Monomer + Monomer + Monomer Etc. Àpolymer + Water Is Condensation, Reverse Is Hydrolysis
Topic 3.2 Review
“monomer + monomer + monomer etc. àpolymer + water” is condensation, reverse is hydrolysis
Carbs:
(General) Monosaccharides àDisaccharides à polysaccharides – function in which organisms
(simple sugars) (complex carbohydrates)
(Examples) glucose sucrose (cane) starch (plant) – storage
ribose lactose (milk) cellulose (plant) – structure
glycogen (animal) – storage
chitin (animal) – structure (exoskeletons)
· -OH is lost from one sugar and –H from another, water is formed
· glycosidic bond between the sugars (covalent)
Proteins:
(General) amino acids à dipeptides à polypeptides
· 20 specific amino acids exist in nature
· -H is lost from amino group, -OH is lost from carboxylic acid group, water is formed
· amino acids are linked by peptide bond (covalent)
Proteins and their functions (named examples)
· enzymes (protease) G*
· transport (hemoglobin) G*
· hormone (insulin) G*
· immune protection (antibodies) G*
· structure (collagen in connective tissue, elastin in skin, keratin in hair & nails) F*
(* refers to the fibrous vs. globular nature of the finished protein – see topic 7.5)
Lipids (fats):
(General) glycerol + 3 fatty acids à triglyceride
· 3 –H’s are lost from the glycerol, 1 –OH is lost from each fatty acid, water is made,
· ester bond (covalent)
· if you trade one fatty acid for a phosphate group (PO4-2), you get a phospholipid (as we studied in the plasma membrane)
Lipids and their functions (named examples)
· Energy (much more than protein or carbs) (oils and fats, including triglycerides)
· Thermal insulation (fat tissue)
· Buoyancy (fat tissue)
· Hormones (testosterone, estrogen “steroid hormones”)
· Solvent (for fat-soluble vitamins)
· Plasma membrane bilayer (phospholipid)
· Speeds up nerve message (myelin)
Be able to recognize (and draw the amino acid) the following organic molecules (carbon containing, from living things…carbon-carbon bonds)
