Norton,Chp 9 Test: Defining the Nation

Norton,Chp 9 Test: Defining the Nation

Name: ______Date: ______

Indicate the best answer to each of the following on your answer document.

1. / Which of the following best expresses the Supreme Court’s decision in Charles River Bridge v.Warren Bridge?
A) / The original grant of power in a state contract is to be interpreted as broad and unlimited.
B) / State governments have final authority over transportation routes within their boundaries.
C) / The federal government has final authority over transportation routes that cross state boundaries.
D) / New enterprises cannot be restrained by privileges that were implied under old charters.
2. / Which of the following would have been most likely to benefit from the Embargo Act?
A) / A dock worker in New England / C) / The owner of a New England textile mill
B) / West Indian merchants / D) / Factory workers in England
3. / Which of the following is true of the election of 1808?
A) / James Madison was uncontested as the Democratic-Republican nominee.
B) / The Federalists, as usual, were badly split and refused to engage in a public debate of the issues.
C) / Madison virtually promised voters a war with Great Britain.
D) / The Younger Federalists used widespread discontent with Democratic-Republican policy, especially the embargo, to their advantage.
4. / In which case did the Supreme Court establish the principle of judicial review?
A) / Chisholm v.Georgia / C) / McCulloch v.Maryland
B) / Marbury v.Madison / D) / Fletcher v.Peck
5. / In his inaugural address, Jefferson
A) / said that a strong national government was the primary bulwark “against anti-republican tendencies.”
B) / put the Federalists on notice that he intended to purge them from appointive offices in the federal government.
C) / called for a strong military establishment to protect the nation from foreign enemies.
D) / sought unity after the bitter presidential election of 1800 by declaring “we are all republicans, we are all federalists.”
6. / The War of 1812 ended for which of the following reasons?
A) / The Battle of Baltimore cost so many American lives that the United States sought peace.
B) / The British finally agreed to renounce the policy of impressment.
C) / After Jackson's victory at New Orleans, the British could not continue to fight.
D) / Napoleon's defeat in Europe made peace and the status quo acceptable to both sides.
7. / Which of the following is true of Macon's Bill Number 2?
A) / It advocated the creation of a league of armed neutral nations.
B) / It authorized the president to sign a military alliance with whichever nation agreed to respect American rights.
C) / It reopened trade with Britain and France, but it stipulated that if either nation agreed to respect American rights the president could end commerce with the other.
D) / It was designed to intimidate both the British and the French by indicating American willingness to go to war.
8. / Which of the following most accurately states Tecumseh's beliefs?
A) / Native American culture can be preserved only by accepting the reservation system.
B) / The only way to combat the spread of white culture is for Native Americans to return to their traditional spiritual and moral values.
C) / Native Americans must accept the demise of their culture and adapt to the ways of whites.
D) / A united Indian front is necessary to combat the advance of the white man.
9. / Which of the following is true concerning the British policy of impressment?
A) / The practice ended as a result of the treaty negotiated by William Pinckney and James Monroe.
B) / The practice made a mockery of U.S. citizenship and sovereignty.
C) / The practice was greatly exaggerated by American politicians seeking votes.
D) / The practice led to a decision by American shippers not to trade with Britain until it was stopped.
10. / Which of the following was true of the Louisiana Purchase?
A) / It provided land to which eastern Indians could be removed.
B) / It gave the United States immediate access to the Pacific Ocean.
C) / It angered most Americans and almost cost Jefferson the 1804 election.
D) / It angered eastern merchants but pleased western farmers.
11. / Early in the Jefferson presidency, the secretary of the treasury
A) / called for the imposition of a national sales tax.
B) / reduced the army and navy budgets.
C) / called for reduced spending on social programs.
D) / instituted a revenue-sharing program for the states.
12. / Which of the following is true of the Supreme Court's decision in Marbury v. Madison?
A) / The Court declared that the section of the Judiciary Act of 1789 that authorized the Court to issue writs of mandamus was unconstitutional.
B) / The Court, under pressure from the Republicans, ruled that Marbury had no right to his commission.
C) / The Court exercised its power to issue writs of mandamus as authorized by the Judiciary Act of 1789.
D) / The Court upheld President Jefferson's right to claim executive privilege and thereby ignore a court subpoena.
13. / Following the War of 1812, Congress
A) / established the independent treasury system.
B) / rejected John Calhoun’s call for federal funding to build roads and canals.
C) / rejected the nationalist program advanced by Henry Clay.
D) / enacted a protective tariff to aid certain American industries.
14. / In the Rush-Bagot Treaty, Great Britain and the United States agreed
A) / on the fishing rights of each in the Atlantic.
B) / to the creation of an Indian buffer state in the Northwest.
C) / to limit their naval forces on the Great Lakes.
D) / on a timetable for the withdrawal of British forces from the Oregon Country.
15. / Which of the following was a provision of the Adams-Onís Treaty?
A) / The United States gave up its claims to northern Mexico.
B) / The northern limits of the Louisiana Purchase were established at the 49th parallel.
C) / Spain ceded the Nevada and Utah territories to the United States.
D) / The United States and Spain agreed that they would jointly occupy East Florida.
16. / Which of the following was a result of the building of canals such as the Erie Canal?
A) / So little thought was put into the routes for canals that they served little useful commercial purpose.
B) / Canals established important transportation links between the Midwest and the North.
C) / Canals established important transportation links between the North and the South.
D) / Financed by the federal government, canal building required an increase in the federal taxes.
17. / How did President Jefferson respond to the Chesapeake affair?
A) / Using the Monroe-Pinckney Treaty as a starting point, he reopened negotiations with the British.
B) / He increased military and naval expenditures and got Congress to enact the Embargo Act.
C) / He confined himself to stern public denunciations of the British.
D) / He armed American merchant ships.
18. / Newspapers such as the National Intelligencer and the New York Evening Post were important for which of the following reasons?
A) / They helped to build a national political culture.
B) / They helped keep elections focused on the real issues by refusing to carry negative personal comments about political candidates.
C) / They are the first examples of sensationalist journalism in the early republic.
D) / They established the precedent of impartiality by the news media in political campaigns.
19. / As a result of the Chesapeake affair,
A) / Great Britain attempted to blockade the American coastline.
B) / Congress repealed the Non-Importation Act as a conciliatory gesture to the British.
C) / President Jefferson asked Congress to declare war against Great Britain.
D) / the military weakness of the United States was exposed.
20. / In the Monroe Doctrine, the United States
A) / pledged to support the anti-Spanish revolutions in Cuba, Nicaragua, and Panama.
B) / joined Great Britain in a pledge to protect the independence of the states of Latin America.
C) / relinquished any future territorial ambitions in the Americas.
D) / demanded nonintervention by European powers in the affairs of independent nations in the New World.
21. / Analysis of the vote in favor of a declaration of war against Great Britain in 1812 supports which of the following conclusions?
A) / Most representatives from the coastal states opposed the war.
B) / Because there was strong support for the war in all regions, the vote demonstrated American unity.
C) / Support for the war came primarily from New England and the South.
D) / Congressmen from the South and West strongly opposed the war, and those from New England supported it.
22. / Francis Cabot Lowell’s textile mill at Waltham, Massachusetts,
A) / combined all manufacturing processes at a single location.
B) / implemented the putting-out plan.
C) / gave rise to the first labor unions in the United States.
D) / used steam engines for power.
23. / Which of the following is true of Chief Justice John Marshall?
A) / He upheld the principle of government regulation of industry despite Federalist objections.
B) / He made the Supreme Court the equal of the other branches of government in practice as well as theory.
C) / He refused to accept cases that were politically sensitive.
D) / He consistently upheld the power of the states in relation to the power of the federal government.
24. / Which of the following was a provision of the Missouri Compromise?
A) / Free blacks were barred from settling in Missouri.
B) / The Louisiana Purchase territory was to be open to white settlers only.
C) / After Missouri’s admission to the Union as a slave state, slavery was prohibited in the Louisiana Purchase territory north of 36 30′’.
D) / New nonslaveholding settlers in Missouri would receive a homestead of forty acres of land.
25. / As a result of the Louisiana Purchase,
A) / Jefferson's prestige and power declined due to public anger.
B) / the United States entered into an anti-British alliance with France.
C) / the United States controlled the mouth of the Mississippi River.
D) / the United States suffered a severe economic downturn.
26. / What is the theory of judicial review as applied to the Supreme Court?
A) / The Court may decide the winner in a disputed federal or state election.
B) / The Court may try federal judges for high crimes and misdemeanors.
C) / The Court may appoint special counselors to investigate officials within the executive department.
D) / The Court may nullify any federal or state legislative act by declaring it to be unconstitutional.
27. / In McCulloch v. Maryland the Supreme Court
A) / held that, under the Constitution’s necessary and proper clause, Congress had the power to charter banks.
B) / increased the power of the states relative to the federal government.
C) / recognized the full legal authority of states over economic activities within their borders.
D) / declared constitutional a Maryland law taxing the Baltimore branch of the Second Bank of the United States.
28. / Which of the following served as a translator and guide on the Lewis and Clark expedition?
A) Zebulon Pike B) Sacagawea C) York D) Patrick Gass
29. / The issuance of the Monroe Doctrine in 1823 was prompted by
A) / President Monroe’s hope of increasing his popularity with the American public.
B) / the fear that reactionary continental European nations might intervene in Latin America to restore Spanish colonial rule.
C) / continuing British intervention in Latin American affairs.
D) / the Russian annexation of Alaska.
30. / Which of the following was a significant factor in the inability of the United States to launch a successful invasion of Canada in the War of 1812?
A) / The reluctance of militia units in New York to cross the border into Canada
B) / Improper training in the use of new weaponry
C) / The failure to maintain proper supply lines
D) / An unusually brutal series of winter storms
31. / The domestic program outlined by President Madison in 1815
A) / in many respects embraced Federalist ideas.
B) / in most respects indicated the triumph of the ideas associated with Jeffersonian Republicanism.
C) / represented a novel definition of the role of the federal government.
D) / recommended constitutional amendments that would have destroyed the system of checks and balances.
32. / Thomas Jefferson dismissed many customs collectors from New England ports when he assumed the presidency because
A) / he did not consider them to be qualified for their jobs.
B) / they had consistently refused to enforce the tariffs enacted by Congress.
C) / he wanted to replace Federalist officials with Republican officials.
D) / he found evidence of their corruption.
33. / Which of the following best describes the initial impact of the renewed conflict between Great Britain and France on American commerce?
A) / The United States, as the world's largest neutral carrier, benefited commercially during the first two years of the war.
B) / United States merchants lost a sizable number of ships to both British and French assaults.
C) / Both the British and the French regularly seized whole cargoes of American grain.
D) / The British and the French imposed an embargo against American trade with their West Indian possessions.
34. / The federal government created an atmosphere conducive to individual creativity by doing which of the following?
A) / The Patent Office was authorized to commission inventors.
B) / The Department of Commerce extended government grants to “invention factories.”
C) / Congress ordered that technical reports be published explaining all newly awarded patents.
D) / Congress protected inventors by enacting patent laws giving them a seventeen-year monopoly on their inventions.
35. / One of the goals of the Lewis and Clark expedition was to
A) / establish American military posts throughout the Louisiana Purchase territory.
B) / foster trade relations with Indians in the trans-Mississippi West.
C) / challenge Spanish claims in the Southwest.
D) / establish a permanent American settlement on the Pacific coast.
36. / The outcome of the Republican attempt to remove Federalist Justice Samuel Chase from office is significant because it
A) / convinced federal judges not to make public speeches.
B) / helped preserve the Supreme Court's independence from political pressure.
C) / led the Senate to institute confirmation hearings for judicial appointments.
D) / caused a serious division in the Republican party.
37. / Which of the following occurred in Louisiana shortly before Spain transferred the territory to France?
A) / The American army attacked Spanish forces at New Orleans.
B) / Spanish officials denied Americans navigation rights on the Mississippi.
C) / Spanish officials denied Americans the privilege of storing their products at New Orleans prior to transshipment to foreign markets.
D) / The British army invaded the territory from its bases in Canada.
38. / In their response to the war in Europe, the actions of Presidents Jefferson and Madison
A) / caused severe economic disruptions in both England and France.
B) / increased the negotiating power of the United States with the belligerent nations.
C) / increased the power and prestige of the U.S. Navy in the Atlantic.
D) / demonstrated that economic policy was not an effective diplomatic weapon.
39. / What action did Great Britain take shortly before the American declaration of war against that country?
A) / The British announced a blockade of the American coast.
B) / The British changed the policy that had been the reason for American anger by reopening the seas to American shipping.
C) / The British navy sank several American merchant ships.
D) / Great Britain increased its naval presence in the Great Lakes.
40. / Which of the following was the first land victory for the United States in the War of 1812?
A) / The defense of Fort Harrison by Captain Zachary Taylor
B) / General Hull's successful defense of Fort Dearborn
C) / The Battle of Queenstown on the Niagara front
D) / The razing of the Canadian capital of York
41. / When Thomas Jefferson was elected president in 1800, one of his goals was to
A) / knit the nation together by building a federally financed transportation network.
B) / implement an activist, pro-French foreign policy.
C) / limit the power of the federal government.
D) / use government to regulate the greed of corporate interests.
42. / The growth of short-staple cotton was made profitable by the
A) power loom. B) water frame. C) cotton gin. D) spinning jenny.
43. / The Naturalization Act of 1802
A) / established a quota system that favored immigrants from northwestern Europe.
B) / required a literacy test of all prospective citizens.
C) / increased the residency requirement for citizenship to fourteen years.
D) / reduced the residency requirement for citizenship to five years.
44. / The embargo initiated by President Jefferson in 1807 had the greatest impact on
A) France. B) Great Britain. C) the South. D) New England.
45. / As a result of social events hosted by the wives of appointed and elected officials in Washington, D. C.
A) / foreign dignitaries were often offended by the relaxed and casual manner in which the guests were dressed.
B) / political negotiations and compromises were encouraged by giving political enemies a place where they could talk cordially with each other.
C) / political problems were created for officials because of the outspokenness of their wives on controversial political matters.
D) / credibility was given to the rumors that President Madison was controlled by a group of wealthy Virginia planters.
46. / Which of the following is true of Tecumseh?
A) / encouraging the development of a pan-Indian federation among northern and southern Indians.
B) / He led the Creeks in resisting Andrew Jackson's removal policy.
C) / He convinced the Shawnees to turn to settled agriculture as a means of saving Indian land and Indian culture.
D) / He led the Shawnees to victory over William Henry Harrison at the Battle of Tippecanoe.
47. / Why was Aaron Burr tried for treason?
A) / His murder of Alexander Hamilton was recognized as part of an elaborate conspiracy to overthrow the government of the United States.
B) / Using the Louisiana Territory as a base, he plotted to raise a private army, take land in the Southwest, and create an empire.
C) / As Jefferson's vice president, he passed U.S. military secrets to the French.
D) / After having been elected governor of New York, he led a secession movement in the state.
48. / Which of the following was a consequence of the War of 1812?
A) / The war served to encourage the growth of young industries such as the textile industry.
B) / The American army was dismantled, leaving only the state militias.
C) / The Indian tribes were more united and more able to resist future American expansion.
D) / Federalist opposition to the unpopular war made the party a serious threat to the Republicans in 1816.
49. / In the Convention of 1818, the United States and Great Britain agreed to
A) / a ten-year joint occupation of the Oregon Country.
B) / demilitarize the United States-Canadian border.
C) / terminate the 1815 commercial treaty between the two countries.
D) / demilitarize the Great Lakes.
50. / The issue that posed the most serious problem for Madison from a constitutional point of view was
A) / the proposal for a permanent standing army.
B) / the national bank question.
C) / federal support for local internal improvements such as roads and canals.
D) / the protective tariff.
51. / The fight over the admission of Missouri to the Union
A) / was of great political significance because Missouri’s admission would disrupt the balance between slave and free states in the Senate.
B) / resulted solely from the emotional feelings that people had about slavery.
C) / ushered in an era in which virtually every session of Congress had to deal with the slavery issue.
D) / concerned purely political questions, with no discussion about the morality of slavery.
52. / In Gibbons v. Ogden the Supreme Court
A) / expanded Congress’s power by ruling that trade on the nation’s waterways fell under the commerce clause of the Constitution.
B) / recognized workers’ rights to organize by declaring that strikes are legal actions.
C) / protected the sanctity of contracts against state interference.
D) / recognized that workers have the right to organize if their intent is to improve their working conditions.

For two of the following essay topics, write the opening paragraph with your thesis statement, and write the topic sentence for each body paragraph that will support your thesis. Choose your words with discretion, be specific, and write intentionally.