Table S1 Information on the samples and sequences included in this study, includinggeographic origin, haplotype code, GenBank accession number and clade membership in the trees of Figure 2. Accession numbers in italics indicate previously published sequences (Lebarbenchon et al. 2010; McDevitt et al. 2012; Rodrigues et al. 2016). Sequences generated by usthat were identical to previously published haplotypes are indicated by an asterisk. Dashes indicate Cyt b haplotypes that did not fall into any of the defined clades. Samples without data for mtDNA mean that they were analysed only for microsatellites
Sample code / Origin / Cyt b haplotype / GenBank accession number / Clade membershipAu19 / Austria / CB33 / AM258847 / Clade V
99_Azo / Terceira / CB74 / KT737491 / Clade I
100_Azo / S. Miguel / CB1 / * / Clade I
101_Azo / S. Miguel / CB1 / * / Clade I
102_Azo / S. Miguel / CB1 / * / Clade I
Be65 / Belgium / CB27 / AM258871 / Clade V
Co11 / Corsica / CB18 / AM258840 / Clade IV
Co12 / Corsica / CB18 / AM258841 / Clade IV
Co13 / Corsica / CB18 / AM258842 / Clade IV
Co22 / Corsica / CB18 / AM258850 / Clade IV
Co23 / Corsica / CB18 / AM258851 / Clade IV
Co24 / Corsica / CB18 / AM258852 / Clade IV
51_Cre / Crete / CB1 / * / Clade I
52_Cre / Crete / CB1 / * / Clade I
53_Cre / Crete / CB1 / * / Clade I
55_Cre / Crete / CB1 / * / Clade I
56_Cre / Crete / CB38 / KP456000 / Clade I
57_Cre / Crete / CB1 / * / Clade I
58_Cre / Crete / CB38 / KP456000 / Clade I
59_Cre / Crete / CB39 / * (= AM258858) / Clade I
60_Cre / Crete / CB1 / * / Clade I
61_Cre / Crete / CB38 / KP456000 / Clade I
62_Cre / Crete / CB38 / KP456000 / Clade I
63_Cre / Crete / CB38 / KP456000 / Clade I
64_Cre / Crete / CB38 / KP456000 / Clade I
65_Cre / Crete / CB39 / * / Clade I
66_Cre / Crete / CB38 / KP456000 / Clade I
67_Cre / Crete / CB1 / * / Clade I
68_Cre / Crete / CB1 / * / Clade I
69_Cre / Crete / CB1 / * / Clade I
70_Cre / Crete / CB38 / KP456000 / Clade I
71_Cre / Crete / CB39 / * / Clade I
72_Cre / Crete / CB39 / * / Clade I
CzR44_MD / Czech Republic / CB45 / AM258866 / Clade II
CzR45_MD / Czech Republic / CB49 / JN819546 / Clade II
Dk97 / Denmark / CB25 / AM258887 / Clade V
Dk98 / Denmark / CB25 / AM258888 / Clade V
Dk99 / Denmark / CB71 / AM258889 / Clade V
Dk100 / Denmark / CB28 / AM258890 / Clade V
Dk101 / Denmark / CB71 / AM258891 / Clade V
335_Egy / Egypt / CB1 / * / Clade I
336_Egy / Egypt / CB1 / * / Clade I
337_Egy / Egypt / CB1 / * / Clade I
UK37 / England / CB25 / AM258861 / Clade V
UK38 / England / CB25 / AM258862 / Clade V
Fi35 / Finland / CB72 / AM258859 / Clade V
Fi36 / Finland / CB73 / AM258860 / Clade V
Fr03 / France / CB22 / AM258837 / Clade V
Fr08 / France / CB23 / AM258838 / Clade V
Fr09 / France / CB24 / AM258839 / Clade V
Fr14 / France / CB11 / AM258843 / Clade V
Fr21 / France / CB11 / AM258849 / Clade V
Fr87 / France / CB11 / AM258880 / Clade V
6_Fra / France / CB20 / KT737488 / Clade V
7_Fra / France / CB8 / * / Clade V
85_Fra / France / CB21 / KT737489 / Clade V
Ge66 / Germany / CB28 / AM258872 / Clade V
Ge114 / Germany / CB25 / AM932885 / Clade V
Gr102 / Greece / CB36 / AM749048 / Clade I
Gr103 / Greece / CB37 / AM749049 / Clade I
11_Gre / Greece / CB34 / KP456001 / Clade I
185_Gre / Greece / CB35 / KP455998 / Clade II
It16 / Italy / CB30 / AM258844 / Clade V
It17 / Italy / CB31 / AM258845 / Clade V
It18 / Italy / CB18 / AM258846 / Clade IV
It81 / Italy / CB25 / AM258874 / Clade V
It82 / Italy / CB25 / AM258875 / Clade V
It83 / Italy / CB25 / AM258876 / Clade V
It84 / Italy / CB25 / AM258877 / Clade V
It85 / Italy / CB25 / AM258878 / Clade V
It86 / Italy / CB32 / AM258879 / Clade V
It89 / Italy / CB25 / AM258882 / Clade V
12_Ita / Italy / CB25 / * / Clade V
13_Ita / Italy / CB25 / * / Clade V
14_Ita / Italy / CB29 / KT737490 / Clade I
15_Ita / Italy / CB25 / * / Clade V
Lu111 / Luxembourg / CB26 / AM932883 / Clade V
77_Bal / Mallorca / CB44 / KP456002 / Clade I
78_Bal / Mallorca / CB44 / KP456002 / Clade I
134_Mal / Malta / CB1 / * / Clade I
135_Mal / Malta / CB1 / * / Clade I
136_Mal / Malta / CB1 / * / Clade I
137_Mal / Malta / CB1 / * / Clade I
138_Mal / Malta / CB1 / * / Clade I
139_Mal / Malta / CB1 / * / Clade I
140_Mal / Malta / CB1 / * / Clade I
141_Mal / Malta / CB1 / * / Clade I
Mi88 / Minorca / CB1 / AM258881 / Clade I
79_Bal / Minorca / CB1 / * / Clade I
Mo25 / Morocco / CB6 / AM258853 / Clade III
Mo53 / Morocco / CB5 / AM258867 / Clade III
Mo54 / Morocco / CB4 / AM258868 / Clade III
Mo93 / Morocco / CB3 / AM258883 / Clade III
Po42 / Poland / CB50 / AM258863 / Clade II
Po43 / Poland / CB51 / AM258864 / Clade V
Po44 / Poland / CB52 / AM258865 / Clade V
Po45 / Poland / CB25 / AM932882 / Clade V
Po46 / Poland / CB45 / AM258866 / Clade II
Pol1_MD / Poland / CB52 / AM258865 / Clade V
Pol2_MD / Poland / CB45 / AM258866 / Clade II
Pol3_MD / Poland / CB51 / AM258864 / Clade V
Pol4_MD / Poland / CB67 / JN819550 / Clade V
Pol5_MD / Poland / CB68 / JN819536 / Clade V
Pol6_MD / Poland / CB51 / JN819537 / Clade V
Pol7_MD / Poland / CB51 / AM258864 / Clade V
Pol8_MD / Poland / CB70 / JN819551 / Clade V
Pol9_MD / Poland / CB45 / AM258866 / Clade II
Pol10_MD / Poland / CB53 / JN819549 / Clade V
Pol11_MD / Poland / CB52 / AM258865 / Clade V
Pol12_MD / Poland / CB54 / JN819538 / Clade V
Pol13_MD / Poland / CB55 / JN819539 / Clade V
Pol14_MD / Poland / CB53 / JN819549 / Clade V
Pol15_MD / Poland / CB52 / AM258865 / Clade V
Pol16_MD / Poland / CB51 / AM258864 / Clade V
Pol17_MD / Poland / CB53 / JN819549 / Clade V
Pol18_MD / Poland / CB52 / AM258865 / Clade V
Pol19_MD / Poland / CB56 / AM258865 / Clade II
Pol20_MD / Poland / CB57 / JN819543 / Clade II
Pol21_MD / Poland / CB46 / AM258885 / Clade I
Pol22_MD / Poland / CB58 / JN819544 / Clade II
Pol23_MD / Poland / CB45 / AM258866 / Clade II
Pol24_MD / Poland / CB59 / JN819552 / Clade V
Pol25_MD / Poland / CB45 / AM258866 / Clade II
Pol26_MD / Poland / CB52 / AM258865 / Clade V
Pol27_MD / Poland / CB45 / JN819545 / Clade II
Pol28_MD / Poland / CB61 / JN819553 / Clade I
Pol29_MD / Poland / CB52 / AM258865 / Clade V
Pol30_MD / Poland / CB50 / AM258863 / Clade II
Pol31_MD / Poland / CB50 / AM258863 / Clade II
Pol32_MD / Poland / CB52 / AM258865 / Clade V
Pol33_MD / Poland / CB52 / AM258865 / Clade V
Pol34_MD / Poland / CB50 / AM258863 / Clade II
Pol35_MD / Poland / CB62 / JN819541 / Clade II
Pol38_MD / Poland / CB62 / JN819541 / Clade II
Pol39_MD / Poland / CB62 / JN819541 / Clade II
Pol40_MD / Poland / CB62 / JN819541 / Clade II
Pol41_MD / Poland / CB63 / JN819540 / Clade V
Pol42_MD / Poland / CB62 / JN819541 / Clade II
Pol43_MD / Poland / CB51 / AM258864 / Clade V
Pol46_MD / Poland / CB64 / JN819547 / Clade II
Pol47_MD / Poland / CB65 / JN860931 / Clade II
Pol48_MD / Poland / CB66 / JN819548 / Clade II
Pol49_MD / Poland / CB65 / JN860931 / Clade II
269_Por / Portugal / CB13 / KT737482 / Clade V
270_Por / Portugal
271_Por / Portugal
272_Por / Portugal
273_Por / Portugal / CB14 / KT737483 / Clade V
274_Por / Portugal / CB7 / * / Clade V
275_Por / Portugal / CB14 / KT737483 / Clade V
276_Por / Portugal / CB15 / KT737484 / Clade V
277_Por / Portugal / CB16 / KT737485 / Clade V
278_Por / Portugal / CB7 / * / Clade V
279_Por / Portugal / CB17 / KT737486 / Clade V
280_Por / Portugal / CB7 / * / Clade V
281_Por / Portugal / CB16 / KT737485 / Clade V
282_Por / Portugal / CB18 / * / Clade IV
283_Por / Portugal / CB13 / KT737482 / Clade V
284_Por / Portugal / CB15 / KT737484 / Clade V
285_Por / Portugal / CB7 / * / Clade V
286_Por / Portugal / CB7 / * / Clade V
287_Por / Portugal / CB7 / * / Clade V
288_Por / Portugal / CB19 / KT737487 / Clade V
289_Por / Portugal / CB18 / * / Clade IV
290_Por / Portugal / CB18 / * / Clade IV
291_Por / Portugal / CB7 / * / Clade V
292_Por / Portugal / CB7 / * / Clade V
293_Por / Portugal / CB7 / * / Clade V
294_Por / Portugal / CB13 / KT737482 / Clade V
295_Por / Portugal
296_Por / Portugal / CB7 / * / Clade V
308_Por / Portugal / CB14 / KT737483 / Clade V
309_Por / Portugal / CB13 / KT737482 / Clade V
310_Por / Portugal / CB16 / KT737485 / Clade V
311_Por / Portugal / CB13 / KT737482 / Clade V
Ro30 / Romania / CB48 / AM258856 / Clade II
87_STP / São Tomé / CB1 / * / Clade I
103_STP / São Tomé / CB1 / * / Clade I
104_STP / São Tomé / CB1 / * / Clade I
105_STP / São Tomé / CB1 / * / Clade I
229_STP / São Tomé / CB1 / * / Clade I
Sa29 / Sardinia / CB42 / AM258855 / Clade I
Sa63 / Sardinia / CB43 / AM258870 / Clade III
Se94 / Serbia / CB45 / AM258884 / Clade II
Se95 / Serbia / CB46 / AM258885 / Clade I
Se96 / Serbia / CB47 / AM258886 / Clade II
Si104 / Sicily / CB18 / AM749050 / Clade IV
Si105 / Sicily / CB40 / AM749051 / Clade IV
Si106 / Sicily / CB41 / AM749052 / Clade IV
Si107 / Sicily / CB41 / AM749053 / Clade IV
Si108 / Sicily / CB18 / AM749054 / Clade IV
Si109 / Sicily / CB18 / AM749055 / Clade IV
Si110 / Sicily / CB41 / AM749056 / Clade IV
10_Sil / Sicily / CB18 / * / Clade IV
Sp62 / Spain / CB7 / AM258869 / Clade V
Sp67 / Spain / CB8 / AM258873 / Clade V
73_Spa / Spain / CB10 / KT737480 / Clade V
74_Spa / Spain / CB9 / KT737479 / Clade V
75_Spa / Spain / CB8 / * / Clade V
76_Spa / Spain / CB7 / * / Clade V
80_Spa / Spain / CB11 / * / Clade V
230_Spa / Spain / CB12 / KT737481 / Clade IV
Sw26 / Switzerland / CB25 / AM258854 / Clade V
186_Tun / Tunisia / CB2 / KP455993 / Clade III
313_Tur / Turkey / CB75 / KP455994 / Clade I
314_Tur / Turkey / CB76 / KP455995 / Clade IV
315_Tur / Turkey / CB18 / * / Clade IV
316_Tur / Turkey / CB75 / KP455994 / Clade I
317_Tur / Turkey / CB75 / KP455994 / Clade I
318_Tur / Turkey / CB75 / KP455994 / Clade I
319_Tur / Turkey / CB75 / KP455994 / Clade I
320_Tur / Turkey / CB1 / * / Clade I
321_Tur / Turkey / CB77 / KP455996 / Clade I
322_Tur / Turkey / CB1 / * / Clade I
323_Tur / Turkey / CB1 / * / Clade I
324_Tur / Turkey / CB75 / KP455994 / Clade I
325_Tur / Turkey / CB78 / KP455997 / -
326_Tur / Turkey / CB35 / KP455998 / Clade II
327_Tur / Turkey / CB79 / KP455999 / Clade I
328_Tur / Turkey / CB18 / * / Clade IV
329_Tur / Turkey / CB35 / KP455998 / Clade II
330_Tur / Turkey / CB35 / KP455998 / Clade II
312_Tur / Turkey
331_Tur / Turkey
332_Tur / Turkey
334_Tur / Turkey
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Table S2 Pairwise Da distances in percentage (below diagonal) and pairwise ΦSTvalues (above diagonal) for mtDNA
S. Tomé / S. Miguel / Mallorca / Minorca / Sardinia / Malta / Sicily / Corsica / Crete / Egypt / Turkey / Greece / Italy / France / Iberia / MaghrebS. Tomé / 0.00 / 1.00 / 0.00 / 0.45 / 0.00 / 0.91 / 1.00 / 0.14 / 0.00 / 0.06 / 0.41 / 0.69 / 0.93 / 0.75 / 0.80
S. Miguel / 0.00 / 1.00 / 0.00 / 0.22 / 0.00 / 0.89 / 1.00 / 0.06 / 0.00 / 0.00 / 0.27 / 0.65 / 0.92 / 0.73 / 0.74
Mallorca / 0.27 / 0.27 / 1.00 / 0.00 / 1.00 / 0.92 / 1.00 / 0.59 / 1.00 / 0.34 / 0.50 / 0.68 / 0.92 / 0.76 / 0.78
Minorca / 0.00 / 0.00 / 0.27 / 0.00 / 0.00 / 0.88 / 1.00 / 0.00 / 0.00 / 0.00 / 0.13 / 0.62 / 0.91 / 0.72 / 0.69
Sardinia / 0.00 / 0.00 / 0.00 / 0.00 / 0.61 / 0.67 / 0.70 / 0.43 / 0.22 / 0.14 / 0.13 / 0.62 / 0.87 / 0.72 / 0.22
Malta / 0.00 / 0.00 / 0.27 / 0.00 / 0.00 / 0.93 / 1.00 / 0.19 / 0.00 / 0.12 / 0.53 / 0.73 / 0.94 / 0.76 / 0.85
Sicily / 0.47 / 0.47 / 0.76 / 0.47 / 0.19 / 0.47 / 0.16 / 0.73 / 0.89 / 0.46 / 0.68 / 0.73 / 0.93 / 0.77 / 0.76
Corsica / 0.46 / 0.46 / 0.75 / 0.46 / 0.18 / 0.46 / 0.01 / 0.73 / 1.00 / 0.43 / 0.69 / 0.72 / 0.94 / 0.76 / 0.78
Crete / 0.04 / 0.04 / 0.32 / 0.04 / 0.00 / 0.04 / 0.45 / 0.44 / 0.06 / 0.20 / 0.35 / 0.75 / 0.90 / 0.77 / 0.71
Egypt / 0.00 / 0.00 / 0.27 / 0.00 / 0.00 / 0.00 / 0.47 / 0.46 / 0.04 / 0.00 / 0.27 / 0.65 / 0.92 / 0.73 / 0.74
Turkey / 0.06 / 0.06 / 0.35 / 0.06 / 0.00 / 0.06 / 0.32 / 0.31 / 0.08 / 0.06 / 0.11 / 0.66 / 0.81 / 0.72 / 0.49
Greece / 0.12 / 0.12 / 0.41 / 0.12 / 0.01 / 0.12 / 0.37 / 0.36 / 0.10 / 0.12 / 0.06 / 0.63 / 0.86 / 0.71 / 0.56
Italy / 1.28 / 1.28 / 1.61 / 1.28 / 1.15 / 1.28 / 1.38 / 1.37 / 1.19 / 1.28 / 1.14 / 1.16 / 0.09 / 0.07 / 0.71
France / 1.86 / 1.86 / 2.21 / 1.86 / 1.74 / 1.86 / 2.00 / 1.98 / 1.78 / 1.86 / 1.71 / 1.73 / 0.06 / 0.13 / 0.90
Iberia / 1.57 / 1.57 / 1.91 / 1.57 / 1.43 / 1.57 / 1.64 / 1.62 / 1.48 / 1.57 / 1.41 / 1.42 / 0.04 / 0.09 / 0.76
Maghreb / 0.54 / 0.54 / 0.84 / 0.54 / 0.00 / 0.54 / 0.45 / 0.44 / 0.52 / 0.54 / 0.44 / 0.44 / 1.53 / 2.11 / 1.78
Non-significant values (P > 0.05) are in italics
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Fig. S1 Neighbour-joining phylogram based on Nei’s (1987) net average distances (Da) between Cyt b sequences among pairs of weasel populations
Fig. S2 Two-dimensional nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) plot of weasel populations based on a matrix of pairwise Cavalli-Sforza and Edwards’ (1967) chord distances (DC) for the microsatellite data. Stress value was equal to 0.16
Fig. S3ΔKplot from the Structure analysis
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