Manifest Destiny/Civil War Test

  • Manifest Destiny
  • Wanted to get more land because of belief in Manifest Destiny and the South’s desire to expand slavery
  • Gold Rush in California accelerated statehood process
  • Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo- Mexico ceded territory to the United States (present day New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, Nevada, and California)
  • Texas annexation and Mexican cession brings in many more Spanish speakers
  • Wilmot Proviso- proposed to ban slavery in new territories because the North did not want an increase in slave states- it did not pass.
  • Causes of the Civil War
  • Long Term Causes
  • Sectionalism- factories in the North; cotton gin in the South; leads to more political divisions
  • “You dare not make war on King Cotton”  cotton was the largest and most valuable export
  • slavery
  • states’ rights- used mainly by Southern states
  • Short Term Causes
  • Dred Scott v. Sandford- slaves were ruled property; made tensions worse between North and South
  • Uncle Tom’s Cabin
  • John Brown’s Raid
  • William Lloyd Garrison and Frederick Douglass’s newspapers
  • Compromises (all extended slavery)
  • Missouri Compromise 1820- established the 36 30 line [HENRY CLAY]
  • Compromise of 1850- California was a free state; land dispute between TX and NM (NM got the land, TX got $10 million); strict Fugitive Slave Act made it difficult for slaves to secure freedom [HENRY CLAY]
  • Kansas Nebraska Act- permitted slavery north of the line; popular sovereignty established; repealed the Missouri Compromise
  • Abolitionists responded by using the Underground Railroad
  • Political Parties
  • Whigs- split over slavery and died out
  • Know Nothings- anti-immigrant; nativists; mainly in cities
  • Republicans- most supported preventing the expansion of slavery
  • Election of 1860
  • Lincoln wins; democratic vote splits
  • South is upset because they did not put Lincoln’s name on ballot
  • South feels powerless and is worried about slavery ending
  • SC secedes in December 1860
  • Advantages/Disadvantages
  • North- more railroads; able to transport supplies and troops quicker; more stable economy than the South
  • Anaconda Plan- blockade the Southern coastline; take over MS River and split Confederacy in half; take Richmond
  • South- hand more large farms; fired up for war
  • Strategy: fight a defensive war and get Britain to ally with them
  • British did not ally even though South exported large amounts of cotton to Britain
  • Shortage of workers and massive casualties required Southern women to take up traditional male jobs
  • Politics of the War
  • Emancipation Proclamation- declared slavery illegal in the Confederate states only; made abolishing slavery the primary goal of the war
  • Gettysburg Address- introduced the idea that the Union would be preserved without slavery
  • Battles
  • Fort Sumter- Lincoln sends provisions to SC; Confederate gunners fire
  • Bull Run- 1st real battle- Southern troops surprised the North
  • Antietam- Lee’s battle plan is found by McClellan; North wins but McClellan did not pursue Lee so Lincoln fired him
  • Gettysburg- Confederate troops decimated because of unsuccessful charges; turning point of the war in the North’s favor
  • Vicksburg- Union troops take control of the MS River led by General Grant
  • Appomattox- Lee surrenders to Grant
  • Civil war ends in Union victory