Appendix
The investigated mandibles are listed here according to the collections and the localities. The FAD-sizes of the right (d) and left (s) mandibles are measured in cm² and follow the collection numbers and the FAD-stages.
Mammuthus primigenius BLUMENBACH 1799
The list should be set in petite
(one specimen per row)
Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Stuttgart (SMNS)
Oberrheingraben, various gravel pits in deposits of the RheineRiver, Upper Pleistocene:
Altlußheim, near Speyer:
SMNS 6717.4.5.74.1; FAD-stage 7; d. = 92,9; s. = 85,7.
SMNS 6616.15.6.65.1; FAD-stage 9, d. = 45,4; s. = 47,1.
SMNS 6717.2.5.65.1; FAD-stage 11; d. = 158,5.
Altrip, South of Mannheim:
SMNS 6516.4.8.70.5; FAD-stage 6; d. = 75,0; s. = 73,7.
SMNS 6516.4.10.65.1; FAD-stage 7; d. = 91,2; s. = 81,7.
SMNS 6516.4.6.72.1; FAD-stage 9; d. = 134,6; s. = 126,8.
SMNS 6516.4.3.69.2; FAD-stage 11; d. = 114,1; s. = 116,2.
SMNS 6516.4.6.66.3; FAD-stage 11; d. = 130,4; s. = 141,8.
Brühl, South of Mannheim:
SMNS 6616.2.6.89.5; FAD-stage 4; d. = 60,1; s. = 57,3.
SMNS 6517.3.3.63.1; FAD-stage 6; d. = 41,5.
SMNS 6517.5.3.73.6; FAD-stage 6; d. = 73,0.
SMNS 6616.2.9.90.12; FAD-stage 7; s. = 77,1.
SMNS 6517.5.3.73.7; FAD-stage 7; d. = 54,9.
SMNS 6517.3.5.63.1; FAD-stage 8; d. = 62,0.
SMNS 6517.3.3.65.1; FAD-stage 8; d. = 97,5; s. = 92,6.
SMNS 6616.17.7.80.4; FAD-stage 9; s. = 91,2.
SMNS 6617.2.10.72.11; FAD-stage 9; d. = 62,9; s. = 62,8.
SMNS 6616.1.2.74.1; FAD-stage 10; d. = 128,5; s. = 125,0.
SMNS 6517.5.7.73.1; FAD-stage 10; d. = 117,2.
SMNS 6616.14.10.79.1; FAD-stage 11; d. = 164,4; s. = 157,0.
SMNS 6616.2.7.79.10; FAD-stage 11; d. = 90,7; s. = 96,6.
SMNS 6517.5.3.73.5; FAD-stage 11; d. = 128,1.
SMNS 6517.3.9.62.2; FAD-stage 11; d. = 135,0.
SMNS 6517.5.11.63.2; FAD-stage 11; d. = 167,8; s. = 139,8.
SMNS 6617.2.1.67.3; FAD-stage 11; s. = 140,8.
SMNS 6617.2.4.68.1; FAD-stage 11; s. = 114,2.
SMNS 6617.2.7.67.1; FAD-stage 11; d. = 159,9; s. = 173,0.
Bürstadt, near Lampertheim:
SMNS 6316.1.12.75.1; FAD-stage 10; d. = 88,7; s. = 88,3.
Edingen, near Heidelberg:
SMNS 6617.1.6.80.4; FAD-stage 7; d. = 64,5; s. = 64,7.
SMNS 6617.1.9.79.5; FAD-stage 9; d. = 87,3.
SMNS 6617.1.6.77.1; FAD-stage 10; d. = 130,5; s. = 130,6.
SMNS 6617.1.7.81.3; FAD-stage 10; s. = 173,6.
SMNS 6517.4.3.74.1; FAD-stage 10; d. = 130,4.
SMNS 6517.4.3.83.1; FAD-stage 10; s. = 114,7.
