Multiple Choice Review- Eukaryotic Gene Expression

1.  Which of the following is the “Central Dogma” of cell biology?

  1. DNA – Nucleic Acid – Protein – Amino Acid
  2. Prokaryote – Bacteria - Eukaryote
  3. Atom – Molecule - Organelle
  4. DNA – RNA - Protein

2.  A gene is

  1. A sequence of DNA that codes for a protein.
  2. A sequence of amino acids that codes for a protein.
  3. A sequence of codons that code for nucleic acids.
  4. The end product of transcription and translation.

3.  The process of producing a protein from a specific sequence of nucleic acid is known as

  1. Gene sequencing
  2. Gene expression
  3. Gene splicing
  4. Gene transduction

4.  All of the cells in a eukaryotic organism (with the exception of reproductive cells)

  1. Contain the same genome
  2. Express the same genes
  3. Produce the same transcription factors
  4. Both B and C

5.  In eukaryotic organisms, gene expression is complex and highly regulated because

  1. Eukaryotic organisms contain many different types of specialized cells that perform a variety of functions.
  2. Different types of cells have to work together and must be able to respond to intercellular chemical signals.
  3. Eukaryotes have more complex chromosomes that require multiple levels of regulation.
  4. All of the above

6.  The process by which DNA directs protein synthesis includes which of the following

  1. Replication
  2. Transcription
  3. Translation
  4. Both B and C

7.  Transcription and translation occur in

  1. Prokaryotes only
  2. Eukaryotes only
  3. Both Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
  4. Bacteria only

8.  Which of the following molecules is NOT involved in RNA transcription?

  1. DNA
  2. mRNA
  3. RNA Polymerase
  4. tRNA

9.  In eukaryotes, RNA transcription takes place in the

  1. Nucleus
  2. Cytoplasm
  3. Ribosome
  4. Golgi Apparatus

10.  In prokaryotes and eukaryotes where does translation take place?

a.  Nucleus

b.  Chloroplast

c.  Ribosomes

d.  Golgi Apparatus

11.  A codon is a 3 base sequence of DNA or mRNA that codes for a specific

  1. RNA molecule
  2. Ribosome
  3. Nucleic Acid
  4. Amino Acid

12.  Amino acids bond together in a chain to form

  1. a monomer
  2. a lipid molecule
  3. a protein molecule
  4. a carbohydrate molecule

13.  Proteins have a variety of functions including

  1. immune function
  2. structural support
  3. enzymatic activity
  4. all of the above

14.  In eukaryotes, DNA is packaged into a structure called

  1. Chitin
  2. Chromatin
  3. Ribozymes
  4. Nuclear pores

15.  In order for RNA transcription to occur in eukaryotic cells

  1. 5’ caps and 3’ poly A tails must be added to the molecule
  2. a repressor must be removed from the operator sequence
  3. the gene that is being transcribed must be unpacked from the chromatin
  4. the entire genome must be exposed to DNA polymerase

16.  Transcription factors

  1. Are proteins that bind to a DNA sequence near the promoter region
  2. Help regulate which genes are expressed
  3. Are involved in post-transcriptional gene regulation
  4. All of the above
  5. A and B only

17.  During pre-mRNA modification, what is added to the 3’ end of a pre-mRNA molecule

  1. A modified guanine cap
  2. A poly A tail
  3. An intronic segment
  4. A DNA analog

18.  The noncoding regions of genes are called

  1. chromatin
  2. exons
  3. introns
  4. extrons

19.  RNA splicing

  1. Removes exons and joins introns
  2. Removes introns and joins exons
  3. Removes 3’ poly A tails and 5’ caps
  4. Removes codons and joins noncoding regions

20.  Which of the following allows the same gene sequence to code for different proteins?

  1. Chromatin modifying enzymes exposing different areas of the genome
  2. Redundancy in the genetic code
  3. Removal of replicons from the transcript
  4. Alternative RNA splicing

21.  As the final mRNA product leaves the nucleus to go to the cytoplasm for translation it must pass through

a.  A semi-permeable cell membrane

b.  A protein vesicle

c.  The Endoplasmic Reticulum

d.  The nuclear pore

22.  The nuclear pore helps regulates gene expression by

  1. Ensuring only mRNA’s with 5’ caps and 3’ poly-A tails enter the cytoplasm
  2. Allowing unmodified preRNA to exit the nucleus
  3. Preventing genetic information from leaving the nucleus
  4. Regulating the transcription of DNA

23.  Once an mRNA molecule enters the cytoplasm

  1. It remains in the cytoplasm indefinitely
  2. It is modified by removal of introns
  3. It can be translated by ribosomes
  4. It must be sent to the Endoplasmic Reticulum for labeling

24.  When mRNA is no longer needed to make proteins

  1. It returns to the nucleus through the nuclear pore
  2. It is converted into rRNA
  3. It is broken down by hydrolytic enzymes
  4. It remains in the cytoplasm indefinitely

25.  A protein is synthesized in the cytoplasm and transported to the plasma membrane. Which of the following summarizes the protein’s pathway in the cell?

a.  Smooth endoplasmic reticulum à Golgi apparatus àvesicle à plasma membrane

b.  Nucleus à vesicle à rough endoplasmic reticulumàplasma membrane

c.  Smooth endoplasmic reticulumà nucleus àvesicle àplasma membrane

d.  Rough endoplasmic reticulumàGolgi apparatusàvesicle àplasma membrane

26.  The endoplasmic reticulum can label proteins with a carbohydrate molecule that signals

  1. the gene sequence of the protein
  2. when a protein will be broken down
  3. the secondary structure of the protein
  4. cell specialization

27.  If a protein is no longer in use or is damaged

  1. It may be broken down by hydrolytic enzymes
  2. It will most likely cause cell death
  3. It undergoes reverse synthesis
  4. It will remain in the cell indefinitely

28.  A permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene is called a

  1. replication
  2. transformation
  3. mutation
  4. perforation

29.  A mutagen is a

  1. mutated cell
  2. physical or chemical agent that can change the DNA of an organism
  3. nonfunctioning gene
  4. mutation that alters the reading frame of a gene

30.  Which of the following are examples of mutagens?

  1. Ionizing radiation
  2. Harmful chemicals
  3. UV rays
  4. All of the above

31.  An insertion or deletion of a nucleotide base in a gene sequence can cause a

  1. frameshift mutation
  2. substitution mutation
  3. transformational mutation
  4. subliminal mutation

32.  Almost 90% of the DNA in humans

  1. Codes for proteins
  2. Contains exons
  3. Is termed junk DNA because it does not code for proteins
  4. Is altered by pre-mRNA processing

33.  Which of the following would most likely result in a silent mutation?

  1. A mutation that changes the codon but does not alter the amino acid sequence
  2. A mutation in junk DNA
  3. A mutation in an exon
  4. A and B only

34.  When would a mutation be considered beneficial?

a.  When it is silent

b.  When it occurs spontaneously

c.  When it gives an individual a survival advantage

d.  When its phenotypic effect is masked

35.  A mutation in the region of DNA that binds to a transcription factor would most likely directly affect

  1. DNA replication
  2. RNA transcription
  3. RNA splicing
  4. Translation

Answers

1.  d

2.  a

3.  b

4.  a

5.  d

6.  d

7.  c

8.  d

9.  a

10.  c

11.  d

12.  c

13.  d

14.  b

15.  c

16.  e

17.  b

18.  c

19.  b

20.  d

21.  d

22.  a

23.  c

24.  c

25.  d

26.  b

27.  a

28.  c

29.  b

30.  d

31.  a

32.  c

33.  d

34.  c

35.  b