Page 157
APPENDIX TABLES
Chile WT/TPR/S/220Page 157
Table AI.1
Merchandise exports (f.o.b.) by product, 20022008
(US$ million and per cent)
Description / 2002 / 2003 / 2004 / 2005 / 2006 / 2007 / 2008 /(US$ million)
Exports / 17,423 / 20,077 / 30,895 / 38,596 / 55,881 / 65,739 / 66,935
(% of total exports)
Total primary products / 79.4 / 80.4 / 84.1 / 83.6 / 86.3 / 86.8 / 86.8
Agriculture / 37.7 / 37.2 / 29.5 / 26.2 / 20.6 / 20.7 / 23.3
Food / 27.5 / 27.8 / 21.1 / 19.3 / 15.3 / 14.7 / 16.9
1121 Wine of fresh grapes (including fortified wine); grape must, etc. / 3.5 / 3.3 / 2.7 / 2.3 / 1.7 / 1.9 / 2.1
0575 Grapes, fresh or dried / 3.3 / 3.7 / 2.1 / 1.9 / 1.5 / 1.3 / 1.7
0579 Fruit, fresh or dried, n.e.s. / 2.6 / 2.6 / 1.9 / 1.7 / 1.3 / 1.3 / 1.6
0342 Fish, frozen (excluding fillets and minced fish) / 2.4 / 2.4 / 1.8 / 1.8 / 1.5 / 1.3 / 1.4
0345 Fish fillets, fresh or chilled, and other fish meat (whether or not minced), fresh, chilled or frozen / 2.4 / 2.6 / 1.9 / 1.8 / 1.6 / 1.5 / 1.4
0344 Fish fillets, frozen / 1.6 / 1.6 / 1.4 / 1.3 / 1.1 / 0.8 / 0.9
0574 Apples, fresh / 1.3 / 1.3 / 1.1 / 0.8 / 0.7 / 0.7 / 0.8
0814 Flours, meals and pellets, of meat or meat offal / 1.9 / 1.8 / 1.1 / 1.2 / 0.9 / 0.8 / 0.8
0122 Meat of swine, fresh, chilled or frozen / 0.6 / 0.7 / 0.8 / 0.8 / 0.6 / 0.5 / 0.5
Agricultural raw materials / 10.2 / 9.4 / 8.5 / 6.9 / 5.3 / 6.1 / 6.5
2515 Chemical wood pulp, soda or sulphate, other than dissolving grades, semibleached or bleached / 3.9 / 3.7 / 3.5 / 2.7 / 2.1 / 3.3 / 3.7
2482 Wood of coniferous species, sawn or chipped, etc. / 2.2 / 2.1 / 2.0 / 1.8 / 1.3 / 1.2 / 1.1
2461 Wood in chips or particles / 0.7 / 0.6 / 0.4 / 0.4 / 0.3 / 0.3 / 0.5
Mining / 41.7 / 43.2 / 54.6 / 57.5 / 65.7 / 66.1 / 63.5
Ores and other minerals / 13.3 / 15.6 / 21.7 / 24.9 / 26.8 / 27.7 / 25.5
2831 Copper ores and concentrates / 10.0 / 12.0 / 16.0 / 15.7 / 20.5 / 20.5 / 19.2
2878 Ores and concentrates of molybdenum, niobium, tantalum, titanium, vanadium and zirconium / 1.3 / 1.5 / 3.9 / 7.3 / 4.0 / 4.7 / 3.8
2882 Other non-ferrous base metal waste and scrap, n.e.s. / 0.2 / 0.3 / 0.4 / 0.4 / 0.7 / 1.1 / 0.8
Nonferrous metals / 27.2 / 25.4 / 31.2 / 30.4 / 37.0 / 37.1 / 36.5
6821 Copper, refined and unrefined; copper anodes for electrolytic refining; copper alloys, unwrought / 26.1 / 24.2 / 30.1 / 29.3 / 35.5 / 35.5 / 35.0