Eggenstein, North of Karlsuhe:
SMNS 6916.1.11.63.2; FAD-stage 6; d. = 53,9; s. = 57,4.
Heddesheim, near Mannheim:
SMNS 6417.1.12.74.1; FAD-stage 8; s. = 104,6.
SMNS 6417.1.6.77.1; FAD-stage 10; d. = 110,6.
SMNS 6417.1.12.77.3; FAD-stage 10; d. = 113,1; s. = 100,5.
SMNS 6417.1.7.74.1; FAD-stage 11; d. = 143,7.
SMNS 6417.1.12.76.5; FAD-stage 11; d. = 151,3; s. = 138,4.
SMNS 6417.1.3.75.1; FAD-stage 11; s. = 166,4.
SMNS 6417.1.12.76.4; FAD-stage 12; d. = 73,6; s. = 69,2.
SMNS 6417.1.3.73.1; FAD-stage 12; s. = 33,7.
Hockenheim, near Heidelberg:
SMNS 6617.10.4.62.1; FAD-stage 10; d. = 113,6; s. = 109,4.
SMNS 6617.10.12.61.1; FAD-stage 10; d. = 106,6.
Hüttenheim, South of Duisburg:
SMNS 6816.4.6.66.2; FAD-stage 11; d. = 124,4; s. = 110,5.
Ketsch, near Heidelberg:
SMNS 6617.7.3.64.2; FAD-stage 8; d. = 89,2; FAD-stage 9; s. = 69,0.
SMNS 6617.6.6.64.1; FAD-stage 9; s. = 67,3.
SMNS 6617.6.4.65.2; FAD-stage 11; d. = 166,8; s. = 169,5.
SMNS 6617.6.9.62.1; FAD-stage 11; d. = 152,0; s. = 132,5.
SMNS 6617.7.3.64.1; FAD-stage 11; d. = 62,1; FAD-stage 12; s. = 57,6.
SMNS 6617.7.7.65.1; FAD-stage 11; d. = 142,4.
SMNS 6617.7.10.64.1; FAD-stage 11; d. = 129,4.
SMNS 6617.5.9.64.1; FAD-stage 11; s. = 133,1.
SMNS 6617.5.11.82.2; FAD-stage 11; s. = 93,8.
SMNS 6617.6.3.64.1; FAD-stage 11; s. = 159,7.
Kuhardt, North of Karlsruhe:
SMNS 6816.10.6.66.1; FAD-stage 11; d. = 147,4.
Lampertheim, near Worms:
SMNS 6316.2.6.72.1; FAD-stage 3; d. = 13,0; s. = 13,1.
SMNS 6316.2.2.74.1; FAD-stage 4; d. = 24,5; s. 26,8.
SMNS 6316.2.12.77.1; FAD-stage 4; s. = 17,9.
SMNS 6316.2.3.75.1; FAD-stage 5; d. = 31,9; s. = 34,3.
SMNS 6316.2.12.88.1; FAD-stage 5; d. = 40,7; s. = 41,3.
SMNS 6316.2.8.75.3; FAD-stage 7; d. = 57,8.
SMNS 6316.2.12.72.1; FAD-stage 7; d. = 43,3; s. = 30,1.
SMNS 6316.2.2.82.3; FAD-stage 8; d. = 75,0.
SMNS 6316.2.2.87.5; FAD-stage 8; d. = 109,7.
SMNS 6316.2.10.85.4; FAD-stage 8; d. = 55,7.
SMNS 6316.2.12.75.4; FAD-stage 8; d. = 73,4; s. = 74,4.
SMNS 6316.3.3.80.2; FAD-stage 8; s. = 95,0.
SMNS 6316.2.12.70.2; FAD-stage 9; d. = 101,3; s. = 100,0.
SMNS 6316.2.11.82.3; FAD-stage 9; s. = 99,6.
SMNS 6316.2.6.69.2; FAD-stage 10; d. = 149,0; s. = 169,2.
