MAP (Chemistry, Cells & Tissue)
1
Unit 2 – Basic Principles of Body Chemistry
Test Bank
2.01 – Review the following terms & concepts (states of matter, elements, basic components of the atom [nucleus, electrons, protons, & neutrons], ions [electrolytes])
1. The following are all states of matter EXCEPT:
a. solid
b. fire
c. gas
d. liquid
2. A/an element that has more electrons than protons is called a/an:
a. anion
b. cation
c. isotope
d. quark
3. Anything that occupies space and has mass is known as:
a. an element
b. an atom
c. material
d. matter
4. The structures within the nucleus of an atom that have a positive charge are:
a. protons
b. neutrons
c. electrons
d. freons
5. True/ False - Neutrons have a negative charge
6. True/False – An atom consists of two main parts, the nucleus and protons
7. The kind of element is determined by the number of:
a. Neutrons
b. Protons
c. Electrons
d. Orbitals
8. When atoms combine, they may gain or lose:
a. nuclei
b. neutrons
c. protons
d. electrons
9. Matter is any substance that has mass and occupies
a. time
b. distance
c. space
d. gravity
10. Which of the following is the largest in size?
a. molecule
b. proton
c. atom
d. electron
11. The atomic number represents the number of:
a. electrons in an ion
b. protons in an atom
c. neutrons in an atom
d. neutrons and electrons
12. All atoms with the same atomic number are grouped into:
a. compounds
b. isotopes
c. molecules
d. elements
13. The mass number of an atom indicates the number of:
a. protons and neutrons in the nucleus
b. protons & electrons in an atom
c. protons in the nucleus
d. electrons in the outer shells
14. Radioisotopes have unstable:
a. electron clouds
b. protons
c. nuclei
d. ions
15. The chemical behavior of an atom is determined by:
a. the number of protons
b. the mass of the atom
c. the number of neutrons
d. the number & arrangement of electrons.
16. During ionization, water molecules disrupt the ionic bonds of a solute and a mixture of ions is produced. These ions are called?
a. anions
b. dissociates
c. electrolytes
d. cations
17. Inorganic compounds that are soluble and whose ions will conduct an electrical current are called?
a. covalent bonds
b. hydrophobic
c. hydrations spheres
d. electrolytes
2.02 – Identify the four major elements in the body
18. The four most abundant elements in a living system includes:
a. carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, & sodium
b. carbon, hydrogen, oxygen & calcium
c. calcium, phosphorus, nitrogen, & oxygen
d. carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, & nitrogen
19. Which of the following elements are not among the most common in living organisms?
a. carbon
b. sodium
c. oxygen
d. nitrogen
20. Which of the following is NOT one of the four most abundant elements in the body?
a. C
b. O
c. P
d. N
2.03 – Differentiate between a compound & a molecule
21. Two or more atoms of the SAME element chemically bonded together is best described as
a/an:
a. compound
b. isotope
c. molecule
d. mixture
22. A substance that can be broken down into two or more DIFFERENT elements is known as a/an:
a. mixture
b. compound
c. atom
d. isotope
23. A substance that cannot be decomposed by ordinary chemical means is called:
a. an atom
b. an element
c. a compound
d. a molecule
24. True/False – All molecules are compounds but not all compounds are molecules.
25. A substance containing atoms of different elements that are bonded together is called a/an:
a. molecule
b. compound
d. isotope
c. solution
2.04– Differentiate between a cation and an anion.
26. Ions with a positive charge are called:
- Anions
- Radicals
- Isotopes
- cations
2.05 – Describe the characteristics of ionic, covalent, & hydrogen bonds.
27. The type of molecular bond in which there is a transfer of electrons from one element to another is called a/an:
a. covalent bond
b. ionic bond
c. hydrogen bond
d. dependent bond
28. The sharing of electrons is what type of bond?
a. ionic
b. covalent
c. anionic
d. cationic
29. In living cells, the weakest bond between two or more atoms is the _____ bond.
a. ionic
b. hydrogen
c. covalent
d. polar
2. 06 – Define pH
30. The concentration of hydrogen & hydroxide ions in a solution is measured by:
a. pH
b. oximetry
c. electophoresis
d. spectrometry
31. A substance that dissolves or ionizes in a solution into an anion and a cation, neither of which is a hydrogen or hydroxide ion is known as a/an:
a. acid
b. base
c. salt
d. metalloid
2. 07 – Categorize acidic, basic, or neutral solutions based on the pH of a solution.
