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Modern Management, 11e (Certo / Certo)
Chapter 2 Managing: History and Current Thinking
1) The scientific management approach to management emphasizes the "one best way" to perform a task.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 31
Topic: The Classical Approach
2) The classical approach to management was the product of the first concentrated effort to develop a body of management thought.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref : 31
Topic: The Classical Approach
3) The classical approach to management can be divided into a lower-level analysis and an upper-level analysis.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3 Page Ref : 31
Topic: The Classical Approach
4) The lower-level analysis portion of the classical approach concerns the management function as a whole.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref : 31
Topic: The Classical Approach
5) Frank Gilbreth is known as "the father of scientific management."
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref : 32
Topic: Lower-Level Management Analysis
6) The primary goal of Frederick Taylor was to increase worker efficiency by scientifically designing jobs.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref : 32
Topic: Lower-Level Management Analysis
7) Frederick Taylor modified the job of employees whose sole responsibility was shoveling materials at Bethlehem Steel Company.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref : 32
Topic: Frederick W. Taylor
8) The primary investigative tool used in the Gilbreths' research was motion study.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref : 33
Topic: Lower-Level Management Analysis
9) Henry Gantt developed the scheduling tool most commonly used by modern managers.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref : 35
Topic: Scheduling Innovation
10) Taylor was more aware of the human side of production than either Gantt or the Gilbreths.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref : 35
Topic: Lower-Level Management Analysis
11) Gantt pioneered a piece-rate system under which workers were paid according to the amount they produced.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3 Page Ref : 35
Topic: Rewarding Innovation
12) Gantt's favored compensation system incorporated a piece-rate system and a bonus system.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 36
Topic: Rewarding Innovation
13) The comprehensive analysis of management is an expansion on scientific management.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref : 36
Topic: Comprehensive Analysis of Management
14) Scientific management theories are concerned with the entire range of managerial performance.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref : 36
Topic: Comprehensive Analysis of Management
15) Henri Fayol is regarded as the pioneer of administrative theory.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref : 36
Topic: Comprehensive Analysis of Management
16) Fayol's general principles of management emphasize three areas: organizational efficiency, the handling of people, and appropriate management action.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3 Page Ref : 37
Topic: Henri Fayol
17) A common criticism of the classical approach is that it does NOT adequately emphasize human variables.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 37
Topic: Limitations of the Classical Approach
18) Douglas McGregor emphasized a management philosophy built upon the views that people can be self-directed and accept responsibility.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 39
Topic: The Human Relations Movement
19) The Hawthorne Studies demonstrated the direct relationship between workplace lighting and worker productivity.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 37
Topic: The Hawthorne Studies
20) The Hawthorne Studies were named after the main researchers responsible for the study.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref : 37
Topic: The Hawthorne Studies
21) The bank wiring observation room experiment portion of the Hawthorne studies had a scientific management orientation.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3 Page Ref : 37
Topic: The Hawthorne Studies
22) The behavioral approach to management emphasizes increasing production through an understanding of people.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 37
Topic: The Behavioral Approach
23) Some modern researchers seem to believe that Fayol's work has not received as much acclaim as it deserves.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 37
Topic: Henri Fayol
24) According to Fayol, the belief that management should encourage harmony and general good feelings among employees is known as 'espirit de corps.'
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref : 37
Topic: Henri Fayol
25) The human relations movement is a people-oriented approach to management in which the interaction of people in organizations is studied to judge its impact on organizational success.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref : 38
Topic: The Human Relations Movement
26) The management science approach to management emphasizes increasing production through an understanding of people.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref : 40
Topic: The Beginning of the Management Science Approach
27) The management science approach emphasizes the use of the scientific method and mathematical techniques to solve operational problems.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref : 40
Topic: The Beginning of the Management Science Approach
28) Management science techniques are normally applied to management problems that are fairly simple and straightforward.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 40
Topic: The Beginning of the Management Science Approach
29) The management science approach began during the Korean War.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref : 40
Topic: The Beginning of the Management Science Approach
30) Contingency management is similar to scientific management in that both are based on the premise that there is one "best way" to solve management problems.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3 Page Ref : 41
Topic: The Contingency Approach
31) The basic challenge of the contingency management approach is the ability to choose the management tactics that are best suited to the situation.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref : 41
Topic: The Contingency Approach
32) The contingency approach to management emphasizes that what managers do in practice depends on a given set of circumstances or situations.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref : 41
Topic: The Contingency Approach
33) In order to successfully utilize contingency management concepts and tactics, managers must first consider the realities of the specific organizational circumstances they face.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 42
Topic: The Contingency Approach
34) A plant is an example of an open system.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref : 42
Topic: The System Approach
35) A number of interdependent parts functioning independently of each other are a system.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 42
Topic: The System Approach
36) An open system is one that is influenced by and continually interacting with its environment.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref : 42
Topic: Types of Systems
37) Today's modern organization can be considered a closed system.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3 Page Ref : 43
Topic: The Management System
38) The management system is a closed system.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref : 43
Topic: The Management System
39) Suppliers have very little if any influence on the management system.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 43
Topic: The Management System
40) The information used to discuss the management system is generally derived from the classical, behavioral, and management science schools of thought.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 43
Topic: Information for Management System Analysis
41) An organization that does well in creating, acquiring, and transferring knowledge, and in modifying behavior to reflect new knowledge represents the traditional management paradigm.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3 Page Ref : 44
Topic: Learning Organization: A New Approach
42) The only factors involved in building a learning organization are to challenge mental models, team learning, and personal mastery.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3 Page Ref : 45
Topic: Learning Organization: A New Approach
43) The first concentrated effort to develop a body of management thought was:
A) the behavioral approach
B) administrative management
C) the classical approach
D) systems approach
E) the Taylor approach
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref : 31
Topic: The Classical Approach
44) Which approach to management emphasizes organizational efficiency to increase organizational success?