SMNS 6316.2.7.74.2; FAD-stage 10; d. = 109,3; s. = 98,6.
SMNS 6316.4.3.73.2; FAD-stage 10; d. = 90,5.
SMNS 6316.2.2.82.4; FAD-stage 11; d. = 136,7; s. = 121,4.
SMNS 6316.2.6.81.3; FAD-stage 11; s. = 93,7.
SMNS 6316.2.10.72.1; FAD-stage 11; d. = 130,9.
Langenbrücken, South of Heidelberg:
SMNS 6717.15.10.75.1; FAD-stage 11; d. = 133,3; s. = 133,8.
Ludwigshafen, near Mannheim:
SMNS 6516.4.2.66.1; FAD-stage 11; s. = 105,5.
Mannheim-Rheinau:
SMNS 6517.2.5.74.2; FAD-stage 6; d. = 64,4; s. = 72,2.
SMNS 6517.2.7.67.2; FAD-stage 7; d. = 78,5; s. = 74,1.
SMNS 6517.2.4.67.6; FAD-stage 8; s. = 76,9.
SMNS 6517.2.3.73.2; FAD-stage 9; d. = 121,7; s. = 124,1.
SMNS 6517.2.2.67.1; FAD-stage 11; d. = 91,6; s. = 90,1.
SMNS 6517.2.7.73.2; FAD-stage 11; d. = 135,9; s. = 102,3.
SMNS 6517.2.7.74.2; FAD-stage 11; d. = 98,1; s. = 94,4.
SMNS 6517.2.10.66.1; FAD-stage 11; d. = 112,0; s. = 89,5.
Mannheim-Wallstadt:
SMNS 6417.2.6.80.5; FAD-stage 8; d. = 68,7; s. = 81,5.
SMNS 6417.2.3.80.1; FAD-stage 10; d. = 120,1.
SMNS 6417.2.8.79.2; FAD-stage 10; d. = 109,4; s. = 106,9.
Mechtersheim, near Speyer:
SMNS 6716.3.12.67.1; FAD-stage 11; d. = 163,7; s. = 168,5.
Mingolsheim, South of Heidelberg:
SMNS 6717.11.6.74.1; FAD-stage 12; s. = 6,6.
Oberhausen, near Duisburg:
SMNS 6716.4.12.65.20; FAD-stage 10; d. = 146,3; s. = 109,8.
SMNS 6717.9.10.66.3; FAD-stage 11; d. = 170,1.
SMNS 6717.9.10.66.2; FAD-stage 11; d. = 119,8; s. = 99,6.
Otterstadt, near Heidelberg:
SMNS 6616.7.6.87.1; FAD-stage 3; d. = 3,6; s. = 3,5.
SMNS 6616.7.7.79.1; FAD-stage 6; d. = 57,4; s. = 59,9.
SMNS 6616.8.3.66.1; FAD-stage 8; d. = 87,6; s. = 86,9.
SMNS 6616.7.8.86.1; FAD-stage 8; d. = 83,1; s. = 83,4.
SMNS 6616.3.7.74.1; FAD-stage 9; d. = 135,7; s. = 127,8.
SMNS 6616.4.9.85.8; FAD-stage 10; d. = 109,0.
SMNS 6616.4.9.91.2; FAD-stage 10; d. = 107,1.
SMNS 6616.4.10.86.11; FAD-stage 10; d. = 153,0.
SMNS 6616.4.12.87.4; FAD-stage 10; d. = 155,0; s. = 130,5.
SMNS 6616.4.10.86.9; FAD-stage 10; s. = 165,1.
SMNS 6616.4.1.87.10; FAD-stage 10; d. = 111,9; s. = 112,2.
SMNS 6616.6.12.77.1; FAD-stage 11; d. = 105,8; s. = 113,7.
SMNS 6616.16.4.81.12; FAD-stage 11; d. = 115,3.
SMNS 6616.7.9.74.2; FAD-stage 12; d. = 87,7.