6824 Copper wire / 0.4 / 0.4 / 0.5 / 0.5 / 0.7 / 0.7 / 0.7
6811 Silver (including base metals clad with silver), unwrought, unworked or semimanufactured / 0.5 / 0.5 / 0.4 / 0.3 / 0.4 / 0.7 / 0.5
Fuels / 1.2 / 2.2 / 1.6 / 2.1 / 1.9 / 1.3 / 1.4
Manufactures / 16.2 / 15.6 / 12.8 / 13.3 / 10.7 / 10.1 / 12.1
Iron and steel / 0.4 / 0.5 / 0.7 / 1.4 / 1.2 / 1.3 / 1.4
6715 Other ferro-alloys (excluding radioactive ferroalloys) / 0.1 / 0.2 / 0.5 / 1.2 / 1.0 / 1.1 / 1.3
Chemicals / 6.2 / 6.7 / 5.3 / 5.4 / 4.4 / 3.8 / 5.0
5235 Nitrites; nitrates / 0.6 / 0.7 / 0.4 / 0.4 / 0.3 / 0.3 / 0.7
5121 Acyclic monohydric alcohols / 1.7 / 2.3 / 1.6 / 1.6 / 1.4 / 0.8 / 0.6
5222 Other chemical elements / 0.8 / 0.7 / 0.6 / 0.6 / 0.5 / 0.5 / 0.6
5226 Other inorganic bases and metal oxides, hydroxides and peroxides / 0.1 / 0.1 / 0.3 / 0.6 / 0.5 / 0.4 / 0.5
Other semi-manufactures / 5.1 / 4.9 / 4.1 / 3.8 / 3.0 / 2.8 / 3.3
6343 Plywood consisting solely of sheets of wood, each ply not exceeding 6 mm thickness / 0.5 / 0.5 / 0.5 / 0.5 / 0.4 / 0.4 / 0.5
6345 Fibreboard of wood or other ligneous materials, etc. / 0.8 / 0.8 / 0.7 / 0.6 / 0.5 / 0.4 / 0.5
6417 Paper, paperboard, cellulose wadding and webs of cellulose fibres, etc. / 0.5 / 0.5 / 0.5 / 0.4 / 0.3 / 0.3 / 0.4
Machinery and transport equipment / 2.5 / 2.0 / 1.6 / 1.7 / 1.4 / 1.6 / 1.8
Power-generating machinery / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0
Other non-electrical machinery / 0.6 / 0.6 / 0.5 / 0.6 / 0.6 / 0.5 / 0.7
Agricultural machinery and tractors / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0
Office machines and telecommunications equipment / 0.2 / 0.2 / 0.1 / 0.1 / 0.1 / 0.1 / 0.1
Other electrical machinery / 0.2 / 0.2 / 0.2 / 0.2 / 0.2 / 0.3 / 0.3
Automotive products / 1.0 / 0.8 / 0.5 / 0.5 / 0.3 / 0.5 / 0.5
Other transport equipment / 0.5 / 0.2 / 0.3 / 0.3 / 0.2 / 0.1 / 0.1
Textiles / 0.5 / 0.4 / 0.4 / 0.3 / 0.2 / 0.2 / 0.2
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories / 0.2 / 0.2 / 0.2 / 0.1 / 0.1 / 0.1 / 0.1
Other consumer goods / 1.3 / 1.0 / 0.7 / 0.6 / 0.5 / 0.4 / 0.4
Other / 4.4 / 4.1 / 3.0 / 3.1 / 3.0 / 3.1 / 1.1
Gold / 1.4 / 1.4 / 1.0 / 0.9 / 0.9 / 0.9 / 1.1
Source: WTO Secretariat estimates on the basis of data provided by the Government of Chile.
