Minnesota Open 2010: Brought to You by the Citizens and Officials of Rutland, Vermont
Editors 1
Questions by Rob Carson, Mike Cheyne, Andrew Hart, Gautam Kandlikar, and Bernadette Spencer
Tossups
1. Rufus King was unable to participate in this battle due to a bout of epilepsy. Early fighting in this battle took place at Brawner’s Farm and resulted in the amputation of Richard Ewell’s leg. A follow-up engagement to this battle saw the deaths of Isaac Stevens and Philip Kearny and was called the Battle of Chantilly. Fitz John Porter was court-martialed for disobeying orders during this battle. Shortly after this battle, the Army of Virginia was (*) dissolved and the losing commander would spend the remainder of the war in Minnesota, fighting the Dakota. The winning commander at this battle would cross the Potomac River and initiate the Maryland Campaign. For 10 points, name this August 1862 Civil War battle where Robert E. Lee laid the smackdown on John Pope’s forces at the same location as a battle the previous year.
ANSWER: Second Bull Run [accept Second Manassas, prompt on Bull Run, prompt on Manassas]
2. Modern views of this man’s work are heavily influenced by Edwin Boring’s “history” of the discipline that he founded. He believed that sentences were manifestations of the “whole mental processes” of individuals. One of his publications categorized feelings tri-dimensionally, depending on whether they were pleasant or unpleasant, excited or depressed, and tense or relaxed. His historical theory classified man into primitive, totemic, heroic, and present ages. His analysis focused on the process of (*) “apperception,” the study of which defined this man’s introspective method. This thinker’s student called his approach “Ganzheit” or “holistic.” This author of Folk Psychology also wrote the magnum opus Principles of Physiological Psychology. For 10 points, name this teacher of Edward Titchener, the German father of experimental psychology.
ANSWER: Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt
3. One of this composer’s choral works is based upon a book of the Old Testament and is divided into O vos omnes, Ego vir videns, and Recordare, Domine. One work from the later expressionist period of this composer of the Lamentations of Jeremiah includes the “Metamorfosi di un tema” movement and features the “Hymn to the Sun”; that is his Cello Concerto No. 2. His Bartok-influenced works include the String Quartet No. 1, which uses the open strings of the guitar as a pitch sequence, while his Concert Variations include the use of the (*) malambo. He wrote an opera that contains the soprano aria “Ninguna ciudad del mundo” and features Nicolas’ poisoning of Pier Francesco’s potion of immortality called Bomarzo, while the title character of another of his operas dies in Florinda’s arms after losing a battle that leads to a Moorish invasion. His nationalistic works include three Pampeanas and his popular ballet Estancia. For 10 points, name this composer of Don Rodrigo, a 20th-century Argentinian composer.
ANSWER: Alberto Ginastera
4. One character in this work frequently visits the young Olive Mannering to satisfy his sexual urges. Central to this work is the manipulative nature of the housekeeper Mabel Pettigrew, who blackmails her mistress to make Mabel the benefactor of her estate. That mistress, Lisa Brooke, had an affair with Godfrey Colston. Godfrey’s sister Lettie isolates herself after the central events don’t stop and dies trying to fend off a robber in this novel. Chief Inspector Henry Mortimer is unable to determine the culprit who sends mysterious messages to the central characters of this work. Set in the 1950s, it shows how the residents of a (*) nursing home cope, or fail to cope, with their impending death. For 10 points, identify this work in which some senile folks receives anonymous phone calls with the message “Remember, you must die,” a novel by Muriel Spark.
ANSWER: Memento Mori
5. The “wind-tree” model developed by Ehrenfest was a pedagogical tool used to illustrate this theorem. This theorem assumes that the velocity of molecules in a system are uncorrelated, which is called Stosszahlansatz. The namesake function of this theorem is the integral over the velocity-space of the probability of the state times the natural log of the probability with respect to volume. One criticism of this theorem suggested that a system that has evolved from a non steady-state to a steady-state would (*) retrace its path back to the original state; that criticism was proposed by Loschmidt. For 10 points, identify this theorem from statistical mechanics, supplements the second law of thermodynamics and says that the time derivative for the entropy of an irreversible process has a lower bound of zero.