Reilingen, South of Heidelberg:
SMNS 6717.1.12.74.1; FAD-stage 10; d. = 148,8; FAD-stage 11; s. = 117,5.
Rheinhausen, South of Strasbourg:
SMNS 6717.8.11.73.1; FAD-stage 6; d. = 81,7.
SMNS 6717.7.8.64.1; FAD-stage 9; d. = 83,0; s. = 91,4.
SMNS 6717.7.10.64.1; FAD-stage 9; d. = 99,2; s. = 107,4.
SMNS 6717.7.4.68.1; FAD-stage 10; d. = 103,7; s. = 104,8.
SMNS 6717.7.8.66.3; FAD-stage 10; d. = 126,7.
SMNS 6717.8.5.79.1; FAD-stage 11; d. = 71,9; s. = 87,4.
SMNS 6717.8.11.82.1; FAD-stage 11; d. = 121,7; s. = 129,0.
SMNS 6717.8.4.81.1; FAD-stage 11; d. = 85,3; s. = 91,6.
SMNS 6717.8.6.69.1; FAD-stage 11; d. = 105,1; s. = 99,6.
SMNS 6717.8.9.78.3; FAD-stage 11; d. = 101,0; s. = 101,3.
SMNS 6717.8.3.69.1; FAD-stage 11; d. = 133,5; s. = 132,1.
SMNS 6617.7.7.66.3; FAD-stage 11; d. = 99,9; s. = 106,6.
SMNS 6717.7.1.67.1; FAD-stage 11; d. = 115,5; s. = 115,7.
SMNS 6717.7.10.67.2; FAD-stage 11; d. = 153,5; s. = 185,8.
SMNS 6717.7.3.66.1; FAD-stage 12; d. = 68,3; s. = 62,1.
Speyer:
SMNS 6616.12.5.67.2; FAD-stage 5; d. = 36,8; s. = 36,7.
SMNS 6616.9.3.75.1; FAD-stage 6; d. = 56,6; s. = 52,2.
SMNS 6616.10.10.66.1; FAD-stage 7; d. = 71,8; s. = 73,6.
SMNS 6616.12.10.65.1; FAD-stage 7; d. = 44,7; s. = 43,6.
SMNS 6616.12.2.67.1; FAD-stage 8; d. = 61,8; s. = 56,0.
SMNS 6616.12.9.68.3; FAD-stage 8; d. = 75,2; s. = 71,4.
SMNS 6616.12.9.69.3; FAD-stage 8; d. = 72,5.
SMNS 6616.11.9.69.1; FAD-stage 9; d. = 95,4; s. = 99,2.
SMNS 6616.10.5.2000.1; FAD-stage 10; d. = 127,3.
SMNS 6616.12.9.68.2; FAD-stage 10; s. = 168,3.
SMNS 6616.12.10.69.2; FAD-stage 10; d. = 84,7; s. = 90,0.
SMNS 6616.10.6.99.5; FAD-stage 11; d. = 116,5; s. = 121,2.
SMNS 6616.13.9.72.2; FAD-stage 11; d. = 140,7; s. = 140,7.
SMNS 6616.12.4.66.2; FAD-stage 12; d. = 86,7; s. = 75,4.
St. Leon, South of Heidelberg:
SMNS 6717.5.8.64.2; FAD-stage 9; s. = 102,4.
SMNS 6717.5.5.64.1; FAD-stage 10; d. = 108,0; s. = 110,0.
SMNS 6717.6.10.74.1; FAD-stage 11; d. = 110,3.
SMNS 6717.6.7.81.2; FAD-stage 11; d. = 128,5.
SMNS 6717.6.8.74.2; FAD-stage 12; d. = 37,6; s. = 9,5.
Wiesental, near Heidelberg:
SMNS 6717.13.6.92.1; FAD-stage 6; s. = 72,9.
SMNS 6717.13.6.92.2; FAD-stage 6; d. = 76,9; s. = 66,3.