Table AI.2
Merchandise imports (c.i.f.) by product, 20022008
(US$ million and per cent)
Description / 2002 / 2003 / 2004 / 2005 / 2006 / 2007 / 2008 /(US$ million)
Total imports / 15,383 / 17,376 / 22,401 / 29,857 / 34,726 / 42,732 / 56,455
(% of total imports)
Total primary products / 26.7 / 29.9 / 31.7 / 32.4 / 35.1 / 38.1 / 39.6
Agriculture / 9.1 / 9.4 / 8.6 / 7.2 / 7.6 / 8.1 / 8.1
Food / 8.0 / 8.3 / 7.4 / 6.2 / 6.8 / 7.2 / 7.4
0111 Meat of bovine animals, fresh or chilled / 1.0 / 1.1 / 1.0 / 1.1 / 0.9 / 0.8 / 0.7
0449 Other maize, unmilled / 0.8 / 0.7 / 0.6 / 0.5 / 0.7 / 0.8 / 0.7
0910 Margarine; edible mixtures or preparations of animal or vegetable fats or oils, etc. / 0.8 / 0.6 / 0.7 / 0.5 / 0.5 / 0.6 / 0.7
0813 Oilcake and other solid residues (except dregs), etc. / 0.6 / 0.6 / 0.7 / 0.5 / 0.5 / 0.5 / 0.6
Agricultural raw materials / 1.2 / 1.1 / 1.2 / 1.0 / 0.9 / 0.8 / 0.7
Mining / 17.6 / 20.5 / 23.1 / 25.1 / 27.4 / 30.0 / 31.6
Ore and other minerals / 0.5 / 0.8 / 1.7 / 2.9 / 2.5 / 2.9 / 2.4
2878 Ores and concentrates of molybdenum, niobium, tantalum, titanium, vanadium and zirconium / 0.2 / 0.5 / 1.2 / 2.4 / 1.6 / 2.3 / 1.8
2831 Copper ores and concentrates / 0.0 / 0.1 / 0.2 / 0.3 / 0.6 / 0.4 / 0.4
Non-ferrous metals / 0.7 / 0.6 / 0.6 / 0.6 / 0.7 / 0.7 / 0.5
6842 Aluminium and aluminium alloys, worked / 0.3 / 0.3 / 0.3 / 0.2 / 0.3 / 0.3 / 0.3
Fuels / 16.4 / 19.1 / 20.8 / 21.7 / 24.3 / 26.4 / 28.7
3330 Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude / 9.9 / 12.2 / 12.8 / 12.4 / 14.0 / 11.7 / 12.7
3340 Group 334 not defined / 2.4 / 2.6 / 3.5 / 5.1 / 6.4 / 10.8 / 11.8
3212 Other coal, whether or not pulverized / 0.7 / 0.6 / 1.0 / 0.9 / 0.9 / 1.1 / 1.5
Manufactures / 72.7 / 69.7 / 68.0 / 67.2 / 64.7 / 61.7 / 60.4
Iron and steel / 2.5 / 2.5 / 3.1 / 2.9 / 2.9 / 2.6 / 4.0
6762 Bars and rods (other than those of subgroup676.1) of iron or steel, etc. / 0.4 / 0.3 / 0.3 / 0.2 / 0.2 / 0.3 / 0.8
6731 Flatrolled products of iron or nonalloy steel, not clad, etc. / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.4 / 0.7
Chemicals / 13.4 / 13.2 / 12.8 / 11.5 / 11.3 / 11.1 / 11.4
5223 Inorganic acids and inorganic oxygen compounds of nonmetals / 0.2 / 0.2 / 0.1 / 0.2 / 0.1 / 0.3 / 0.9
5711 Polyethylene / 0.9 / 0.9 / 1.0 / 1.1 / 1.0 / 1.0 / 0.9
Other semi-manufactures / 8.3 / 7.8 / 7.4 / 6.8 / 6.4 / 6.2 / 6.0
