Name:Date:Period:

Medical Foundations

Famous Scientists

Match the famous scientist to his or her contribution to medicine.

_____ 1. Hippocratesa. described the circulation of blood and the pumping of the heart

_____ 2. Leonardo da Vincib. the father of medicine, wrote the standard of ethics as a physician’s oath

_____ 3. William Harveyc. discovered the fallopian tubes of the female anatomy

_____ 4. Gabriele Fallopiusd. studied and recorded the anatomy of the body

_____ 5. Bartolommeo Eustachioa. invented the microscope, establishing that life is smaller than the eye can see

_____ 6. Anton van Leeuwenhoekb. discovered the element oxygen, observed how plants refresh the air

_____ 7. René Laënnecc. invented the stethoscope to hear the heart and lungs

_____ 8. Joseph Priestleyd. discovered the tube leading from the ear to the throat

_____ 9. Benjamin Franklina. discovered bifocal glasses and that colds can be passed from person to person

_____ 10. Edward Jennerb. “Father of Microbiology”, discovered tiny microorganisms cause disease

_____ 11. Ignaz Semmelweisc. discovered a method of vaccination for smallpox, saving millions of lives

_____ 12. Louis Pasteurd. identified the cause of childbed fever, established the importance of hand washing between treating patients

_____ 13. Joseph Listera. developed the culture plate method to identify pathogens and isolated the bacterium that causes tuberculosis

_____ 14. Ernst von Bergmannb. discovered x-rays in 1895, took the first picture using his wife’s hand

_____ 15. Robert Kochc. first doctor to use an antiseptic to kill germs during surgery

_____ 16. Wilhelm Roentgend. developed asepsis, a method of keeping an area clean during surgery

_____ 17. Paul Erlicha. discovered that viruses that cause disease cannot be seen with a microscope

_____ 18. Gerhard Domagkb. began the use of chemicals to fight disease, including a treatment for syphilis

_____ 19. Dmitri Ivanovskic. discovered sulfonamide compounds, used to kill deadly diseases

_____ 20. Sigmund Freudd. studied the conscious and unconscious parts of the mind, found the mind and body work together, his studies were the basis of psychology and psychiatry

_____ 21. Alexander Fleminga. used a live polio virus vaccine, which is more effective

_____ 22. Jonas Salkb. found that penicillin killed life-threatening bacteria

_____ 23. Albert Sabinc. discovered the dead polio virus provided an immunization against poliomyelitis

_____ 24. Crick and Watsona. pioneer in separating Siamese twins and performing hemispherectomies
_____ 25. Christian Barnardb. performed the first successful heart transplant in 1968
_____ 26. Ben Carsonc. created a nursing school that raised standards of care and made nursing a

respectable profession

_____ 27. Florence Nightingale d. discovered the double helix structure of DNA which explained replication

and the coding of hereditary information

Review Questions:

  1. What did early human beings believe caused illnesses and disease?
  1. Who were the first people to organize medical care?
  1. Name two ways that medical progress was made during the Renaissance period.
  1. Which discoveries in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries led to safer surgeries?
  1. How does technology continue to improve medical care today?

Famous Scientists*Answer key

Match the famous scientist to his or her contribution to medicine.

__B___ 1. Hippocratesa. described the circulation of blood and the pumping of the heart

__D___ 2. Leonardo da Vincib. the father of medicine, wrote the standard of ethics as a physician’s oath

__A___ 3. William Harveyc. discovered the fallopian tubes of the female anatomy

__C___ 4. Gabriele Fallopiusd. studied and recorded the anatomy of the body

__D___ 5. Bartolommeo Eustachioa. invented the microscope, establishing that life is smaller than the eye can see

__A___ 6. Anton van Leeuwenhoekb. discovered the element oxygen, observed how plants refresh the air

__C___ 7. René Laënnecc. invented the stethoscope to hear the heart and lungs

__B___ 8. Joseph Priestleyd. discovered the tube leading from the ear to the throat

__A___ 9. Benjamin Franklina. discovered bifocal glasses and that colds can be passed from person to person

__C___ 10. Edward Jennerb. “Father of Microbiology”, discovered tiny microorganisms cause disease

__D___ 11. Ignaz Semmelweisc. discovered a method of vaccination for smallpox, saving millions of lives

__B___ 12. Louis Pasteurd. identified the cause of childbed fever, established the importance of hand washing between treating patients

__C___ 13. Joseph Listera. developed the culture plate method to identify pathogens and isolated the bacterium that causes tuberculosis

__D___ 14. Ernst von Bergmannb. discovered x-rays in 1895, took the first picture using his wife’s hand

__A___ 15. Robert Kochc. first doctor to use an antiseptic to kill germs during surgery

__B___ 16. Wilhelm Roentgend. developed asepsis, a method of keeping an area clean during surgery

__B___ 17. Paul Erlicha. discovered that viruses that cause disease cannot be seen with a microscope

__C___ 18. Gerhard Domagkb. began the use of chemicals to fight disease, including a treatment for syphilis

__A___ 19. Dmitri Ivanovskic. discovered sulfonamide compounds, used to kill deadly diseases

__D___ 20. Sigmund Freudd. studied the conscious and unconscious parts of the mind, found the mind and body work together, his studies were the basis of psychology and psychiatry

__B___ 21. Alexander Fleminga. used a live polio virus vaccine, which is more effective

__C___ 22. Jonas Salkb. found that penicillin killed life-threatening bacteria

__A___ 23. Albert Sabinc. discovered the dead polio virus provided an immunization against poliomyelitis

__D___ 24. Crick and Watsona. pioneer in separating Siamese twins and performing hemispherectomies
__B___ 25. Christian Barnardb. performed the first successful heart transplant in 1968
__A___ 26. Ben Carsonc. created a nursing school that raised standards of care and made nursing a

respectable profession

__C___ 27. Florence Nightingale d. discovered the double helix structure of DNA which explained replication

and the coding of hereditary information