SMNS 6717.13.2.90.1; FAD-stage 11; s. = 142,7.
No locality:
SMNS 6316.4.10.72.1; FAD-stage 4; d. = 22,8.
Middle Pleistocene deposits of the NeckarRiver:
Steinheim a.d. Murr, near Ludwigsburg:
SMNS ST 12869.209; FAD-stage 4; d. = 44,3; s. = 42,1.
SMNS ST 13145.144-145; FAD-stage 11; d. = 170,6; s. = 166,4.
Collection Frank Menger, Groß-Rohrheim
Northern Oberrheingarben, various gravel pits in deposits of the RheineRiver, Upper Pleistocene:
Bensheim, South of Darmstadt:
Meng 1033 (Abguss); FAD-stage 2; d. = 5,1; s. = 4,0.
Meng 1031; FAD-stage 3; d. = 22,6.
Meng 1011 (31A); FAD-stage 4; d. = 57,7; s. = 62,5.
Meng 1030; FAD-stage 4; d. = 44,1; s. =44,2.
Meng 1005; FAD-stage 5; d. = 55,6; s. = 54,1.
Meng 1009; FAD-stage 6; d. = 74,4; s. = 69,8.
Meng 1014; FAD-stage 6; d. = 59,1; s. = 54,8.
Meng 1001; FAD-stage 10; d. = 119,7; s. = 123,5.
Meng 1017; FAD-stage 10; d. = 166,4; s. = 179,2.
Meng 1019; FAD-stage 10; d. = 158,4; s. = 149,5.
Meng 1021; FAD-stage 10; d. = 187,2; s. = 186,3.
Biblis, North of Mannheim:
Meng 1013; FAD-stage 5; d. = 44,2; s. = 46,0.
Meng 1018; FAD-stage 11; d. = 207,3; s. = 205,4.
Biebesheim, near Darmstadt:
Meng 1016; FAD-stage 12; d. = 90,3; s. = 104,3.
Crumstadt, near Darmstadt:
Meng 1048 (35A); FAD-stage 9; d. = 97,2; s. = 100,9.
Meng 1028; FAD-stage 11; d. = 20,5; s. = 97,1.
Eich, North of Worms:
Meng 1004; FAD-stage 9; d. = 133,8; s. = 139,6.
Meng 1025; 1025 11 s. = 231,5.
Meng 1026; FAD-stage 11; s. = 197,5.
Meng 1029; FAD-stage 11; d. = 97,8; s. = 107,6.
Meng 1024; FAD-stage 12; d. = 116,1.
Geinsheim, West of Darmstadt:
Meng 1032; FAD-stage 3; d. = 3,5.
Meng 1038; FAD-stage 3; d. = 19,3; s. = 20,6.
Meng 1012; FAD-stage 7; d. = 58,4; s. = 58,5.
Meng 1006; FAD-stage 11; d. = 205,9; s. = 202,5.
Meng 1020; FAD-stage 11; d. = 203,6; s. = 210,3.
Meng 1022; FAD-stage 11; d. = 185,1.
Meng 1023; 1 FAD-stage 11; s. = 135,6.
Gimbsheim, near Darmstadt:
Meng 1007; FAD-stage 9; d. = 134,3; s. = 134,9.
Meng 1002; FAD-stage 10; d. = 134,7; s. = 127,7.
Groß-Rohrheim, near Worms:
Meng 1010; FAD-stage 4; d. = 46,2.
Meng 1036; FAD-stage 4; d. = 35,7.
Meng 1035; FAD-stage 5; d. = 51,8; s. = 51,7.
Meng 1003; FAD-stage 8; d. = 88,4; s. = 81,6.
Riedstadt-Leeheim, near Darmstadt:
Meng 1015; FAD-stage 11; d. = 191,3; s. = 197,3.
Otterstadt, West of Heidelberg:
Meng 1049 (34A); FAD-stage 11; d. = 196,7; s. = 194,0.
