Name:
Date:
A.P. Psychology
A.P. Psychology
Mid-Term Exam Review
In-Class Review Sessions:
(F) 1/23/15
(M) 1/26/15
Exam Dates:
Period 1: (R) 1/29/15 [Session 3]
Period 8: (T) 1/27/15 [Session 2]
Unit 1: History and Approaches of Psychology (Prologue Chapter)
· Psychology
· Empiricism
· (4) Historical Approaches
· (7) Contemporary Approaches
· Nature-Nurture Issue
· Biopsychosocial Approach
· Psychological Professions
· Key People:
o Aristotle
o Charles Darwin
o René Descartes
o Dorothea Dix
o Sigmund Freud
o William James
o John Locke
o Jean Piaget
o Plato
o Carl Rogers
o Socrates
o E.B. Titchener
o Wilhelm Wundt
Unit 2: Research Methods (Chapter 1)
· (3) Components of the Scientific Attitude
· (6) Steps of the Scientific Method
· Sample vs. Population
· (6) Non-Experimental Research Methods
· Experiments:
o Independent, Dependent, and Confounding Variables
o Experimental vs. Control Group
· Problems and Solutions in Research
· Statistics:
o Measures of Central Tendency
o Measures of Variation
· Ethics in Research
Unit 3: Biological Bases of Behavior (Chapters 2 & 4)
· Biological Psychology
· Neurons:
o Types
o Parts/Functions
o Communication
· (7) Types of Neurotransmitters
· Drugs and Neurotransmitters
· The Nervous System
· The Endorcrine System
· Hormones
· (5) Brain Monitoring Tools
· The Brain:
o Older Brain Structures:
§ Regions
§ Parts/Functions
o The Cerebral Cortex:
§ (4) Lobes
§ (2) Cortexes
§ Association Areas
§ Parts/Functions
· The Brain and Language
· Left vs. Right Brain Differences
· Behavior Genetics
· Heritability
· Key People:
o Paul Broca
o Phineas Gage
o Roger Sperry
o Karl Wernicke
Unit 4: Sensation and Perception (Chapter 6)
· Sensation vs. Perception
· Bottom-Up vs. Top-Down Processing
· Selective Attention
· Perceptual Thresholds
· Sensory Adaptation
· (7) Senses
· Vision:
o Parts/Functions
o Perceptual Theories
· Hearing:
o Parts/Functions
o Perceptual Theories
· Other Senses:
o Physiology
o Psychology
o Perceptual Theories
· Sensory Interaction
· Theories of Pain
· Perceptual Organization and Interpretation
· Extrasensory Perception (ESP)
Unit 5: States of Consciousness (Chapter 3)
· Consciousness
· (5) Stages of Sleep:
o Characteristics
o Brainwaves
o Duration
· Circadian Rhythm
· (5) Sleep Disorders
· Hypnosis
· Theories of Hypnosis
· Meditation
· Biofeedback
· Dream Content and Theories
· Drugs and Consciousness
· Key People:
o Ernest Hilgard
Unit 6: Learning (Chapter 7)
· Learning
· Associative Learning
· Classical Conditioning:
o (3) Types of Stimuli
o (2) Types of Responses
o Applications
· Operant Conditioning:
o Law of Effect
o (4) Types of Reinforcement
o (4) Schedules of Reinforcement
o Applications
o Punishment
· Observational Learning
o Modeling
o Mirror Neurons
· Key People:
o Little Albert
o Albert Bandura
o John Garcia
o Ivan Pavlov
o Rosalie Rayner
o B.F. Skinner
o Edward L. Thorndike
o John B. Watson
Unit 7: Cognition (Chapters 8 & 9)
· Memory
· (3) Processes of Memory
· (3) Stages of Memory
· (2) Types of Processing
· (1) Type of Implicit/Non-Declarative Memory
· (3) Types of Explicit/Declarative Memory
· Physiology of Memory
· Recall vs. Recognition
· (4) Reasons for Forgetting
· Memory Construction
· Cognition
· (4) Methods of Problem-Solving
· Creativity
· Obstacles to Problem-Solving
· Making Decisions and Forming Judgments
· (2) Types Language Structure
· (2) Types of Grammar
· Language Development
· Key People:
o Richard Atkinson
o Hermann Ebbinghaus
o Elizabeth Loftus
o Richard Shiffrin
o George Sperling
o Endel Tulving
o Noam Chomsky
o Robert Sternberg
Unit 8: Motivation and Emotion (Chapters 11 & 12)
· Motivation
· Instinct
· (2) Theories of Motivation
· Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
· Hunger:
o Physiology
o Psychology
· (3) Types of Eating Disorders
· Obesity
· Sexual Motivation:
o Physiology
o Psychology
o (4) Stages of the Sexual Response Cycle
· Sexual Orientation
· Love and Belonging
· Emotion
· (3) Theories of Emotion
· Communication of Emotion
· Experience of Emotion:
o Fear
o Anger
o Happiness
· Stress and Health:
o General Adaptation Syndrome (G.A.S.)
o Coronary Heart Diseaese
o Psychophysiological Illness
o Psychoneuroimmunology (P.N.I.)
· Key People:
o Walter Cannon
o Charles Darwin
o Abraham Maslow
o A.L. Washburn
o Philip Bard
o Paul Ekman
o Carl Lange
o Robert Rosenthal
o Stanley Schachter
o Jerome Singer