Chapter 19 – Animal DiversityName:
Characteristics of Animals:
Eukaryotic
Multicellular (eliminates the protists)
Moveable (at least one time in its life cycle)
______that ingest their food within their bodies after ingesting organisms, dead or alive, whole or by the piece.
Animal cells lack ______that provide support to plants and fungi.
Animals are held together by ______proteins.
Most have ______cells for movement and ______cells for conducting impulses.
Most animals are ______and reproduce ______.
Egg and sperm are the only ______cells. (Ants, bees, and wasps have some males that develop from unfertilized eggs that are ______)
Sperm and egg join to form a ______.
The ______develops into a multicellular ______.
The ______divides repeatedly in half until there is a ball of cells called a ______.
One side of the ball of cells folds inwards forming a ______.
If the ______becomes an ______, the animal is a ______(echinoderms and chordates). A mouth develops from a second opening later.
If the ______becomes a ______, the animal is a ______.
Larva:
After ______, many animals develop directly into ______.
Others develop into one or more ______stages first.
Larva undergo ______(major body change) in developing into a______reproducing adult.
Animals have been around for roughly a ______years. The fossil record shows a giant explosion of animal diversity in the Cambrian era (approx. 542 million years ago).
Phylogeny:
The ______history of animals (where they come from).
The phylum’s are on the far right of the drawing below.
The branch points indicate a common ______between the two ______.
Animal body plans vary in ______, ______, and number of ______layers.
First branch: ______tissues or ___ true tissues.
If there are no true tissues, then the animal is a ______.
If there are true tissues, then the animal is a ______.
Radial Symmetry
Example: Sea Anemone
No matter where you cut through it, it will be the same on either side. Example: ______.
The animal has a top and a bottom but lacks ______and ______or right and left sides.
Radial animals are ______or passive drifting.
These animals have ______-image right and left sides, a ______head and tail, and a back (______) and belly (______) surface.
They also have a brain, sense organs and ______located in the head.
Facilitates mobility; the animals meets its ______head-first.
What does the gastrula become?
If the gastrula becomes an anus, the animal is a deuterostome.
If the gastrula becomes a mouth, the animal is a protostome.
Tissues
Outer Layer – ______
These are the outer coverings that become your skin or in some organisms becomes ______and the ______
Endoderm
The endoderm is in the ______and becomes the linings of the ______.
Mesoderm
The mesoderm becomes the ______and ______.
Animals’ body plans vary in organization of ______.
Phylum Porifera means “pores” Porifera– Sponges
Sponges lack ______tissues.
In other animals, cell layers formed during ______give rise to ______and ______.
Some animals have only ______and ______, but most animals also have ______.
Cnidarians – ______Animals– (Sea Anemones & Jelly Fish)
Sea anemone – ______up and are fixed on the bottom
“hydra” stage
Tentacles containing “______cells.”
In the jellies, the tentacles are facing ______.
They have a mouth that also serves as an ______.
Also have ______cells.
Called the “______stage.”
Body cavities of animals vary.
Flatworms
Example: ______
Have simple ______.
Mouth is located on their ______.
Can cut their ______in half and it will generate two ______.
Example: ______
Tapeworm parasites are found in _____ and ______and other animals.
Tapeworm infections in humans are caused by eating ______or ______infected meat.
The tapeworm larva develops in the human ______and can grow up to _____ feet.
Scolex on the ______end to attach to their host.
They do not have a “_____” digestive system.
They absorb nutrients through their flat-bodied _____.
Nematode: Nematode Worms
Longitudinal ______
Over ______species, many are parasitic.
They have a ______digestive system.
Example: ______in dogs.
Nematodes ______on Humans:
Ascarids (______)
______
Pinworms
Molluscs:
All have a ______foot.
All have a ______mass containing most of the internal organs.
Their ______may secrete a shell to enclose the visceral mass.
Gastropods – ______groups of mollusks and include ______and ______.
Most snails are protected by a single, _____ shell.
In land snails, the lining of the mantle cavity functions as a ______.
Slugs have lost their ______and shell and have long colorful projections that function as _____.
Bivalves
Shells divided into ______that are hinged together.
Examples: clams, ______, mussels, and ______
Most are ______suspension feeders.
Cephalopods
Octopi, squid, ______.
Means “______”
They are found in all oceans and cannot live in ______.
Agile predators!
Large ______
______-like jaws
Annelids – ______Worms
______parts – segments
Example: ______and leeches
They have a ______circulatory system.
Arthropods
Over a ______species.
Crayfish, ______, crabs, spiders, ______, and insects.
Success is due to segmentation, a ______skeleton, and ______appendages
Insects - Most ______of all animals!
More than a ______species of insects have been identified.
Many can ______.
______coating on the cuticle.