Wattenheim, near Mannheim:
Meng 1034; FAD-stage 3; d. = 6,7; s. = 6,3.
Meng 1008; FAD-stage 11; d. = 154,5; s. = 160,0.
Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstdat (HLMD)
Northern Oberrheingarben, river deposits of the Rhine River, Upper Pleistocene
Nierstein (Koenigswald 1989):
HLMD RS146; FAD-stage 12; s. = 15,0.
Steinmann-Institut Bonn (STIPB)
Polch, near Koblenz (Koenigswald 1989):
STIPB M4669; FAD-stage 12; d. = 63,6; s. = 74,8.
Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (MFN)
Various localities; mostly upper Pleistocene
Berlin-Rixdorf:
MFN MBMa 14994; FAD-stage 9; d. = 110,0; s. = 109,6.
Datteln, North of Dortmund:
MFN MBMa 16520; FAD-stage 9; s. = 126,3.
Dortmund-Ems-Kanal:
MFN MBMa 16518; FAD-stage 11; d. = 139,0; s. = 144,0.
Dorsten, North of Bottrop:
MFN MBMa 13314; FAD-stage 9; d. = 176,9.
Körbisdorf:
MFN MBMa 13607; FAD-stage 5; d. = 59,6; s. = 61,6.
Niederlehme, South of Berlin:
MFN MBMa 13631; FAD-stage 9; s. = 167,6.
Rhein-Herne-Kanal:
MFN MBMa 13307; FAD-stage 9; s. = 153,7.
MFN MBMa 16517; FAD-stage 10; d. = 144,7; s. = 133,2.
Rixdorfer Horizont:
MFN MBMa 13644; FAD-stage 11; d. = 195,5; s. = 222,9.
MFN MBMa 14871; FAD-stage 11; d. = 130,4; s. = 110,7.
Spreenhagen, South-East of Berlin:
MFN MBMa 16516; FAD-stage 7; d. = 131,9; s. = 115,6.
Vukovar, Serbia:
MFN MBMa 13635; FAD-stage 6; d. = 58,1; s. = 58,2.
No locality:
MFN MBMa 13313; FAD-stage 7; d. = 104,2; s. = 94,7.
MFN MBMa 16519; FAD-stage 7; d. = 103,2; s. = 112,3.
mammoth skeletons and jaws from literature
Borna(Felix 1912); FAD-stage 11; d. = 65,8; s. = 75,6.
de L’Aa(Pointer 1913); FAD-stage 11; mean FAD d. and s. = 240
Gewanden (Sondaar and Boekschoten 1967)
P130-1959; FAD-stage 11; d. = 150,5; s. = 143,7.
GW663; FAD-stage 11; d. = 65,3; s. = 84,0.
GW664; FAD-stage 11; d. = 134,0; s. = 133,9.
GW670; FAD-stage 11; d. = 163,9; s. = 148,8.
Kastykhtakh(Kirillova et al. 2011); FAD-stage 10; mean FAD d. and s. = 171
Kirgiljach-Mammoth “Dima” (Vereshchagin and Mikhelson 1981); FAD-stage 2; mean FAD ~ 5
Niederwenningen(Hünermann 1985); FAD-stage 2; d. ~ 6.
Pfännerhall Geiseltal(Toepfer 1957);
juvenil; FAD-stage 5; s. = 40,5.
adult; FAD-stage 11; d. = 192,5; s. = 180,2.
Siegsdorf (Heißig and Bredow 1987; Ziegler 1994); FAD-stage 11; d. = 148,1; s. = 117,1.
Vâ Tche Tchâ(Becker et al. 2009); FAD-stage 12; d. = 75
Elephas antiquus FALCONER & CAUTLEY 1845
Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Stuttgart (SMNS)
Oberrheingraben, mostly Upper Pleistocene
Altlußheim, near Speyer:
SMNS 6717.4.5.79.3; FAD-stage 11; d. = 199,5; s. = 178,1.