Machinery and transport equipment / 35.6 / 34.1 / 33.1 / 35.9 / 33.6 / 32.0 / 30.4
Powergenerating machinery / 1.2 / 1.5 / 1.2 / 1.1 / 1.2 / 1.1 / 2.4
7165 Generating sets / 0.1 / 0.2 / 0.2 / 0.2 / 0.2 / 0.3 / 1.0
Other non-electrical machinery / 10.9 / 10.8 / 9.7 / 11.5 / 9.6 / 9.3 / 9.0
Agricultural machinery and tractors / 0.4 / 0.4 / 0.5 / 0.4 / 0.4 / 0.4 / 0.5
7224 Wheeled tractors (other than those of headings744.14 and 744.15) / 0.1 / 0.2 / 0.2 / 0.2 / 0.1 / 0.2 / 0.2
Office machines and telecommunications equipment / 8.6 / 7.5 / 8.0 / 7.5 / 8.3 / 7.5 / 6.0
7643 Transmission apparatus for radio / 2.1 / 1.7 / 2.0 / 1.9 / 2.4 / 1.7 / 1.6
Other electrical machinery / 3.7 / 3.5 / 3.2 / 3.1 / 3.2 / 2.9 / 2.9
Automotive products / 8.8 / 8.9 / 9.5 / 10.7 / 9.7 / 9.6 / 9.0
7812 Motor vehicles for the transport of persons, n.e.s. / 3.5 / 3.9 / 4.0 / 4.0 / 4.0 / 4.1 / 3.8
7821 Motor vehicles for the transport of goods / 2.8 / 2.5 / 2.8 / 3.4 / 3.2 / 3.3 / 3.0
Other transport equipment / 2.3 / 2.0 / 1.5 / 1.9 / 1.7 / 1.5 / 1.2
Textiles / 2.3 / 2.1 / 1.9 / 1.5 / 1.5 / 1.3 / 1.1
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories / 3.2 / 2.9 / 3.0 / 2.7 / 2.9 / 2.8 / 2.4
Other consumer goods / 7.5 / 7.1 / 6.7 / 5.9 / 6.1 / 5.7 / 5.2
Other / 0.5 / 0.4 / 0.3 / 0.5 / 0.2 / 0.2 / 0.0
Source: WTO Secretariat estimates on the basis of data provided by the Government of Chile.
Table AI.3
Merchandise exports (f.o.b.) by trading partner, 2002-2008
(US$ million and per cent)
Description / 2002 / 2003 / 2004 / 2005 / 2006 / 2007 / 2008(US$ million)
Total exports / 17,423 / 20,077 / 30,895 / 38,596 / 55,881 / 65,739 / 66,935
(% of total exports)
America / 41.9 / 39.1 / 35.1 / 36.2 / 35.1 / 31.3 / 33.0
USA / 20.0 / 17.8 / 14.8 / 16.2 / 16.0 / 12.8 / 11.4
Other America / 21.9 / 21.3 / 20.3 / 20.0 / 19.1 / 18.5 / 21.6
Canada / 1.5 / 2.0 / 2.5 / 2.8 / 2.3 / 1.8 / 2.1
Brazil / 4.0 / 4.3 / 4.5 / 4.5 / 4.9 / 5.1 / 6.2
Mexico / 5.2 / 4.5 / 4.2 / 4.1 / 4.1 / 3.6 / 3.3
Peru / 2.7 / 2.1 / 1.7 / 1.9 / 1.7 / 1.6 / 2.0
Venezuela / 1.2 / 0.7 / 0.9 / 0.9 / 0.9 / 1.3 / 1.8
Argentina / 1.3 / 1.5 / 1.5 / 1.6 / 1.4 / 1.3 / 1.5
Colombia / 1.6 / 1.4 / 1.0 / 0.9 / 0.9 / 0.9 / 1.1
Ecuador / 1.4 / 1.5 / 1.0 / 0.9 / 0.8 / 0.7 / 0.7
Bolivia / 0.8 / 0.7 / 0.5 / 0.5 / 0.5 / 0.5 / 0.7
Europe / 25.9 / 25.8 / 26.7 / 25.0 / 28.5 / 25.6 / 26.0