ANSWER: Boltzmann H-theorem
6. Near the end of this film, the protagonist wryly comments that his two ex-wives divorced him because they said he lived too dull a life. That protagonist has the middle initial “O,” which stands for nothing. In another scene, a character’s mother asks two assassins if they are really trying to kill her son. The villain of this film is served by the effeminate Leonard and is named Phillip Vandamm. An early plot element in this film is that the protagonist is mistaken for federal agent (*) George Kaplan, who does not actually exist. The protagonist, advertising executive Roger Thornhill, is framed for the murder of a United Nations delegate. Memorable scenes in this film include Thornhill being shot at by villains in a crop duster and a final chase on the top of Mount Rushmore. For 10 points, name this 1959 Alfred Hitchcock thriller with a directional title.
ANSWER: North by Northwest
7. In one of this man’s plays, the young man “Photo-Finish” and the girl “Emily” fall in love in a Texas jail. In one of his novels, a young man’s invisible feline friend comes to life and runs through New York City after he talks to Dr. Pingitzer. This author of Hello Out There and Tracy’s Tiger wrote a story in which the protagonist is a writer who discovers a penny in the gutter before starving to death during the Great Depression, while one of his novels is about a (*) telegraph boy during World War II named Homer Macauley. His best known play features a prostitute named Kitty Duval and an old man named Kit Carson, both patrons of Nick’s Pacific Street Saloon in San Francisco. For 10 points, name this American author who wrote the novel The Human Comedy, the story The Daring Young Man on the Flying Trapeze, and the play The Time of Your Life.
ANSWER: William Saroyan
8. The ARTEMIS protein is involved in the nicking of hairpin loops during this process. P-nucleotides are palindromic segments which may be added during this process, while the addition of N-nucleotides by TdT enhances the outcome of this process. Segments which undergo this process have highly conserved heptamer/nonamer motifs separated by 12 or 23 base pair spacer sequences, and RAG-1 and RAG-2 proteins perform this process. This process occurs via the formation of double (*) stranded breaks that are repaired by non-homologous end joining, and its products are found in the light and heavy chains of certain structures. For 10 points, identify this process in which the variable, diverse, and joining gene segments are randomly rearranged, helping generate the variety of T-cell receptors and antibodies needed to combat foreign antigens.
ANSWER: V(D)J Recombination [accept VJ Recombination or somatic recombination]
9. One incident in this event saw Charles Mair and Dr. John Christian Schultz captured at Schultz’s store and imprisoned at Fort Garry. Prior to this event, one leader gave a speech at Saint-Boniface Cathedral and declared that William McDougall’s arrival at a certain location would be blocked. One key moment in this event was the execution by firing squad of the Orangeman Thomas Scott. A force under Colonel (*) Garnet Wolseley was dispatched to put an end to this event under the orders of John MacDonald. The main resistance leader in this event would go on to lead a similar uprising in a different location in 1885. The government attempted to answer some of its demands with the passing of the Manitoba Act. For 10 points, name this 1869 uprising sparked by the Metis leader Louis Riel and named for a waterway.
ANSWER: Red River Rebellion/Resistance [prompt on Metis Rebellion or Riel Rebellion, do not accept Northwest Rebellion]
10. The Homeric Hymn to this figure describes how he and a foe both encounter a man tilling his fields on the grassy plain of Onchestus. He fathered the founder of Cydonia with Minos’s daughter Acacallis, while his dalliance with a naiad often thought to be equivalent to Muta or Tacita made him the father of the Lares. This figure, who changed the Minyades into bats, was forced to kill Hierax with a stone in one story. Envy’s poison once caused Aglaurus to occupy a threshhold in an attempt to prevent this figure from marrying Herse. Another of his adventures saw him thwart (*) Circe’s magic by giving the herb moly to Odysseus. This killer of Argus Panoptes was also the father of the master thief Autolycus. He was born on Mount Cyllene, where one day later he invented the lyre. For 10 points, name this son of Maia who wore a winged hat and winged sandals in his role as messenger of the Greek gods.
ANSWER: Hermes [or Mercury]
11. One notable participant in this event was shot in the groin and required surgery, which caused him to develop an addiction to morphine. A symbol of this event was the “Blood flag” purportedly soaked with the blood of Andreas Bauriedl. Historian Joachim Fest wrote of one figure “clad in the invincible armour of his arrogance” as he walked straight at a firing line of provincial policemen. A few years after this event, one politician who opposed it would be hacked to death with an axe and dumped in a swamp. The fallout of this event saw the shutting down of the newspaper People’s Observer. A similar event occurred three years earlier under the nominal leadership of Wolfgang Kapp. In the trial after this event, Erich Ludendorff was acquitted, while Rudolf Hess received five years in prison. For 10 points, name this unsuccessful 1923 attempt to seize power, begun by Adolf Hitler in a Munich drinking establishment.
ANSWER: Beer Hall Putsch [accept Munich Putsch until mentioned, prompt on Hitler’s Putsch, accept other words for putsch]
12. The Furkawa procedure is one method of obtaining a reagent used in this reaction, though the Emschwiller method of obtaining that reagent is more commonly used. Wittig’s modification of this reaction uses diazomethane to generate the namesake reagent, and if the receiving molecule of this reaction has a hydroxyl group in the allylic position, the new functional group is added in the same plane as the OH group. It does not see the formation of a full carbene, and it involves the cis addition of a certain functional group to the less (*) hindered face of a molecule. An activated copper is used to produce the iodo-methyl zinc iodide used in this reaction which adds onto the alkene in a stereospecific manner. For 10 points, identify this doubly eponymous reaction which sees the conversion of an alkene into a cyclopropane, undoubtedly the most important organo-zinc based reaction.
ANSWER: Simmons-Smith reaction
13. After his troops were denied bread, this man told the men of Succoth that he would tear “flesh with desert thorns and briers.” He kept that promise and also destroyed the tower of Peniel shortly after defeating Zebah and Zalmunna. One of this man’s sons killed seventy of his brothers and was himself killed shortly after a woman dropped a millstone on his head. This figure became known as (*) “Jerub-Baal” after he destroyed an altar to Baal. The father of Abimelech, this man used gold taken from his plunder to construct an ephod worshiped by Israelites. He had earlier requested a sign from God by “putting out a fleece.” For10 points, name this Biblical judge who confused and defeated the Midianites with the use of trumpets.
ANSWER: Gideon [accept Jerub-Baal until mentioned]
14. This thinker included three aphorisms about Ni-en in a work that discusses the “grand method”, the “grand order”, and the “grand production”. This author of Me-Ti: The Book of Changes also penned the Messingkauf Dialogues, which he later condensed into his A Short Organum. He sought to replace the duality of form and content with the triad of material, technique, and function, a method he called “refunctioning”. He emphasized the role of decision in his works by use of a technique he called “fixing the “Not/But” element” and sought to provoke a response he termed (*) “complex seeing”, while he was inspired by Victor Shklovsky’s concept of “defamiliarization” to create his own conception of the “distancing effect”. For 10 points, identify this dramaturgical theorist whose concepts of “Non-Aristotelian drama” and “epic theater” were enacted in such plays as The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui and Mother Courage and Her Children.
ANSWER: Bertolt Brecht [or Eugen Berthold Friedrich Brecht]
15. In its last section, this work attacks Pyrronian skepticism for being too broad and advocates replacing it with an “academic” skepticism limited to matters of fact and abstract concepts. This work uses examples from epic poetry to explain the three form of association. It claims that both external observation and internal reflection are necessary in order to understand causal relationships. In its second chapter, this work argues that experienced “impressions” are always more complete than (*) “ideas” of thought. This book argues that Christianity is better when founded on faith in a section that denies the existence of the namesake religious phenomena because they contradict the laws of nature. The only objection to the “copy principle” appears in a thought experiment that claims that a man can always conceive of a certain color without ever experiencing it. For 10 points, name this expansion of A Treatise of Human Nature that contains “Of Miracles” and an account of the “missing shade of blue”, a book by David Hume.