Nonhuman Primates in Biomedical Research:Diseases: Chapter11

Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System, Pages416-444

1. Degenerative arthritis is a type of chronic joint disease in which the primary target tissue is:

  1. vascularized tissue, particularly synovium and synovial fluid
  2. articular cartilage and/or subchondral bone
  3. tendons and ligaments

2. Inflammatory arthritis represents joint diseases that affect primarily:

  1. vascularized tissue, particularly synovium and synovial fluid
  2. articular cartilage and/or subchondral bone
  3. tendons and ligaments

3. The knee joint articular surfaces of which family of NHP’s closely resembles that of humans?

  1. Callitrichidae
  2. Cebidae
  3. Cercopithecidae
  4. Cercocebus

4. In both human and nonhuman primates, osteoarthritis is more common in:

  1. Males
  2. Females
  3. Hermaphrodites
  4. No sex predisposition

5. True or False: Fixed deformity of the spine is more commonly the result of spondyloarthropathy, rather than osteoarthritis.

6. Radiological features of osteoarthritis include:

  1. narrowing of joint space
  2. increased radiodensity of subchondral region
  3. subchondral bone cysts
  4. marginal osteophytes
  5. all of the above

7. What is the usual underlying lesion associated with spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee?

  1. osteochondrosis dessicans of the lateral femoral condyle
  2. osteoarthritis affecting the distal aspect of the patella
  3. generalized osteoporosis
  4. microfracture through the articular plate of the femoral condyle

8. What is the most common crystal-associated arthritis in NHP’s?

  1. calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD)
  2. monosodium urate (gout)
  3. calcific periarthritis
  4. crystal-associated arthritis has yet to be reported in the NHP

9. True or False: CPPD crystals are found deposited on the surface of the articular tissues, while crystals seen in gout (monosodium urate) deposit within the articular tissues

10. What is the definitive accepted criteria for diagnosis of CPPD crystal arthropathy?

  1. radiographic evidence of distinctively shaped crystals on the articular surface
  2. detection of CPPD crystals in synovial fluid or articular tissue by polarized light microscopy
  3. arthroscopic visualization of pathognomonic crystalline structures

11. In the cases of NHP calcium apetite arthritis, the disease presents as a radiodense periarticular mass in which regions of the body?

  1. cervical and lumbar spinal regions
  2. stifle and elbow
  3. ankle and wrist
  4. hand and foot

12. What does the acronym DISH stand for?

  1. Dystrophic immune structure hyalinization
  2. Degenerative idiosyncratic hypoproliferation
  3. Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis
  4. none of the above

13. Which vitamin, when consumed in excessive amounts, can cause DISH?

  1. Vitamin A
  2. Vitamin D
  3. Vitamin E
  4. Vitamin K

14. Unlike disease in humans, rheumatoid arthritis in NHP’s has been associated with what organism?

  1. Mycobacterium
  2. Arthrovirus
  3. Mycoplasma
  4. Corynebacterium

15. True or False: Studies in baboons have shown that injection of synovial fluid from baboons with rheumatoid arthritis will cause an unaffected baboon to develop arthritis.

16. What species of rodent is the main reservoir for Ixodes dammini, the tick that transmits Lyme Disease?

  1. Mastomys
  2. Peromyscus
  3. Mystromys
  4. Mus

17. Which interleukin molecule, when administered subcutaneously to juvenile rhesus monkeys daily for one week, induced acute polyarthritis?

  1. IL-10
  2. IL-3
  3. IL-12
  4. IL-15

18. Which disease can be induced by feeding cynomologous macaques an alfalfa sprout-enriched diet?

  1. systemic lupus erythematosus
  2. polymyositis
  3. pancreatitis
  4. diabetes mellitus

19. What is the term used for a syndrome of profound weight loss, muscle atrophy, progressive “paralysis” and hair loss associated with diarrhea, colitis and hemolytic anemia?

  1. Marmoset inflammatory bowel disease
  2. Idiopathic chronic disease of marmosets
  3. Marmoset progressive paralysis (MPP)
  4. Wasting marmoset syndrome

20. Cage paralysis has been associated with a deficiency of which vitamin?

  1. Vitamin A
  2. Vitamin B12
  3. Vitamin C
  4. Vitamin D

21. True or False: “simian bone disease” is related to hyperparathyroidism secondary to inadequate dietary calcium intake.

22. T/F: treatment of scurvy can be performed by oral Vitamin C supplementation.

23. Rickets and osteomalacia are associated with deficiencies and/or metabolic defects in:

  1. vitamin D
  2. calcium
  3. phosphate
  4. all of the above

24. True/False: A single injection of tetracycline at 80 mg/kg in a young macaque can retard bone growth for up to two weeks

25. What is the old clinical term for a spreading sore that begins on the mucosal membrane at the alveolar margin of the mouth.

  1. Canker
  2. Smith’s disease
  3. Noma
  4. Dysbaric osteonecrosis

26. In female rhesus macaques, which of the following was shown to be a risk factor for osteoporosis

  1. endometriosis
  2. cystic ovaries
  3. recent pregnancy
  4. none of the above

27. T/F: Superovulation has been shown to be a well-established model for osteoporosis, used to study bone antiresorptive agents.

1. b

2. a

3. c

4. b

5. True

6. e

7. d

8. a

9. False

10. b

11. d

12. c

13. a

14. c

15. False

16. b

17. b

18. a

19. d

20. b

21. True

22. False

23. d

24. True

25. c

26. c

27. False