EC(25) / 24.4 / 24.5 / 25.0 / 23.5 / 26.7 / 23.8 / 24.4
Netherlands / 3.1 / 4.0 / 5.4 / 6.0 / 6.8 / 5.9 / 6.3
Italy / 4.9 / 4.6 / 4.3 / 4.3 / 5.0 / 5.3 / 5.1
France / 3.6 / 3.7 / 4.2 / 3.6 / 4.3 / 3.6 / 3.4
Spain / 2.2 / 2.4 / 2.4 / 2.5 / 2.5 / 2.0 / 2.8
Germany / 2.4 / 2.9 / 2.9 / 2.4 / 3.1 / 2.5 / 2.7
EFTA / 0.8 / 0.5 / 0.6 / 0.3 / 0.3 / 0.4 / 0.4
Switzerland and Liechtenstein / 0.4 / 0.4 / 0.5 / 0.2 / 0.2 / 0.3 / 0.4
Other Europe / 0.7 / 0.8 / 1.1 / 1.2 / 1.5 / 1.4 / 1.2
Bulgaria / 0.2 / 0.3 / 0.5 / 0.4 / 0.7 / 0.7 / 0.8
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)a / 0.1 / 0.2 / 0.3 / 0.4 / 0.3 / 0.4 / 0.6
Russian Federation / 0.1 / 0.2 / 0.3 / 0.4 / 0.3 / 0.3 / 0.5
Africa / 0.4 / 0.4 / 0.3 / 0.3 / 0.3 / 0.3 / 0.4
South Africa / 0.2 / 0.2 / 0.2 / 0.1 / 0.1 / 0.2 / 0.2
Middle East / 1.5 / 1.0 / 0.8 / 0.9 / 0.7 / 0.7 / 0.5
United Arab Emirates / 0.8 / 0.3 / 0.2 / 0.2 / 0.1 / 0.2 / 0.2
Asia / 28.1 / 31.3 / 35.0 / 35.4 / 33.3 / 40.1 / 39.4
China / 7.0 / 9.1 / 10.4 / 11.4 / 8.8 / 15.2 / 14.7
Japan / 11.1 / 11.2 / 12.0 / 11.8 / 10.8 / 10.8 / 10.8
Six East Asian Traders / 7.8 / 8.5 / 10.0 / 9.8 / 9.8 / 9.2 / 9.6
Korea, Republic of / 4.1 / 5.0 / 5.8 / 5.7 / 6.1 / 5.9 / 5.8
Chinese Taipei / 3.0 / 2.8 / 3.1 / 3.3 / 2.7 / 2.7 / 2.9
Thailand / 0.3 / 0.3 / 0.4 / 0.3 / 0.7 / 0.4 / 0.2
Malaysia / 0.1 / 0.2 / 0.4 / 0.2 / 0.2 / 0.1 / 0.2
Hong Kong, China SAR / ... / ... / ... / ... / ... / ... / 0.2
Singapore / 0.2 / 0.2 / 0.2 / 0.2 / 0.1 / 0.2 / 0.2
Other Asia / 2.2 / 2.6 / 2.7 / 2.5 / 3.8 / 5.0 / 4.4
India / 1.0 / 1.1 / 1.4 / 1.3 / 2.7 / 3.4 / 2.6
Australia / 0.3 / 0.5 / 0.3 / 0.2 / 0.2 / 0.4 / 0.7
Other / 2.1 / 2.2 / 1.8 / 1.8 / 1.8 / 1.6 / 0.1
Memorandum:
EC(15) / 24.3 / 24.3 / 24.8 / 23.3 / 26.3 / 23.5 / 24.0
a The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) includes Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan.
Source: WTO Secretariat estimates on the basis of data provided by the Government of Chile.
Table AI.4
Merchandise imports (c.i.f.) by trading partner, 20022008
(US$ million and per cent)
Description / 2002 / 2003 / 2004 / 2005 / 2006 / 2007 / 2008(US$ million)
Total imports / 15,383 / 17,376 / 22,401 / 29,857 / 34,726 / 42,732 / 56,455
(% of total imports)
America / 57.7 / 58.4 / 57.7 / 55.7 / 54.2 / 52.5 / 54.2
USA / 16.6 / 14.6 / 15.4 / 15.8 / 16.0 / 17.0 / 19.4
Other America / 41.2 / 43.9 / 42.3 / 40.0 / 38.1 / 35.5 / 34.8