32. A solution with a pH of 7.0 is considered:
a. acidic
b. basic
c. alkaline
d. neutral
33. The pH of stomach fluid is very acidic, which of the following best describes the pH;
a. 2.7
b. 5.2
c. 9.5
d. 7.3
34. A solution that contains a greater concentration of hydroxide ions (0H-) than hydrogen (H+) ions is a/an:
a. acidic solution
b. basic solution
c. neutral solution
d. isotonic solution
35. A solution containing equal numbers of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions is:
a. neutral
b. basic
c. acidic
d. alkaline
36. Which of the following substances would be least acidic?
a. white wine, pH – 3
b. lemon juice, pH – 2
c. urine, pH – 6
d. tomato juice, pH 4
37. If a substance has a pH that is greater than 7, it is:
a. acidic
b. neutral
c. alkaline
d. salt
2. 08 – Distinguish between “neutral” pH and the “average” pH range of blood.
38. The pH of blood is:
a. slightly acidic
b. slightly basic
c. strongly acidic
d. strongly basic
2.09 – Describe the properties of water & how it is utilized in the human body.
39. All of the following are properties of water EXCEPT:
a. a good lubricant
b. a good insulator
c. a good source of energy
d. a good solvent
40. What is the inorganic compound necessary for circulation?
a. water
b. carbon dioxide
c. oxygen
d. glucose
41. An inorganic compound necessary for circulation is:
a. water
b. salt
c. carbon dioxide
d. glucose
2.10 – Distinguish between inorganic and organic compounds.
42. Compounds that contain carbon, are covalently bonded, are flammable, and are usually large are:
a. inorganic compounds
b. organic compounds
c. inert gases
d. metals
43. Inorganic compounds do NOT usually contain
a. oxygen
b. carbon
c. nitrogen
d. hydrogen
44. Which of the following is NOT an organic compound?
a. carbohydrate
b. proteins
c. water
d. lipid
2.11 – Describe the structures and functions of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, & nucleic acids
45. The type of fat that is solid at room temperature:
a. saturated fat
b. mono unsaturated fat
c. poly unsaturated fat
d. glycerol
46. Amino acids are smaller sub units molecules of larger organic molecules known as:
a. protein
b. carbohydrates
c. lipids
d. alcohols
47. When a protein acts as a catalyst to speed up or alter the rate of a chemical reaction it is said to be functioning as a/an:
a. myofilament
b. enzyme
c. hormone receptor site
d. cell identity marker
48. The organic compound that makes up the structural unit of DNA is:
a. nucleic acid
b. lipids
c. carbohydrates
d. proteins
49. Which of the following molecules is a lipid based molecule:
a. cholesterol
b. RNA
c. enzymes
d. disaccharides
50. Which of the following nitrogen bases pairs with adenine in RNA?
a. uracil
b. thymine
c. cytosine
d. guanine
51. The element that is present in proteins but NOT in carbohydrates is:
a. carbon
b. hydrogen
c. oxygen
d. nitrogen
52. Carbohydrate molecules:
a. contain the genetic information found in cells
b. are composed of C, H, O, and N atoms
c. form regulatory molecules known as enzymes
d. are the body’s more readily available source of energy
53. The most important metabolic fuel molecule in the body is:
a. vitamins
b. sucrose
c. protein
d. glucose
56. Which of the following is NOT a function of protein?
a. transport
b. storage of genetic information
c. metabolic regulation
d. support
63. Molecules that store and process genetic information are the:
a. lipids
b. nucleic acids
c. proteins
d. carbohydrates
2.12– Describe how the body produces energy during cellular respiration.
64. Which of the following substances is the main source of energy in the body?
- AMP c. ADP
- Ach d. ATP