Supplemental Tables

Timing of Assessments

Timing of Assessment
Variable / Target / Age 4.5 / Age 5.5 / Age 6.5 / Age 8 / Age 10
Interparental Satisfaction
Quality of Marriage Index / Mother / ● / ● / ● / ●
Father / ● / ● / ● / ●
Negative Parent-Child Relationship
The parent’s negative affect with child
The child’s negative affect with parent
The parent’s power-assertive control / Mother-Child / ● / ● / ●
Father-Child / ● / ● / ●
Positive Parent-Child Relationship
The parent’s positive affect with child
The child’s positive affect with parent
Parent-child MRO / Mother-Child / ● / ● / ●
Father-Child / ● / ● / ●
Internalizing symptoms
Child Symptom Inventory-4 / Child / ● / ● / ● / ●

Note. MRO = mutually responsive orientation.

Coded Contexts, Duration, and Corresponding Variables

52 Months / Duration (Minutes) with Each Parent / Coded Variables
Introduction to Prohibition / 10 / Affect, MRO, Power Assertion
Parent Busy/Completes Questionnaires / 15 / Affect, MRO, Power Assertion
Snack / 15 / Affect, MRO, Power Assertion
Play with Toys or Craft Project / 10 / Affect, MRO, Power Assertion
Cleanup / 10 / Affect, MRO, Power Assertion
Gift / 5 / Affect, MRO, Power Assertion
Total / 65 / Total: 130 minutes with both parents
67 Months / Duration (Minutes)
with Each Parent / Coded Variables
Introduction to Prohibition / 10 / Affect, MRO, Power Assertion
Parent Busy/Completes Questionnaires / 15 / Affect, MRO, Power Assertion
Snack / 10 / Affect, MRO, Power Assertion
Play with Toys or Craft Project / 10 / Affect, MRO, Power Assertion
Cleanup / 10 / Affect, MRO, Power Assertion
Gift / 5 / Affect, MRO, Power Assertion
Total / 60 / Total: 120 minutes with both parents
80 Months / Duration (Minutes)
with Each Parent / Coded Variables
Introduction to Prohibition / 10 / Affect, MRO, Power Assertion
Parent Busy/Completes Questionnaires / 15 / Affect, MRO, Power Assertion
Snack / 10 / Affect, MRO, Power Assertion
Play with Toys or Craft Project / 10 / Affect, MRO, Power Assertion
Cleanup / 10 / Affect, MRO, Power Assertion
Gift / 5 / Affect, MRO, Power Assertion
Total / 60 / Total: 120 minutes with both parents

Note. MRO = mutually responsive orientation. Grand Total Time Across Contexts: 185 minutes for each parent for a total of 370 minutes (approx. 6 hours) of observation.

General Description of each Context:

Introduction to Prohibition: Parent is asked to tell the child at the outset that a selection of toys and objects are off limits and to enforce the prohibition throughout the session.

Busy: Parent busy with questionnaires while the child has free time.

Snack: Multiple snacks and drinks are provided. Parent and child have a snack time, and clean up.

Play with Toys or Project: Parent and child are asked to play with a set of toys or, at older ages, complete a craft project (e.g., building a picture frame).

Cleanup: Parent is asked to request that the child clean up multiple toys or craft materials following play, and to make it the child’s job as much as possible.

Gift: Parent and child are given wrapped gifts and are invited to open them together.