Brühl, South of Mannheim:
SMNS 6517.5.10.68.2; FAD-stage 7; d. = 85,5; s. = 88,6.
SMNS 6517.5.6.65.1; FAD-stage 8; d. = 164; s. = 165.
SMNS 6616.2.12.88.7; FAD-stage 9; d. = 155,2; s. = 149,3.
SMNS 6517.5.11.73.1; FAD-stage 9; d. = 127; s. = 132,8.
SMNS 6616.2.3.90.1; FAD-stage 10; d. = 122; s. = 124,5.
SMNS 6616.2.11.89.7; FAD-stage 11; s. = 179,6.
SMNS 6517.5.5.68.1; FAD-stage 11; d. = 202,4; s. = 178.
Edinger Ried, near Heidelberg:
SMNS 6617.1.10.74.1; FAD-stage 11; d. = 93,1.
Eggenstein, North of Karlsuhe:
SMNS 6816.15.3.64.1; FAD-stage 11; d. = 170,5.
Hüttenheim, South of Duisburg:
SMNS 6816.5.3.89.1; FAD-stage 10; s. = 146,1.
SMNS 6816.4.6.66.1; FAD-stage 10; d. = 185,1; s. = 182,6.
Ketsch, near Heidelberg:
SMNS 6617.6.8.67.1; FAD-stage 11; d. = 145,6; s. = 165,5.
Liedolsheim, North of Karlsruhe:
SMNS 6816.7.4.65.1; FAD-stage 11; s. = 121,3.
Otterstadt, near Heidelberg:
SMNS 6616.16.12.92.3; FAD-stage 5; s. = 66,4.
SMNS 6616.16.6.93.1; FAD-stage 6; d. = 72,8; s. = 67,5.
SMNS 6616.8.4.79.1; FAD-stage 6; d. = 68,5; s. = 63,1.
SMNS 6616.4.8.87.1; FAD-stage 9; d. = 81,6; s. = 81,5.
SMNS 6616.4.9.85.2; FAD-stage 10; d. = 101,2; s. = 104,5.
SMNS 6616.4.10.86.5; FAD-stage 10; d. = 186,3.
SMNS 6616.16.11.93.3; FAD-stage 10; d. = 118,9; s. = 141,7.
Speyer:
SMNS 6616.11.5.73.1; FAD-stage 6; d. = 63,1; s. = 63,7.
SMNS 6616.14.4.84.1a; FAD-stage 10; d. = 157,1.
SMNS 6616.14.11.84.1; FAD-stage 10; s. = 139,3.
Wiesental, near Heidelberg:
SMNS 6717.13.7.94.3; FAD-stage 7; d. = 82,8.
SMNS 6717.13.7.86.5; FAD-stage 10; d. = 147,4.
Middle Pleistocene deposits of the NeckarRiver:
Steinheim a.d. Murr, near Ludwigsburg:
SMNS ST no number 150-152; FAD-stage 8; s. = 144.
SMNS ST 146-149.1914; FAD-stage 8; d. = 144,6; s. = 151.
SMNS ST 171; FAD-stage 9; s. = 188,2.
SMNS ST 15883.167-168; FAD-stage 10; d. = 111,5.
SMNS ST 16937.140-143; FAD-stage 10; d. = 153,4; s. = 153,8.
SMNS ST 19018; FAD-stage 10; d. = 159,5; s. = 167,1.
SMNS ST 12865.129-130; FAD-stage 11; d. = 138,1; s. = 132,9.
SMNS ST 13414.125-126; FAD-stage 11; d. = 131,4; s. = 121,9.
SMNS ST 16457.127-128; FAD-stage 11; d. = 154,3; s. = 134,9.
SMNS ST 18137.131-132; FAD-stage 11; d. = 133,9; s. = 145,9.
