Medieval Changes World History/Napp

Medieval Changes World History/Napp

Medieval Changes World History/Napp

“While cathedral building and the Crusades were taking place, other important changes were occurring in medieval society. Between 1000 and 1300, agriculture, trade, and finance made significant advances. Towns and cities grew. This was in part due to the growing population and to territorial expansion of Western Europe. Cultural interaction with the Muslim and Byzantine worlds sparked the growth of learning and the birth of an institution new to Europe – the university.

Europe’s great revival would have been impossible without better ways of farming. Expanding civilization required an increased food supply. A warmer climate, which lasted from about 800 to 1200, brought improved farm production. Farmers began to cultivate lands in regions once too cold to grow crops. They also developed new methods to take advantage of more available land.

Around A.D. 800, some villages began to organize their lands into three fields instead of two. Two of the fields were planted and the other lay fallow (resting) for a year. Under this new three-field system, farmers could grow crops on two-thirds of their land each year, not just on half of it. As a result, food production increased. Villagers had more to eat. Well-fed people, especially children, could better resist disease and live longer, and as a result the European population grew dramatically.

A second change in Europe was the development of the guild. A guild was an organization of individuals in the same business or occupation working to improve the economic and social conditions of its members. The first guilds were merchant guilds. Merchants banded together to control the number of goods being traded and to keep prices up. They also provided security in trading and reduced losses. About the same time, skilled artisans, such as wheelwrights, glassmakers, winemakers, tailors, and druggists, began craft guilds. The guilds set standards for quality of work, wages, and working conditions.”

~ World History

Questions:

1- Identify significant changes in Western Europe between 1000 and 1300 C.E.

2- What sparked the birth of the university in Western Europe?

3- How did a warmer climate between 800 and 1200 C.E. benefit Europeans?

4- What was the three-field system and why did it increase food production?

5- Define guild.

6- What did guilds set standards for?

7- How did guilds benefit members?

Commercial Revolution / Banking / Urban Revival
- Increased availability of trade goods and new ways of doing business changed life in Europe
- Taken together, this expansion of trade and business is called the Commercial Revolution
- Local markets met all the needs of daily life for a small community
- No longer was everything produced on a self-sufficient manor
- More goods from foreign lands became available / - Traders needed large amounts of cash or credit and ways to exchange many types of currencies
- Letters of credit between merchants eliminated the need to carry large amounts of cash
- A letter of credit issued by a bank allowed the bearer to withdraw a specific amount of money from the bank or its branches
- Trading firms and associations formed to offer these services to their groups / - By the later Middle Ages, trade was the very lifeblood of the new towns, which sprung up at ports and crossroads, on hilltops, and along rivers
As trade grew, towns all over Europe swelled with people; the excitement and bustle of towns drew many people
- But streets were narrow, filled with animals and their waste
- With no sewers, most people dumped household and human waste into the street in front of the house
- A serf could now become free by living within a town for a year and a day

- Identify the many ways in which medieval society was changing and explain why these changes occurred and what these changes led to.

1. Increases in trade and commerce that occurred during the late Middle Ages in Europe resulted in
  1. lower living standards for guild members
  2. the development of more towns and cities
  3. a decline in rivalries between kings
  4. an increase in the number of self-sufficient manors
2. The European system of manorialism is most closely associated with
  1. promoting social mobility
  2. reviving and preserving learning
  3. serving the spiritual needs of society
  4. maintaining economic self-sufficiency
3. Pope Urban II, Saladin, and King Richard the Lion-Hearted are leaders associated with the
  1. Age of Charlemagne
  2. Crusades
  3. Glorious Revolution
  4. Counter Reformation
4. Feudalism and manorialism played an important role in western European society during the
  1. medieval period
  2. Pax Romana
  3. Enlightenment
  4. Age of Exploration
5. A primary goal of European Crusaders fighting in the Middle East was to
  1. establish markets for Italian merchants
  2. rescue Pope Urban II from the Byzantines
  3. halt the advance of Mongol armies in the Asian steppes
  4. secure access to Christian holy sites in Jerusalem
8. *Stained glass windows assist people in understanding Biblical stories.
*Taller and larger cathedrals emphasize the grandeur and glory of God.
These statements best describe elements of
  1. the Four Noble Truths
  2. Chinese pagodas
  3. Gothic architecture
  4. Greek ideas
9. Which institution served as the primary unifying force in medieval western Europe?
  1. legislature
  2. church
  3. monarchy
  4. military
10. What was one direct result of the Crusades?
  1. Trade increased between Europe and the Middle East.
  2. Islamic kingdoms expanded into Europe.
  3. Arabs and Christians divided the city of Jerusalem between them.
  4. Alexander the Great became a powerful leader in Eurasia.
11. During the feudal period in Europe, power and position in society were based on the
  1. amount of money earned
  2. level of education achieved
  3. number of slaves owned
  4. amount of land possessed
12. Revival of trade in western Europe, decline of feudalism, revival of interest in learning, and cultural interaction with the Middle East are associated with the
  1. impact of the Crusades
  2. effects of the barter system
  3. growth of the Maya Empire
  4. rise of Charlemagne
/ Base your answer to the question on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies.
… I, John of Toul, make known that I am the liege man of the lady Beatrice, countess of Troyes, and of her son, Theobald, count of Champagne, against every creature, living or dead, saving my allegiance to lord Enjorand of Coucy, lord John of Arcis, and the count of Grandpré. If it should happen that the count of Grandpré should be at war with the countess and count of Champagne on his own quarrel, I will aid the count of Grandpré in my own person, and will send to the count and the countess of Champagne the knights whose service I owe to them for the fief which I hold of them. But if the count of Grandpré shall make war on the countess and the count of Champagne on behalf of his friends and not in his own quarrel, I will aid in my own person the countess and count of Champagne, and will send one knight to the count of Grandpré for the service which I owe him for the fief which I hold of him, but I will not go myself into the territory of the count of Grandpré to make war on him.…
6. In which period of western European history was the relationship described in this passage most common?
  1. Neolithic
  2. Classical
  3. Medieval
  4. Napoleonic
7. In the European feudal system under manorialism, what is the most significant economic commodity?
  1. livestock
  2. land
  3. gold and silver
  4. sugar and spices
13. Which circumstance best describes a long-term result of the Crusades?
  1. Muslim control of Jerusalem ended.
  2. Feudalism began in western Europe.
  3. Cultural exchanges between the Middle East and Europe grew.
  4. Christians and Muslims achieved a lasting peace.
Base your answer to the questions on the diagram below and on your knowledge of social studies.

14. Most economic activities on this feudal manor were related to
  1. guilds
  2. industry
  3. banking
  4. agriculture
15. Which economic concept can be inferred from this diagram?
  1. self-sufficiency
  2. inflation
  3. trade embargo
  4. competition
16. What was one result of large armies traveling great distances during the Crusades?
  1. Europe’s population severely declined.
  2. Democracy in the Middle East grew.
  3. Cultural diffusion increased.
  4. Slavery was eliminated.

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