NEURO 2007 / PSYCHOLOGY 2007<782>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2007559462
Authors Yucel M. Lubman D.I. Solowij N. Brewer W.J.
Institution
(Yucel, Lubman, Brewer) ORYGEN Research Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
(Yucel) Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
(Solowij) School of Psychology, Illawarra Institute for Mental Health, University of Wollongong, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Understanding drug addiction: A neuropsychological perspective.
Source
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 41(12)(pp 957-968), 2007. Date of Publication: Dec 2007.
Abstract
The purpose of the present review is to describe the neuropsychological correlates of long-term substance abuse and to discuss the findings within the context of premorbid vulnerabilities, comorbidity and adolescent neurodevelopment. The authors critically review key findings from the neuropsychological literature related to the long-term sequelae of alcohol, cannabis, inhalant, opiates, psychostimulants and ecstasy use. Leading electronic databases such as PubMed were searched to identify relevant studies published in the past 20 years. References identified from bibliographies of pertinent articles and books in the field were also collected and selectively reviewed. Across substances, individuals with long-term abuse consistently demonstrate neuropsychological impairments of executive (inhibitory) control, working memory and decision making, together with neurobiological abnormalities involving frontotemporal and basal ganglia circuits. In some instances these deficits are dose dependent, implying that they are a direct consequence of prolonged drug exposure. However, comorbid behavioural, personality and mental health problems are common among drug-using populations and are associated with similar neuropsychological deficits. Presented herein is a neuropsychological model of addictive behaviour that highlights the complex interplay between cognition, brain maturation, psychopathology and drug exposure.
ISSN 0004-8674
Publication Type Journal: Review
Journal Name Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry
Volume 41
Issue Part 12
Page 957-968
Year of Publication 2007
Date of Publication Dec 2007
PSYCHOLOGY 2007<851>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2007595615
Authors Olmstead T.A. Sindelar J.L. Petry N.M.
Institution
(Olmstead, Petry) Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States.
(Sindelar) School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.
(Sindelar) National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, United States.
(Olmstead) Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030-3944, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Clinic variation in the cost-effectiveness of contingency management.
Source
American Journal on Addictions. 16(6)(pp 457-460), 2007. Date of Publication: Nov 2007.
Abstract
This study determined whether, and by how much, the cost-effectiveness of contingency management (CM) varied across the eight clinics in the National Institute on Drug Abuse Clinical Trials Network MIEDAR trial. Incremental costs, incremental outcomes, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) of CM compared to usual care were calculated, compared and contrasted for each of the clinics. Results showed that the incremental cost of using CM compared to usual care varied by a factor of 1.9 across the clinics, ranging from an additional $306 to an additional $582 per patient. The effect of CM on the longest duration of continuous stimulant abstinence (LDA) varied by a factor of 8.0 across the clinics, ranging from an additional 0.5 to an additional 4.0 weeks. The ICERs for the LDA varied by a factor of 4.6 across the clinics, ranging from $145 to $666. These results show that the cost-effectiveness of CM varied widely among the clinics in the MIEDAR trial. Future research should focus on identifying the sources of this variation, perhaps by identifying clinic-level best practices and/or identifying those subgroups of patients that respond the most cost-effectively, with the ultimate goal of improving the cost-effectiveness of CM overall. Copyright copyright American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry.
ISSN 1055-0496
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name American Journal on Addictions
Volume 16
Issue Part 6
Page 457-460
Year of Publication 2007
Date of Publication Nov 2007
PSYCHOLOGY 2007<876>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2007567348
Authors Panlilio L.V. Goldberg S.R.
Institution
(Panlilio, Goldberg) Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH/DHHS, United States.
(Goldberg) Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH/DHHS, 5500 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD21224, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Self-administration of drugs in animals and humans as a model and an investigative tool.
Source
Addiction. 102(12)(pp 1863-1870), 2007. Date of Publication: Dec 2007.
Abstract
Aim: To review briefly the methods, assumptions, models, accomplishments, drawbacks and future directions of research using drug self-administration in animals and humans. Background: The use of drug self-administration to study addiction is based on the assumption that drugs reinforce the behavior that results in their delivery. A wide range of drug self-administration techniques have been developed to model specific aspects of addiction. These techniques are highly amenable to being combined with a wide variety of neuroscience techniques. Conclusions: The identification of drug use as behavior that is reinforced by drugs has contributed greatly to the understanding and treatment of addiction. As part of a program of pre-clinical research that also involves screening with a variety of simpler behavioral techniques, drug self-administration procedures can provide an important last step in testing potential treatments for addiction. There is currently a concerted effort to develop self-administration procedures that model the extreme nature of the behavior engendered by addiction. As advances continue to be made in neuroscience techniques, self-administration should continue to provide a means of applying these techniques within a sophisticated and valid model of human drug addiction. copyright 2007 Society for the Study of Addiction.
ISSN 0965-2140
Publication Type Journal: Review
Journal Name Addiction
Volume 102
Issue Part 12
Page 1863-1870
Year of Publication 2007
Date of Publication Dec 2007
PSYCHOLOGY 2007<908>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2007497588
Authors Sinha R.
Institution
(Sinha) Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06519, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
The role of stress in addiction relapse.
Source
Current Psychiatry Reports. 9(5)(pp 388-395), 2007. Date of Publication: Oct 2007.
Abstract
Stress is an important factor known to increase alcohol and drug relapse risk. This paper examines the stress-related processes that influence addiction relapse. First, individual patient vignettes of stress- and cue-related situations that increase drug seeking and relapse susceptibility are presented. Next, empirical findings from human laboratory and brain-imaging studies that are consistent with clinical observations and support the specific role of stress processes in the drug-craving state are reviewed. Recent findings on differences in stress responsivity in addicted versus matched community social drinkers are reviewed to demonstrate alterations in stress pathways that could explain the significant contribution of stress-related mechanisms on craving and relapse susceptibility. Finally, significant implications of these findings for clinical practice are discussed, with a specific focus on the development of novel interventions that target stress processes and drug craving to improve addiction relapse outcomes. Copyright copyright 2007 by Current Medicine Group LLC.
ISSN 1523-3812
Publication Type Journal: Review
Journal Name Current Psychiatry Reports
Volume 9
Issue Part 5
Page 388-395
Year of Publication 2007
Date of Publication Oct 2007
PSYCHOLOGY 2007<972>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2007460342
Authors McKay J.R.
Institution
(McKay) University of Pennsylvania, Treatment Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
(McKay) University of Pennsylvania, Treatment Research Center, 3900 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Lessons learned from psychotherapy research.
Source
Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 31(SUPPL. 3)(pp 48S-54S), 2007. Date of Publication: Oct 2007.
Abstract
Background: In addictions treatment research, there has been a relative paucity of work on mechanisms of action that account for observed treatment effects. In studies that have been done, there is little evidence that the purported active ingredients of behavioral interventions such as cognitive-behavioral treatment or motivational interviewing actually mediate treatment effects. This suggests that new approaches are needed to study the process of change in behavioral treatments for addiction. Method: This article reviews several approaches that have been taken by psychotherapy researchers to identify mechanisms of change, including studies of critical sessions, change across sessions, and the relative importance of general vs. specific therapeutic factors. Results: These approaches all involve careful assessment of both therapist and patient behaviors during treatment sessions and study the relation of these factors to improvements or deteriorations in symptoms over the following weeks. Conclusions: Suggestions are offered for how these methods could be used in addiction treatment research to generate hypotheses regarding mechanisms of change that could subsequently be tested in controlled studies. copyright 2007 by the Research Society on Alcoholism.
ISSN 0145-6008
Publication Type Journal: Review
Journal Name Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research
Volume 31
Issue Part SUPPL. 3
Page 48S-54S
Year of Publication 2007
Date of Publication Oct 2007
PSYCHOLOGY 2007<144>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2007083010
Authors Gifford E. Humphreys K.
Institution
(Gifford, Humphreys) Veterans Affairs and StanfordUniversityMedicalCenters, Palo Alto, CA, United States.
(Gifford) Program Evaluation and ResourceCenter (152-MPD), 795 Willow Road, Menlo Park, CA94025, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
The psychological science of addiction.
Source
Addiction. 102(3)(pp 352-361), 2007. Date of Publication: Mar 2007.
Abstract
Aim: To discuss the contributions and future course of the psychological science of addiction. Background: The psychology of addiction includes a tremendous range of scientific activity, from the basic experimental laboratory through increasingly broad relational contexts, including patient-practitioner interactions, families, social networks, institutional settings, economics and culture. Some of the contributions discussed here include applications of behavioral principles, cognitive and behavioral neuroscience and the development and evaluation of addiction treatment. Psychology has at times been guilty of proliferating theories with relatively little pruning, and of overemphasizing intrapersonal explanations for human behavior. However, at its best, defined as the science of the individual in context, psychology is an integrated discipline using diverse methods well-suited to capture the multi-dimensional nature of addictive behavior. Conclusions: Psychology has a unique ability to integrate basic experimental and applied clinical science and to apply the knowledge gained from multiple levels of analysis to the pragmatic goal of reducing the prevalence of addiction. copyright 2007 Society for the Study of Addiction.
ISSN 0965-2140
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addiction
Volume 102
Issue Part 3
Page 352-361
Year of Publication 2007
Date of Publication Mar 2007
PSYCHOLOGY 2007<189>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2007255273
Authors Stevens A. Peschk I. Schwarz J.
Institution
(Stevens, Peschk, Schwarz) Klinik fur Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitat Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany.
(Stevens) Klinik fur Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitat Tubingen, Osianderstr. 22, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Implicit learning, executive function and hedonic activity in chronic polydrug abusers, currently abstinent polydrug abusers and controls.
Source
Addiction. 102(6)(pp 937-946), 2007. Date of Publication: Jun 2007.
Abstract
Aims: The study seeks to evaluate impairments of implicit learning and executive function in chronic polydrug abusers. It was hypothesized that implicit learning and executive function correlate with anhedonia. Design: A cross-sectional group comparison. Settings: Department of Psychiatry, University of Tubingen, Germany. Participants: A total of 25 male polydrug abusers with opiate dependence, n = 26 polydrug abusers abstinent for more than 3 months and n = 26 non-drug-using healthy males. Setting: Abstinent polydrug abusers were recruited from a community treatment centre, current polydrug abusers from local drug counselling services and controls through advertisements. Measurements: A psychological battery assessing implicit learning (serial reaction-time task), various executive functions (latent inhibition, delayed matching-to-sample, Trail Making Test, acquisition and modification of conditioned responses, figural reasoning) and verbal logic memory was administered. Hedonic thoughts and activities as well as depressive symptoms were assessed through questionnaires. Findings: In chronic polydrug abusers, there were moderate impairments of implicit learning, of acquisition, reversal and extinction of conditioned responses, of latent inhibition as well as anhedonia, while working memory was spared. In the abstinent group, cognitive performance was normal except for latent inhibition and more anhedonia and depression than in controls. Conclusions: The findings suggest that current polydrug abusers suffer from impairment of many cognitive functions and from anhedonia. During abstinence, there is near normal cognitive function but still anhedonia. Anhedonia was correlated with implicit learning but not with executive function. copyright 2007 The Authors.
ISSN 0965-2140
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addiction
Volume 102
Issue Part 6
Page 937-946
Year of Publication2007
Date of Publication Jun 2007
PSYCHOLOGY 2007<194>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2007255267
Authors Carroll K.M. Rounsaville B.J.
Institution
(Carroll, Rounsaville) Division of Substance Abuse, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, United States.
(Carroll) Division of Substance Abuse, Yale University School of Medicine, 950 Campbell Avenue (151D), West Haven, CT 06516, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
A vision of the next generation of behavioral therapies research in the addictions.