A) management science approach
B) classical approach
C) behavioral approach
D) systems approach
E) the quality approach
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 31
Topic: The Classical Approach
45) The classical approach to management can be broken down into:
A) three distinct areas: lower-level analysis, middle-level analysis, and top-level analysis
B) lower-level management analysis and top-level management analysis
C) beginning and advanced management analysis
D) Grant analysis and scientific management
E) lower-level management analysis and comprehensive analysis
Answer: E
Diff: 3 Page Ref : 31
Topic: The Classical Approach
46) Which of the following researchers would NOT be considered a major contributor to the classical approach to management?
A) Abraham Maslow
B) Frederick Taylor
C) Frank Gilbreth
D) Lillian Gilbreth
E) Henry Fayol
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 31
Topic: The Classical Approach
47) Scientific management can be broken down into two distinct areas. Which of the following researchers would NOT be considered a major contributor to the lower-level management analysis area of scientific management?
A) Frederick Taylor
B) Frank Gilbreth
C) Henry Gantt
D) Henri Fayol
E) Lillian Gilbreth
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Page Ref : 31
Topic: Lower-Level Management Analysis
48) The process of finding the "one best way" to perform a task is called:
A) scientific management
B) management science
C) behavioral approach
D) the comprehensive analysis of management
E) the human relations movement
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref : 31
Topic: The Classical Approach
49) "The Father of Scientific Management" is:
A) Frank Gilbreth
B) Frederick Taylor
C) Henry Gantt
D) Elton Mayo
E) Henry Fayol
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref : 32
Topic: Lower-Level Management Analysis
50) Demi is in the process of establishing job performance standards for her department. In order to do so she has identified the most basic movements possible for each job. She is following and utilizing the contributions of:
A) Frederick Taylor
B) Henri Fayol
C) Frank Gilbreth
D) upper-level management
E) Henry Gannt
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Page Ref : 33
Topic: Frank Gilbreth
51) The primary investigation tool of Frank and Lillian Gilbreth was:
A) Motion study
B) Time study
C) Comparative Analysis
D) Workplace politics
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 33
Topic: Frank Gilbreth
52) According to the Gilbreths, which of the following would NOT be considered a 'worker variable'?
A) Health
B) Tools
C) Skill
D) Anatomy
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 33
Topic: Table 2.1
53) According to the Gilbreths, which of the following would NOT be considered an 'environmental variable'?
A) Heat
B) Materials Quality
C) Rate of Fatigue
D) Lighting
Answer: A, C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 33
Topic: Table 2.1
54) ______performed motion studies of bricklaying
A) Frederick Taylor
B) Henry Gannt
C) Henri Fayol
D) Abraham Maslow
E) Frank Gilbreth
Answer: E
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 34
Topic: Frank Gilbreth
55) An easily understood chart that summarizes what work was scheduled for specific time periods and how much of this work has been completed was developed by:
A) Frederick Taylor
B) Lillian Gilbreth
C) Frank Gilbreth
D) Henry Gantt
E) Adam Lowell
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 35
Topic: Schedule Innovation
56) According to Fayol, ______is the idea of lowering the importance of the subordinate role.
A) Centralization
B) Decentralization
C) Remuneration
D) Delegation
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref : 36
Topic: Henri Fayol
57) According to Fayol, the notion that workers should receive orders from only one manager is known as:
A) Centralization
B) Unity of direction
C) Remuneration
D) Unity of Command
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 36
Topic: Henri Fayol
58) According to Fayol, the concept of increasing the importance of the subordinate role is known as:
A) Division of work
B) The scalar chain
C) Decentralization
D) Unity of direction
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 36
Topic: Henri Fayol
59) Which scientific management contributor advocated a bonus system if workers exceeded their daily production?
A) Frederick Taylor
B) Chester Barnard
C) Henry Gantt
D) Henri Fayol
E) Lillian Gilbreth
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Page Ref : 36
Topic: Rewarding Innovation
60) Of the following scientific management contributors, which would be considered as being the most concerned with the human side of production?
A) Henry Gantt
B) Frank Gilbreth
C) Lillian Gilbreth
D) Frederick Taylor
E) Henry Ford
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Page Ref : 35
Topic: Rewarding Innovation
61) Henry Gantt believed that workers should be compensated according to:
A) a piece-rate system
B) a flat salary
C) a bonus system
D) both A and B
E) both A and C
Answer: E
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 36
Topic: Rewarding Innovation
62) The pioneer of administrative theory in the comprehensive analysis view of management was:
A) Henry Ford
B) Henry Gantt
C) Henry Frank
D) Henri Fayol
E) Frederick Taylor
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 36
Topic: Comprehensive Analysis of Management
63) According to Fayol, the right to give orders and the power to exact obedience is:
A) authority
B) responsibility
C) the scalar chain
D) centralization
E) discipline
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 36
Topic: Comprehensive Analysis of Management
64) ______is defined as new or additional work activity taken through self-direction.
A) Order
B) Espirit de corps
C) Initiative
D) Discipline
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 37
Topic: Henri Fayol
65) The primary limitation of the Classical Approach is that:
A) it views management as a science rather than as an art
B) it does not adequately emphasize human variables
C) it is only for lower-level managers
D) it views the organization as a closed system
E) it can be used only in manufacturing firms
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Page Ref : 37
Topic: Limitations of the Classical Approach
66) James believes that if he understands his people and adapts his organization to them, he will be successful. He would most likely be considered to be a follower of which of the following management approaches?
A) scientific approach
B) classical approach