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Modern Labor Economics, 10e (Ehrenberg/Smith)
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Chapter 1
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Introduction
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1)
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Labor markets differ from most other markets because
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A)
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contracts exist between buyers and sellers.
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B)
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price and quantity information must be exchanged.
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C)
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resources are allocated.
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D)
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labor services must be rented, not bought or sold.
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Answer:
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D
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2)
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Economists generally assume that
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A)
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people both pursue their objectives in a consistent fashion and are forced to make choices due to scarcity.
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B)
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people pursue their objectives in a consistent fashion.
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C)
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people are forced to make choices due to scarcity.
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D)
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habit-bound people are irrational.
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Answer:
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A
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3)
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Economists generally assume that workers maximize
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A)
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their income.
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B)
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their leisure time.
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C)
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their utility.
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D)
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their nonpecuniary benefits.
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Answer:
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C
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4)
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Economic rationality
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A)
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implies that people have an objective and pursue it in a consistent fashion.
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B)
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implies that people's behavior does not adapt when incentives change.
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C)
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implies that there is no such thing as a free lunch.
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D)
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can be directly proven.
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Answer:
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A
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5)
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If there are costs associated with employee turnover, and to reduce these costs, a firm increases the wage it pays its employees, then
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A)
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the firm's profits must decrease.
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B)
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the firm's profits must increase if turnover costs fall.
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C)
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the firm's profits must increase if the turnover rate falls by three percent or more.
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D)
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the firm's profits could increase or decrease, depending on the amount in the wage increase and the change in the turnover rate.
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Answer:
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D
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6)
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Redistributional transactions
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A)
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are never voluntary.
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B)
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should not occur.
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C)
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are usually facilitated by the government.
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D)
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are not Pareto efficient.
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Answer:
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C
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7)
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Which of these is an example of the FAILURE of the market to achieve economic efficiency?
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A)
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Firms and employees successfully achieving all mutually beneficial transactions.
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B)
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Alpha Industries is willing to pay $55,000 per year to hire a computer programmer. Dean, a qualified computer programmer, would gladly give up his job as a waiter for a computer programming job paying at least $45,000, but is unaware of Alpha's opening.
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C)
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Laura refuses to quit smoking even though Marlene offers her $1 per hour to stop.
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D)
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Ace Engineering is willing to pay Diane $11 per hour, but Diane is willing to work for $10 per hour, so Ace hires her for only $10 per hour.
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Answer:
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B
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8)
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Public goods are
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A)
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goods donated by their owner for public use.
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B)
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goods that are available to an additional consumer at no cost.
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C)
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goods that are not scarce.
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D)
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goods that can only be produced by the government.
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Answer:
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B
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9)
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Nonpecuniary factors do NOT include
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A)
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a worker's hourly wage rate.
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B)
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eyestrain caused by having to stare continually at a computer terminal.
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C)
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an inflexible work schedule that requires commuting during the worst rush-hour traffic.
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D)
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annoyance caused by a rude co-worker.
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Answer:
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A
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10)
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Pareto efficiency implies that
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A)
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all legal transactions have taken place.
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B)
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the distribution of income is equitable.
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C)
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all mutually beneficial transactions have taken place.
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D)
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only people facing price distortions still wish to undertake transactions.
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Answer:
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C
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11)
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It has been said that "Paul will rarely complain about a plan that takes money from Peter to pay Paul." This suggests that redistributional transactions are usually
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A)
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mutually beneficial transactions.
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B)
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the result of government mandates.
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C)
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voluntary transactions.
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D)
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illegal transactions.
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Answer:
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B
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12)
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If all parties gain from a transaction,
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A)
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the government must mandate that transaction.
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B)
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the transaction must be a Pareto improvement.
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C)
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the transaction will not be voluntary for some parties.
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D)
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the transaction will be redistributional.
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Answer:
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B
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13)
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Which of the following will NOT prevent a mutually beneficial transaction from occurring?
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A)
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the fact that one party's utility will be decreased by the transaction
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B)
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ignorance about availability of a service or product
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C)
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a law against overtime work
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D)
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a tax on labor services
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Answer:
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A
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14)