NASAT 2017 - Round 16 - Tossups
1. This hero accidentally killed the super-hospitable King Kyzikos on his wedding night after his escape from six-armed "Earthborn" giants brought this man back to the city of the Doliones. It's not Theseus, but a companion of this hero foiled Talos's attack on him by disorienting the automaton using keres(KAY-ress) spirits. This subject of epics by Valerius Flaccus and Apollonius of Rhodes successfully plowed a field with the fire-breathing Khalkotauroi on a mission given to this hero after he lost a sandal while carrying a disguised Hera across a river. Integral to that quest was a talking piece of wood from Dodona and the love of a daughter of Aietes. For 10 points, name this hero, the beloved of Medea who sought the Golden Fleece with the Argonauts.
ANSWER: Jason [or Iason; do not accept "Aison"] <Golfinos>
2. During an attack on this city, people crowded into the Church of the Tithes, only for the balcony to collapse, killing many. This was the most important city taken by Grand Duke Algirdas after the Battle of Blue Waters. The aforementioned Christian church was built after the people in this city were baptized and threw a statue of Perun into the river. This city was sacked in 1240, shortly after they killed Mongke's envoys, angering Batu Khan, and Sviatopolk the Accursed seized power in this city, probably by killing his three brothers. It was the capital of a state ruled by men like Vladimir I and Yaroslav the Wise, who were also princes of Novgorod. For 10 points, name this city that from 882 to 1240 served as the capital of the Rus (ROOS), and which currently is located in Ukraine.
ANSWER: Kiev <Cheyne>
3. When constructing the Born–Haber cycle for potassium chloride, the only exothermic steps in the cycle are the step corresponding to this value for chlorine, and the "lattice energy" step involving the condensation of gaseous ions into the lattice. Chemical hardness can be approximated by one-half the difference between ionization energy and this quantity. This value increases for elements from left to right across a period, but there are many anomalies; its values for nitrogen and beryllium are negative and thus smaller than for carbon and lithium due to a stability conferred by half-filled or filled orbitals. For 10 points, name this quantity equal to negative the standard molar enthalpy of electron gain for a gaseous monatomic element.
ANSWER: electron affinity [accept lattice energy or lattice enthalpy until read] <Pendyala>
4. This painting was completed with the help of the artist's brother Benedetto Caliari, who is shown inspecting a glass. No person in this painting is shown speaking, possibly alluding to the code of silence followed by its Benedictine commissioners. A digitally produced copy of this painting hangs in the refectory of San Giorgio Maggiore, where it was displayed before its seizure by Napoleon's army. The musicians at this painting's center are modeled on its artist and three Venetian contemporaries. This largest painting in the Louvre shows several real-life rulers, like Charles V and Suleiman the Magnificent, seated at banquet tables. For 10 points, name this painting by Paolo Veronese of the event where Jesus turned water into wine.
ANSWER: The Wedding at Cana [or The Wedding Feast at Cana] <Shimizu>
5. Two answers required. A Newsweek letter writer punningly suggested that we "Locke up" one of these men and give the other "Descartes blanche." In a 1971 speech, in explaining his lack of response to the other, one of these men recalled receiving a "55-page" missive "by someone I had never heard of." One of these men's students, Kenneth MacCorquodale, defended him from the other in a 1970 paper. The feud between these two men centered on the question of whether a certain skill is learned or innate, which arose after one of them wrote a scathing 1959 review for the journal Language that ripped into the other's book, Verbal Behavior; that review promoted cognitive psychology at the expense of behaviorism. For 10 points, name these two men, the psychologist author of Walden Two and the linguist author of Syntactic Structures.
ANSWER: Burrhus Frederic Skinner AND Avram Noam Chomsky [accept in either order] <Cheyne>
6. After being threatened with torture, a guard in this play asks a king whether his pain lies in his soul or in his ears. In this play, a man is accused of taking bribes after he recounts how birds screamed and clawed at each other so he could not make out their language. A chorus in this play declares, "Wonders are many, and none are more wonderful than man," prior to the arrest of the protagonist. In this play, Haemon lunges at his father then stabs himself after discovering his bride has hanged herself in a cave. This play's title character defies Creon's edict that no one shall give proper burial rites to her brother Polynices. For 10 points, name this Sophocles play about the daughter of Oedipus.
ANSWER: Antigone <Casalaspi>
7. A Prime Minister from this party raised eyebrows by giving peerages to those on the "Lavender List," including several businessmen thought to be corrupt. The alleged "Clockwork Orange" campaign was supposedly directed against a Prime Minister from this party, who, according to the book Spycatcher, was thought to be a foreign agent. A Welsh member of this party was the controversial Aneurin Bevan. An economist from it chaired the group that produced the Beveridge Report, leading to the eventual creation of the National Health Service under this party. For 10 points, Harold Wilson and Clement Attlee were members of what British political party, which took power from Winston Churchill's Conservatives in 1945?
ANSWER: Labour Party <Cheyne>
8. Myf5 and Mrf4 promote precursor differentiation into this tissue. Receptors in this tissue are the primary targets of pancuronium and other curare mimetics. Repair of this non-glial tissue depends on proliferation and fusion of its quiescent satellite cells to produce new multinucleated cells. End plate potentials induce ion release through RyR1, or ryanodine receptor type 1, at sites in this tissue. Nm-type nicotinic receptors in this tissue respond to A-c-h released at NMJs. Its slow-twitch fibers contain less sarcoplasmic reticulum than fast-twitch fibers, but are able to contract for longer periods. For 10 points, name this striated tissue that can be voluntarily controlled, unlike smooth and cardiac muscle.
ANSWER: skeletal muscle [prompt on muscle or striated muscle] <Smart>
9. In one film role, this actor's character is memorialized with the lines "He was some kind of man. What does it matter what you say about people?" That was a reference to this actor's role as corrupt cop Hank Quinlan. In another film role, this man's character notes that Switzerland's "five hundred years of democracy and peace" only produced the "cuckoo clock." That character of this actor refers to people below a ferris wheel as "dots" and is a criminal named Harry Lime. This man played antagonists in the films Touch of Evil and The Third Man. In an early film role, he plays a publisher based on William Randolph Hearst who enigmatically says the word "Rosebud" as he dies. For 10 points, name this man who played the title character in a 1941 film he also directed, Citizen Kane.
ANSWER: Orson Welles [or George Orson Welles] <Cheyne>
10. In this novel's 11th chapter, "The Arched Window," a character is horrified by the greed of an organ grinder's performing monkey. A laborer in this novel forces a young girl named Alice to walk through snow wearing just an evening gown, resulting in her death from pneumonia. Throughout this novel, its main characters tirelessly search for the deed to a huge claim of land in Maine. The daguerreotypist Holgrave recounts the history of this novel's central family, whose ancestor is afflicted with the curse "God will give him blood to drink" after hanging Matthew Maule. A portrait of that 17th-century judge haunts Phoebe and Hepzibah, who live in this novel's title structure. For 10 points, name this Gothic novel about the Pyncheon family, written by Nathaniel Hawthorne.
ANSWER: The House of the Seven Gables <Belal>
11. In 1950, Hilary Koprowski tested an early version of this thing at Letchworth Village. Basil O'Connor defended the use of a version of this thing by saying it went through unprecedented tests for safety. The contaminated production of this thing at Cutter Labs in 1955 resulted in five deaths. In 1956, Thomas Francis Jr. of the University of Michigan proclaimed the success of this thing in a broadcast funded by Eli Lilly and Company. An oral version of this thing was developed by Albert Sabin, who was opposed by the March of Dimes Foundation, which supported the work of another researcher. For 10 points, Jonas Salk developed the first effective form of what drug that prevented the spreading of an infectious disease that paralyzed many children?
ANSWER: polio vaccine [or poliomyelitis vaccine; accept any answers about something that prevents polio] <Cheyne>
12. The Laughlin wavefunction is used to study this effect for filling factors of one over an odd integer. Composite fermions were introduced to study this effect. It occurs when electrons are confined to two dimensions and very cold temperatures and when B-fields are strong enough that Landau levels become degenerate enough so that free electrons remain in only a few levels. This effect demonstrates the quantization of conductance in terms of e-squared over h, and it occurs in integer and fractional varieties. For 10 points, name this effect discovered by Klaus von Klitzing, which is analogous to an effect from classical electrodynamics in which a voltage is produced transverse to an electric current and an applied magnetic field.
ANSWER: quantum Hall effect [or fractional quantum Hall effect; or integer quantum Hall effect; prompt on Hall effect] <Overman>
13. A character with this name is tasked by the Devil to plow 60 acres in half a day, but is helped by the Devil's daughter and his future wife, Lilith. That character with this name returned to his homeland, but left behind a namesake "root" popular among hoodoo magic users. A legendary African prince who was sold as a slave in America but was renowned for his wit had this name and was known as the "Conqueror." This was the name of the descendant of the Three Magi whose kingdom was legendarily in places like India or Ethiopia. That ruler with this name was sought by Crusaders, who believed he would help them defeat Muslims. For 10 points, what name was held by a mythical Christian king with the title of "Prester"?
ANSWER: John [or John the Conqueror; or John de Conquer; or Prester John; prompt on Prester until read] <Cheyne>
14. Michael Reynolds was told to produce photographs of this event. On the morning of this event, a planned, multi-year performance art exhibition was set up at the Museum of the Moving Image by the team of Luke Turner, Nastja Sade Ronkko, and Shia LeBeouf. The Interior Department briefly shut down its Twitter account following this event amid accusations that its agencies were going rogue. The coining of the phrase "alternative facts" originated from discussions about this event. During it, a man defiantly said "from this day forward, it's going to be only America first!" Sean Spicer's assertion that this event featured the largest audience of its kind is almost certainly untrue. For 10 points, name this January 20, 2017, event that officially marked the beginning of the term of the 45th President of the United States.
ANSWER: the inauguration of Donald Trump <Cheyne>
15. In one of this man's poems, the aristocratic speaker notes, "It is so late that the dew soaks my gauze stockings" as she waits for her unfaithful lover. The speaker of another poem by this author observes that by the gate the different mosses have grown "too deep to clear them away," and that "the paired butterflies are already yellow with August." This author of "The Jewel Stairs' Grievance" wrote "Lifting my head, I watch the bright moon, lowering my head, I dream that I'm home" in his short poem "Quiet Night Thoughts." Ezra Pound translated two of this man's poems, including one he called "The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter." For 10 points, name this Tang dynasty poet who wrote "Drinking Alone by Moonlight."
ANSWER: Li Bai [or Li Bo; or Li Po; or Rihaku] <Casalaspi>
16. During the 2008 running of this event, many objected to the use of Randwick Racecourse in Sydney. Ramzi Yousef's Bojinka Plot intended to assassinate a leader during the 1995 iteration of this event, which featured millions crowded into Luneta Park. This event typically runs every three years and will take place in Panama in 2019. Its most recent iteration, in 2016, was held at Krakow, Poland. In 1995, this event featured five million attendees, a then-record for the largest number of people gathered for a religious event. Pope Benedict expressed dismay that this event was viewed as some sort of "rock festival." For 10 points, name this international event organized by the Catholic Church for young people of all nations.
ANSWER: World Youth Day [or WYD] <Cheyne>
17. A leader of this country reassured Europeans by saying its leaders were "sane, rational people even in our moments of anguish." A leader of this country sued former colleague Devan Nair for calling him a "self-righteous know-it-all." In the 1970s, it produced numerous posters telling parents to "stop at two" children. This country banned Wired magazine after a 1993 article by William Gibson calling it "Disneyland with the Death Penalty," and American Michael Fay faced a harsh penalty for committing vandalism here. Under the leadership of its first Prime Minister, Lee Kuan Yew, this country emphasized harsh corporal punishments, such as caning. For 10 points, name this country at the southern tip of the Malaysian peninsula.
ANSWER: Republic of Singapore <Cheyne>
18. This ensemble plays Johan de Meij's (YO-han de MAY's) "Lord of the Rings" Symphony. A six-movement piece for this ensemble includes movements called "Lord Melbourne" and "Rufford Park Poachers." Ralph Vaughan Williams quoted the folk songs "Dives and Lazarus" and "Seventeen Come Sunday" in the first movement of a suite for this ensemble. Percy Grainger composed Lincolnshire Posy for this ensemble. Gustav Holst originally composed his "Fantasia on the Dargason" for the second of his two suites for this ensemble, which are in E-flat and F. John Philip Sousa led this type of ensemble, for which he composed marches like "The Stars and Stripes Forever." For 10 points, name this type of large ensemble that generally does not have a string section.
ANSWER: concert band [or military band; or symphonic band; or marching band; or wind band; or wind ensemble] <Magin>
19. A man in this play who was interrupted while trying to kill an animal claims to have exterminated only half of a rat. A character in this play repeatedly asks for his dog, which culminates in his companion taking a toy dog and using it to strike him in the head. At the start of this play, a character pulls back the curtains to reveal a window that faces the sea and a window that faces the land. Two characters in this play lament their inability to kiss because they are buried in dirt, have no mobility, and live in dustbins. This play's two main characters, one of whom cannot sit and the other of whom cannot stand, are named Hamm and Clov. For 10 points, name this Samuel Beckett play whose title refers to the final part of a chess match.
ANSWER: Endgame [or Fin de partie] <Droge>
20. This body contains a so-called "mountain in a moat" whose origin is unknown. This body's large system of northwest–southeast canyons includes Macross Chasma (KAZ-muh) and Serenity Chasma, in addition to Tardis Chasma, which bisects Gallifrey Macula. In 2016, scientists announced that a large dark area informally known as "Mordor" near the north pole of this body contains a cap composed of organic macromolecules called tholins, which are believed to have been formed by the reaction of compounds transferred to this body by its parent body, with which it is gravitationally locked. This moon is almost half the size of its parent body, and the two orbit their mutual barycenter, which was one reason that this moon's parent body was stripped of planet status. For 10 points, identify this largest moon of Pluto.
ANSWER: Charon <Thompson>
21. The Berezinian is an operation acting on the "super" form of these things. In representation theory, these objects are used in correspondence with group elements. The symplectic group is defined with these objects as its elements, as is the general linear group. In multivariable calculus, one of these objects is used in an analogue to the second derivative test, while another is used to evaluate integrals after a change of basis; those examples are the Hessian and Jacobian. Elementary operations can be used to put these objects in reduced row echelon form. Formulas derived from cofactor expansion, such as a times d minus b times c, compute these objects' determinants. For 10 points, identify these two-dimensional arrays of numbers.
ANSWER: matrices [or matrix] <Thompson>