Canada / 2.1 / 1.9 / 1.6 / 1.4 / 1.4 / 2.3 / 1.7
Brazil / 10.5 / 11.7 / 12.4 / 12.7 / 12.2 / 10.5 / 9.3
Argentina / 19.7 / 21.7 / 18.5 / 16.1 / 12.9 / 10.1 / 8.9
Colombia / 1.3 / 1.2 / 1.3 / 1.2 / 1.0 / 2.1 / 3.8
Peru / 1.6 / 2.4 / 3.1 / 3.7 / 4.1 / 3.9 / 3.3
Mexico / 3.1 / 2.8 / 2.8 / 2.6 / 2.9 / 3.2 / 3.1
Ecuador / 0.6 / 0.4 / 0.6 / 0.9 / 1.7 / 1.8 / 2.8
Paraguay / 0.5 / 0.2 / 0.4 / 0.4 / 0.5 / 0.5 / 0.7
Europe / 20.7 / 19.8 / 16.9 / 17.8 / 15.8 / 16.6 / 14.6
EC(25) / 19.7 / 18.9 / 16.0 / 16.9 / 14.9 / 13.9 / 12.6
Germany / 4.7 / 4.0 / 3.7 / 3.9 / 3.6 / 3.7 / 3.3
Spain / 2.7 / 2.6 / 2.3 / 2.1 / 2.0 / 2.0 / 1.6
France / 4.0 / 3.4 / 2.3 / 2.3 / 2.0 / 1.9 / 1.6
Italy / 2.3 / 2.2 / 2.0 / 1.7 / 1.8 / 1.7 / 1.5
Sweden / 1.0 / 1.1 / 1.2 / 1.5 / 1.0 / 0.9 / 0.9
EFTA / 0.8 / 0.8 / 0.8 / 0.7 / 0.6 / 0.7 / 0.4
Switzerland and Liechtenstein / 0.6 / 0.6 / 0.5 / 0.5 / 0.4 / 0.4 / 0.4
Other Europe / 0.2 / 0.1 / 0.2 / 0.2 / 0.3 / 2.0 / 1.6
Turkey / 0.1 / 0.1 / 0.1 / 0.1 / 0.1 / 2.0 / 1.5
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)a / 0.6 / 0.3 / 0.4 / 0.4 / 0.3 / 0.2 / 0.3
Ukraine / 0.3 / 0.2 / 0.3 / 0.3 / 0.2 / 0.1 / 0.2
Africa / 1.2 / 1.5 / 4.5 / 5.3 / 5.9 / 3.1 / 3.2
Angola / 0.0 / 0.4 / 1.9 / 4.0 / 3.8 / 2.2 / 3.0
Middle East / 0.3 / 0.3 / 0.2 / 0.2 / 0.2 / 0.3 / 0.4
Israel / 0.3 / 0.3 / 0.2 / 0.2 / 0.2 / 0.2 / 0.2
Asia / 18.2 / 18.5 / 19.1 / 19.4 / 22.4 / 26.4 / 26.4
China / 7.2 / 7.4 / 8.2 / 8.5 / 10.0 / 11.4 / 12.0
Japan / 3.5 / 3.7 / 3.6 / 3.4 / 3.3 / 3.7 / 4.7
Six East Asian Traders / 5.2 / 5.4 / 5.2 / 5.5 / 6.9 / 9.3 / 7.4
Korea, Republic of / 2.8 / 3.1 / 3.1 / 3.6 / 4.7 / 7.2 / 5.6
Thailand / 0.6 / 0.6 / 0.5 / 0.5 / 0.8 / 0.9 / 0.7
Chinese Taipei / 1.1 / 1.1 / 0.9 / 0.8 / 0.8 / 0.6 / 0.5
Malaysia / 0.5 / 0.5 / 0.5 / 0.5 / 0.5 / 0.4 / 0.3
Singapore / 0.2 / 0.1 / 0.1 / 0.1 / 0.1 / 0.3 / 0.2
Hong Kong, China SAR / ... / ... / ... / ... / ... / ... / 0.1
Other Asia / 2.4 / 2.0 / 2.2 / 2.0 / 2.2 / 2.0 / 2.3
India / 0.5 / 0.4 / 0.4 / 0.5 / 0.5 / 0.5 / 0.8
Australia / 0.6 / 0.5 / 0.6 / 0.6 / 0.6 / 0.5 / 0.5
Other / 1.3 / 1.2 / 1.2 / 1.1 / 1.2 / 0.9 / 0.7
Areas n.e.s. / 1.3 / 1.2 / 1.2 / 1.1 / 1.2 / 0.9 / 0.7
Memorandum:
EC(15) / 19.4 / 18.5 / 15.7 / 16.6 / 14.6 / 13.7 / 12.1
a The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) includes Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan.