Multi-Focal Area Enabling Activity

MULTI-FOCAL AREA ENABLING ACTIVITY

Proposal for GEF Funding for National Capacity Needs Self-Assessment for Global Environmental Management (NCSA)

GEFSEC Project ID: 2538

Country: Tanzania

Country Eligibility: Conventions ratified

Project Title: Tanzania NCSA

GEF Implementing Agency: UNDP

National Executing Agency: The Vice President’s Office – Division of Environment

Duration: 18 Months

GEF Focal Area: Multiple

GEF Operational Program:

GEF Strategic Priority: EA

Estimated Starting Date: August 2005

IA Fee: $20,205

Record OF ENDORSEMENT on behalf of the Government (Operational Focal Point):

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Project Title: National Capacity Self-Assessment (NCSA) for Global Environmental Management

Table of Contents

Table of Contents i

ACRONYMS and Abbreviation ii

1.0 BACKGROUND, CONTEXT AND RELATED WORK 5

1.1 Environment Context 5

1.2 Social, Economic, Political and Policy Contexts 6

1.3 The Baseline 16

2.0 OBJECTIVES AND LINKAGES TO ONGOING ACTIVITIES 25

2.1 Objectives and Key Deliverables 25

3.0 PROJECT ACTIVITIES 27

3.1 OUTPUT 1: FUNCTIONAL MANAGEMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK FOR NCSA ESTABLISHED 27

3.2 OUTPUT 2: CAPACITY NEEDS AND PRIORITY AREAS IDENTIFIED 27

3.3 OUTPUT 3: SYNERGIES AND CROSS CUTTING ISSUES NATION WIDE ASSESSED 28

3.4 OUTPUT 4: NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT PRODUCED 29

3.5 OUTPUT 5: NCSA ACTION PLAN IN PLACE 30

3.6 OUTPUT 6: LAUNCH, IMPLEMENTATION, MONITORING AND EVALUATION 31

4.0 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK AND PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION 32

5.0 TIMETABLE 35

References 39

Annexes 42

ACRONYMS and Abbreviation

ACP African, Caribbean and Pacific

AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

CARMATEC Centre of Agricultural Mechanization and Rural Technology

CBD Convention on Biological Diversity

CBNRM Community Based Natural Resource Management

CBOs Community Based Organizations

CEEST Centre for Energy, Environment, Science and Technology

CFC Chlorofluorocarbon

CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species

COSTECH Commission of Science and Technology

CSD Commission on Sustainable Development

CSOs Civil Society Organizations

DOE Division of Environment

DMCs Drought Management Centres

EAC East African Community

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

EPMS Environmental Protection and Management Services

ESRF Economic and Social Research Foundation

ERB Economic Research Bureau

EU European Union

FAO Food and Agriculture Organization

GDP Gross Domestic Product

GEF Global Environment Facility

GHG Green-house Gases

GMO Genetically Modified Organisms

GTZ German Agency for Technical Cooperation

HDI Human Development Index

HIV Human Immune-deficiency Virus

IDA International Development Association

ILFEMP Institutional and Legal Framework for Environmental Management Project

IFMS Integrated Financial Management System

IPI Institute of Production Innovation

IRA Institute of Resource Assessment

JET Journalist Environmental Association of Tanzania

JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency

LEAT Lawyer’s Environmental Action Team

LGRP Local Government Reform Programme

LVEMP Lake Victoria Environmental Management Project

MAFS Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security

MDGs Millennium Development Goals

MEM Ministry of Energy and Minerals

MNRT Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism

MoF Ministry of Finance

MTEF Medium Term Expenditure Framework

MWLD Ministry of Water and Livestock Development

NAPA National Adaptation Programme of Action

NAP National Action Programme to Combat Desertification

NBSAP National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan

NCSA National Capacity Self-Assessment

NEAP National Environment Action Plan

NEMC National Environmental Management Council

NEP National Environmental Policy

NEPAD New Economic Partnership for Africa’s Development

NGOs Non-Governmental Organizations

NPES National Poverty Eradication Strategy

NSC National Steering Committee

NTAG National Technical Advisory Group

ODS Ozone Depleting Substances

PERM Participatory Environment and Resources Management Project

PER Public Expenditure Review

PHDR Poverty and Human Development Report

PMS Poverty Monitoring System

PO-PP President’s Office – Planning and Privatization

PORALG President’s Office Regional Administration and Local Government

PRG Peer review Group

PRS Poverty Reduction Strategy

PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper

SADC Southern African Development Community

SMEs Small and Micro Enterprises

SUA Sokoine University of Agriculture

SWAPs Sector Wide Approaches

TAG Technical Advisory Group

TAS Tanzania Assistance Strategy

TaTEDO Tanzania Traditional Energy Development Organisation

TAWIRI Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute

TIRDO Tanzania Industrial Research Development Organization

TNBC Tanzania National Business Council

TPRI Tanzania Pests Research Institute

TPSF Tanzania Private Sector Foundation

TRCHS Tanzania Reproductive and Child Health Survey

TWCS Tanzania Wildlife Conservation Society

UDSM University of Dar es Salaam

UN United Nations

UNCCD United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification

UNDP United Nations Development Programme

UNEP United Nations Environment Programme

UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organisation

UNOCDD United Nations Office to Combat Desertification and Drought

URT United Republic of Tanzania

NFP National Forestry Policy

USAID United States Agency for International Development

VPO Vice President’s Office

WSSD World summit on Sustainable Development

WTO World Trade Organization

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Project Title: National Capacity Self-Assessment (NCSA) for Global Environmental Management

1.0 BACKGROUND, CONTEXT AND RELATED WORK

1.1 Environment Context

1.  Tanzania is located in eastern part of Africa between longitude 290 and 410 East and between Latitude 10 and 120 South. Tanzania mainland eastern border is the Indian Ocean with a coastline length of 800km. It shares borders with Kenya and Uganda in the north, Rwanda, Burundi and Democratic Republic of Congo in the west, Zambia and Malawi in the southwest, and Mozambique in the south. Tanzania is the largest country in East Africa. Tanzania has a total area of 945,000 square kilometres, of which the land surface for Mainland Tanzania is 881,000 square kilometres while Zanzibar Islands occupies 2,000 square kilometres. The inland water surface covers a total of 62,000 square kilometres.

2.  The landscape of the country is divided into four physiographic regions that include the Islands and Coastal plains of the East; the extensive inland saucer-shaped plateau, the highlands in the north and south, and the Great Rift Valley. With the exception of the coastal plains, most parts of the country lie 1,000 metres above sea level.

3.  The country has diverse climatic conditions ranging from arid, semi-arid, humid and per humid. The country experiences two rainfall regimes. The mean rainfall vary from below 500mm to above 2500mm annually. (URT, 2003). Tanzania is blessed with a number of lakes and rivers. Over a half of the inland water surface is covered by lake Victoria (35,000 square kilometres), Lake Tanganyika, Lake Nyasa, Rukwa, Lake Eyasi and others cover the remaining inland water surface (ESRF 2002). The major problems are pollution particularly from toxic products from industrial and mining wastes, and decline in water flow resulting from droughts experienced in recent, years and inadequate management of water catchment areas.

4.  Forests and woodlands are estimated to occupy about 33.5 million hectares. Out of this total two thirds consists of woodlands on public lands. Public lands are under enormous pressure from expansion of agricultural activities, livestock grazing, fires and other human activities. Some 13 million hectares of the forest area have been gazetted as forest reserves. Over 80,000 hectares of the gazetted area is under plantation forestry and about 1.6 million hectares are closed evergreen forests under catchment management (URT, National Forest Policy 1998).

5.  Tanzania’s priority environmental concerns have been identified in the National Environmental Policy of 1997. They include:-land degradation and deforestation; lack of accessible water supply and deteriorating water quality; environmental pollution; deterioration of aquatic systems; and loss of wildlife habitats and biodiversity. Deforestation is estimated to range between 130,000 to 500,000 hectares[1] annually where forests and grassland of potential ecological value are destroyed through unplanned forest clearance for agriculture, forest fires, and other non-sustainable forest resource uses (National Forest Policy, 1998). The major effect of deforestation is the deterioration of the ecological system with resulting negative impacts on soil fertility, water flows, and biological diversity. Effluent from both point and non-point sources continue to pollute the ocean, lakes and rivers, thus making water unfit for human consumption and destroying the aquatic habitats. Soil erosion is common to many parts of the country. The main contributing factors being overstocking and shifting cultivation and concentration of populations in limited geographical areas. (URT, 1999).

1.2 Social, Economic, Political and Policy Contexts

1.2.1 Tanzania’s Society

6.  Tanzania population is 34.5 million people with a national annual growth rate of 2.9%. Tanzania has a larger proportion of its population in the younger age groups than in the older age groups (TRCHS, 1999)[2]. The pace of population growth rate is expected to slow down due to the effects of HIV/AIDS pandemic. The current levels of population growth will continue to increase demand for natural resources. Based on the 2002 Population and Housing Census Report, population density stands at 38 persons per square kilometer in Tanzania Mainland and 400 persons per square kilometer in Zanzibar.

7.  Tanzania is a Least Developed Country with a low Human Development Index (HDI) standing at 0.400.This is lower than that of other East African Countries - Kenya and Uganda which both have HDI 0.489 (UNDP, 2003)[3]. Tanzania’s efforts to reduce poverty over the last ten years have not produced significant results and poverty is currently perverse. About 36 percent of Tanzanians fell below the basic needs poverty line and 19 percent below the food poverty line in 2000/01. Poverty is high in rural areas, where 39 percent of the population falls below the basic needs poverty line. Poverty issues, limits access by the poor to environmentally friendly technology options including productive use of land and natural resources.

1.2.2 Tanzania’s Economy

8.  The Gross Domestic Product per capita in Tanzania remains low compared to Uganda and Kenya. Tanzania’s economy is classified as low growing economy with GDP per capita standing at USD 256 (Economic Survey, 2002). Economic reforms implemented since mid 1990s have contributed to significant growth in the Gross Domestic Product from a low or negative growth rates the 1980s to a high rate of 6.2 per cent in 2002. Increased investments from a liberalized economy will bear on the use and allocation of natural resources and environment.

The economy is largely dependent on agriculture, which contributes about 50% of GDP and, provides about 75 per cent of Tanzania’s foreign exchange earnings (PER-MAFS, 1999). It also employs about 84% of the workforce. The sector is the major source of food, provides raw materials for the industrial sector and is a major market of industrial goods (URT, 2000). Despite high dependency on agriculture, the gross area cultivated/planted annually is only about 5 per cent (about 5.1 million ha) of the total surface areas. The other arable land (10 million hectares) is used as pasture.

9.  Manufacturing is limited to processing of agricultural products and production of light consumer goods. The sector’s contribution to GDP to GDP between 1997 and 2002 averaged 5.7 percent. Over the recent years there has been a pronounced growth of the sector following rehabilitation of privatized industries expansion of mining and increased production. The real growth of the sector was 8 percent in 2002 compared to 5 per cent in 2001 (Economic Survey, 2002).

1.2.3 Tanzania’s Political System

10.  The Government of the United Republic of Tanzania is a union between two countries Tanganyika and Zanzibar. Central government is made up of the Ministries, Agencies and Departments and coordinates its activities in a decentralized manner through Regional and District and local government authorities. Tanzania has an elected system of local government and administration.

1.2.4 Policy Context

1.2.4.1 National Policies and Strategies

11.  Over the recent years the government of Tanzania has strengthened its policy-enabling environment through preparation of long, medium and short-term policies and public expenditure frameworks. The major policy frameworks, which were generated through participatory processes involving wider consultation between the government and wider stakeholders, include in their objectives issues of sustainable environmental management. The National Development Vision 2025 is a long-term development strategy that defines the overall level of development the country wants to achieve by the year 2025 for Mainland Tanzania. The major goal of the National Development Vision is to have High quality livelihood; peace, stability and unity, good governance, as well as educated and learning society; and a competitive economy capable of producing sustainable growth and shared benefits by the year 2025. in order to achieve the goals, capacity building as a continuous process need to be built at all levels and for all prayers.

12.  The National Poverty Eradication Strategy (NPES), is a medium term strategy, which sets a wide range of more specific poverty reduction targets. Its overall aim is to reduce abject poverty by 50 per cent by 2010 and eliminate abject poverty altogether in Tanzania by the year 2025. The PRS is a short-term strategy that operationalises the Vision 2025 and NPES. It provides a link between growth and poverty reduction. Within the PRS, environment has been identified as one of the cross cutting issues together with governance and HIV/AIDS. Efforts are underway to mainstream environment into PRS by including environment specific indicators into core poverty monitoring indicators in the second round of the PRS. Twin processes of the Medium Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF) and the Public Expenditure Review (PER) are supporting the implementation of PRS. Through the MTEF the government aligns public expenditure to priority targets for alleviating poverty as specified in the PRS. The PER supports the PRS through tracking the efficiency and effectiveness utilization of public expenditure (ESRF, 2002). Recently, the PER working Group for Environment has been formed.