Modern Labor Economics, 10E (Ehrenberg/Smith)

Modern Labor Economics, 10E (Ehrenberg/Smith)

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Modern Labor Economics, 10e (Ehrenberg/Smith)

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Chapter 1

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Introduction

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1)

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Labor markets differ from most other markets because

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A)

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contracts exist between buyers and sellers.

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B)

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price and quantity information must be exchanged.

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C)

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resources are allocated.

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D)

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labor services must be rented, not bought or sold.

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Answer:

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D

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2)

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Economists generally assume that

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A)

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people both pursue their objectives in a consistent fashion and are forced to make choices due to scarcity.

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B)

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people pursue their objectives in a consistent fashion.

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C)

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people are forced to make choices due to scarcity.

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D)

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habit-bound people are irrational.

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Answer:

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A

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3)

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Economists generally assume that workers maximize

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A)

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their income.

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B)

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their leisure time.

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C)

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their utility.

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D)

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their nonpecuniary benefits.

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Answer:

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C

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4)

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Economic rationality

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A)

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implies that people have an objective and pursue it in a consistent fashion.

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B)

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implies that people's behavior does not adapt when incentives change.

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C)

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implies that there is no such thing as a free lunch.

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D)

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can be directly proven.

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Answer:

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A

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5)

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If there are costs associated with employee turnover, and to reduce these costs, a firm increases the wage it pays its employees, then

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A)

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the firm's profits must decrease.

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B)

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the firm's profits must increase if turnover costs fall.

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C)

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the firm's profits must increase if the turnover rate falls by three percent or more.

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D)

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the firm's profits could increase or decrease, depending on the amount in the wage increase and the change in the turnover rate.

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Answer:

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D

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6)

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Redistributional transactions

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A)

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are never voluntary.

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B)

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should not occur.

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C)

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are usually facilitated by the government.

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D)

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are not Pareto efficient.

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Answer:

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C

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7)

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Which of these is an example of the FAILURE of the market to achieve economic efficiency?

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A)

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Firms and employees successfully achieving all mutually beneficial transactions.

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B)

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Alpha Industries is willing to pay $55,000 per year to hire a computer programmer. Dean, a qualified computer programmer, would gladly give up his job as a waiter for a computer programming job paying at least $45,000, but is unaware of Alpha's opening.

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C)

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Laura refuses to quit smoking even though Marlene offers her $1 per hour to stop.

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D)

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Ace Engineering is willing to pay Diane $11 per hour, but Diane is willing to work for $10 per hour, so Ace hires her for only $10 per hour.

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Answer:

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B

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8)

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Public goods are

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A)

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goods donated by their owner for public use.

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B)

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goods that are available to an additional consumer at no cost.

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C)

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goods that are not scarce.

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D)

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goods that can only be produced by the government.

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Answer:

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B

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9)

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Nonpecuniary factors do NOT include

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A)

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a worker's hourly wage rate.

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B)

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eyestrain caused by having to stare continually at a computer terminal.

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C)

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an inflexible work schedule that requires commuting during the worst rush-hour traffic.

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D)

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annoyance caused by a rude co-worker.

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Answer:

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A

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10)

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Pareto efficiency implies that

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A)

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all legal transactions have taken place.

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B)

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the distribution of income is equitable.

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C)

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all mutually beneficial transactions have taken place.

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D)

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only people facing price distortions still wish to undertake transactions.

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Answer:

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C

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11)

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It has been said that "Paul will rarely complain about a plan that takes money from Peter to pay Paul." This suggests that redistributional transactions are usually

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A)

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mutually beneficial transactions.

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B)

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the result of government mandates.

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C)

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voluntary transactions.

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D)

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illegal transactions.

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Answer:

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B

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12)

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If all parties gain from a transaction,

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A)

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the government must mandate that transaction.

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B)

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the transaction must be a Pareto improvement.

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C)

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the transaction will not be voluntary for some parties.

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D)

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the transaction will be redistributional.

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B

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13)

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Which of the following will NOT prevent a mutually beneficial transaction from occurring?

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A)

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the fact that one party's utility will be decreased by the transaction

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B)

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ignorance about availability of a service or product

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C)

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a law against overtime work

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D)

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a tax on labor services

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Answer:

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A

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14)