Source
Addiction. 102(6)(pp 850-862), 2007. Date of Publication: Jun 2007.
Abstract
Whither, or wither, empirically supported therapies? Increasingly rigorous research in behavioral therapies has yielded a large number of effective therapies, but comparatively little work, demonstrating that integrating empirically supported therapies (ESTs) into standard practice results in meaningful improvements in patient outcomes. Methodology and strategies for evaluating ESTs and their effectiveness in clinical practice is a fairly recent innovation, and a host of unanswered questions remain regarding issues such as selection among different ESTs and what type of ESTs should be emphasized in dissemination efforts, what type of clinicians should be trained in what type of ESTs, the most effective training strategies for various types of clinicians, the need for ongoing supervision to maintain minimum levels of treatment fidelity and skill. In this review, we call for broader use of new research strategies and methods relevant to dissemination of ESTs; these may include adaptive designs, identification of mechanisms of action to foster greater emphasis on effective change principles, training and adoption trials, as well as novel implementation strategies including computer-assisted therapy and computer-assisted training. copyright 2007 The Authors.
ISSN 0965-2140
Publication Type Journal: Conference Paper
Journal Name Addiction
Volume 102
Issue Part 6
Page 850-862
Year of Publication 2007
Date of Publication Jun 2007
PSYCHOLOGY 2007<205>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2007233893
Authors Burns K. Bechara A.
Institution
(Bechara) HedcoNeuroscienceBuilding (HNB), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90089-2520, United States.
(Burns) Brain and Creativity Institute, Department of Psychology, University of Southern California,
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Decision making and free will: A neuroscience perspective.
Source
Behavioral Sciences and the Law. 25(2)(pp 263-280), 2007. Date of Publication: 2007.
Abstract
A thorough analysis of the question of whether we possess "free will" requires that we take into account the process of exercising that will: that is, the neural mechanisms of decision making. Much of what we know about these mechanisms indicates that decision making is greatly influenced by implicit processes that may not even reach consciousness. Moreover, there exist conditions, for example certain types of brain injury or drug addiction, in which an individual can be said to have a disorder of the will. Examples such as these demonstrate that the idea of freedom of will on which our legal system is based is not supported by the neuroscience of decision making. Using the criminal law as an example, we discuss how new discoveries in neuroscience can serve as a tool for reprioritizing our society's legal intuitions in a way that leads us to a more effective and humane system. Copyright copyright 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ISSN 0735-3936
Publication Type Journal: Review
Journal Name Behavioral Sciences and the Law
Volume 25
Issue Part 2
Page 263-280
Year of Publication 2007
Date of Publication 2007
PSYCHOLOGY 2007<206>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2007233891
Authors Rachlin H.
Institution
(Rachlin) Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY11794-2500, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Free will from the viewpoint of teleological behaviorism.
Source
Behavioral Sciences and the Law. 25(2)(pp 235-250), 2007. Date of Publication: 2007.
Abstract
A teleological and behavioral view is presented of the concept of free will. Free will is not something people essentially have or do not have. Instead, the following question is asked: Why does society find it useful to label some actions free and some actions not free? It is argued that the function of such labels is to aid in assigning responsibility to people for their actions. Responsibility in turn is useful in assigning rewards and punishments. The sort of actions that are typically seen as free are the same as those seen as self-controlled. Such actions are responsive to environmental contingencies of relatively wide temporal extent. Copyright copyright 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ISSN 0735-3936
Publication Type Journal: Review
Journal Name Behavioral Sciences and the Law
Volume 25
Issue Part 2
Page 235-250
Year of Publication 2007
Date of Publication 2007
PSYCHOLOGY 2007<208>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2007232978
Authors Billieux J. Van der Linden M. D'Acremont M. Ceschi G. Zermatten A.
Institution
(Billieux, Van der Linden, Ceschi, Zermatten) Cognitive Psychopathology and Neuropsychology Unit, University of Geneva, Boulevard du Pont d'Arve 40, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland.