Cells Flashcards
1)What four things are characteristic of cells? / 1) Are enclosed in a membrane that maintains internal conditions different from the surroundings.2) Have DNA as the genetic material.
3) Can interconvert forms of energy.
4) Can interconvert chemical materials.
2)What three things does every cell have in common? / 1. Metabolic functions (using up O2 and sugars).
- Responds to its environment
- Capable of maintaining homeostasis within itself and within the body.
3)What is metabolism? / The sum of all of the chemical reactions that occur in a cell
4)What is homeostasis? / maintaining a balanced internal environment, such as temperature, pH, glucose levels
5)Name two things that cytoplasm contains. /
- Mostly water
- Things dissolved in water
6)What two things that can dissolve into water make up ATP? / Sugars like glucose and energy molecules
7)What are the two functions of the cytoskeleton? /
- Maintains cell shape
- movement
8)What are small structures that occur within the cell and have various functions? / Organelles
9)What does it mean, that plasma membranes are selectively permeable? / It means that the plasma membrane allows some substances to enter or leave the cell more easily than others
10)Where is the majority of genetic material contained within a cell? / The nucleus
11)What structure in a cell makes ATP? / Mitochondria
12)Where are ribosomes located? / In the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
13)What do ribosomes make? / Protein
14)What are the building blocks of proteins (what are they made of)? / Amino acids
15)What are required for the cell to undergo various reactions? / Enzymes
16)What can happen to an enzyme if body temperature rises? / The enzyme can denature and not function
17)The complex system of membranous channels and saccules continuous with the plasma membrane is: / Golgi apparatus
18)What cell structure is like a UPS center, because it packages proteins and sends them where they need to go? / Golgi apparatus
19)What structure makes proteins? / Ribosomes
20)Where are most ribosomes located? / RER (Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum)
21)What is the function of the RER? / Makes proteins
22)What is the function of the SER (Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum)? / Detoxifies harmful substances
23)Which organelle contains digestive enzymes to dissolve bacteria? / Lysosomes
24)If a person has a white blood cell with defective lysosomes, what can happen to the person? / A defect in the lysosomes of the white blood cells can prevent the cells from destroying engulfed bacteria., which could lead to death
25)Which organelle moves material from the RER (Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum) to the Golgi complex? / Vesicles
26)Name two hair-like structures that cells might have. / Cilia and flagella
27)What are cilia? / Hair-like structures that move material across the cell surface (mucous in the trachea), or they can move the whole cell (single celled organisms)
28)What are flagella? / Whip-like structure to move the cell (sperm)
29)What is cellular (aerobic) respiration? / a process whereby mitochondria in the cells use oxygen, produce carbon dioxide, and produce energy in the form of ATP.
30)What is the function of cell surfaces? / Protects, supports, and joins cells together
31)What do plant cell walls consist of? / Cellulose fibers embedded in a matrix of polysaccharides and proteins
32) The cell wall of one plant cell is separated from the cell wall of another by what? / a layer of sticky polysaccharides.
33)Are plant cell walls one layer thick or more than one layer (multi-layered) structures? / Multilayered
34)What is the primary composition of wood? / Plant cell walls
35)What does it mean that the plasma membrane is selectively permeable? / The plasma membrane allows some substances to enter or leave a cell more easily than others.