Collection Frank Menger, Groß-Rohrheim
Northern Oberrheingarben, various gravel pits in deposits of the Rhein river, Upper Pleistocene intergalcial:
Crumstadt, near Darmstadt:
Meng 1042; FAD-stage 11; s. = 205,2.
Bensheim, South of Darmstadt:
Meng 1043; FAD-stage 11; d. = 193,8; s. = 120,4.
Gimbsheim, near Darmstadt:
Meng 1040; FAD-stage 11; d. = 214,1; s. = 208,8.
Gronau, West of Eschede:
Meng 1041 (15); FAD-stage 11; d. = 173,9.
Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (MFN)
Gröbern, near Dessau:
MFN MBMa 19999; FAD-stage 10; d. = 160,5; s. = 183,6.
Elephas antiquus skeletons and jaws from literature
Crumstadt, near Darmstadt (Koenigswald 1986; Kroll 1991):
HLMD-RS 3003 FAD-stage 8; d. = 135,3; s. = 122,7.
Neumark-Nord(Meller 2010; Palombo et al. 2010):
E21HK2007_47.679 FAD-stage 5; d. = 62,9; s. = 61.
E24_61HK2003_56661 FAD-stage 7; d. = 98,4; s. = 105,2.
E30HK2007_25280 FAD-stage 8; d. = 147,5; s. = 120,8.
E24_61HK2003_56661_UK2 FAD-stage 9; d. = 168,6; s. = 169,4.
E40HK2007_25289_96 FAD-stage 10; s. = 204,4.
E23HK2007_25283 FAD-stage 11; d. = 193; s. = 139,3.
Wolfskehlen:
FAD-stage 8; s. = 108,4.
FAD-stage 8; d. = 98,2; s. = 105,3.
Elephas maximus Linnaeus 1758
Alexander Koenig Museum in Bonn (ZFMK)
ZFMK KölnXII3; FAD-stage 2; d. = 14,5; s. = 14,1.
ZFMK Köln no number 1; FAD-stage 11; d. = 83,9; s. = 76,2.
Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Senckenberg (SMF)
SMF ZHI 394; FAD-stage 2; d. = 10,9.
SMF 673; FAD-stage 4; s. = 36,1.
SMF 35465; FAD-stage 6; d. = 52,9; s. = 59,4.
SMF 35459; FAD-stage 7; d. = 66,5; s. = 65,3.
SMF 35463; FAD-stage 8; d. = 79,0; s. = 85,7.
Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (MFN)
MFN MBMa 15368; 15368 FAD-stage 1; d. = 0,6; s. = 0,3.
MFN MBMa no number 1; FAD-stage 5; d. = 42,8; s. = 67,2.
MFN MBMa A1408; FAD-stage 7; d. = 83,0; s. = 80,1.
MFN MBMa A3508; FAD-stage 7; d. = 75,1; s. = 71,9.
MFN MBMa A5611; FAD-stage 7; d. = 102,2; s. = 98,9.
MFN MBMa 85789; FAD-stage 7; d. = 84,3; s. = 88,5.
MFN MBMa no number 7; FAD-stage 2; d. = 8,6; s. = 8,2.
MFN MBMa no number 3; FAD-stage 9; d. = 84,9; s. = 83,2.
MFN MBMa no number 6; FAD-stage 10; d. = 83,0; s. = 117,8.
MFN MBMa no number 5; FAD-stage 11; d. = 78,0; s. = 59,7.
MFN MBMa no number 2; FAD-stage 12; d. = 51,1; s. = 55,4.
Loxodonta sp.
Loxodonta africana Blumenbach 1797
Alexander Koenig Museum in Bonn (ZFMK)
ZFMK 8429; FAD-stage 2; d. = 9,1; s. = 9,3.
ZFMK 63262; FAD-stage 2; d. = 6,4; s. = 5,9.
ZFMK 63263; FAD-stage 2; d. = 7,6; s. = 8,8.
ZFMK 94426; FAD-stage 5; d. = 40,4; s. = 42,0.
ZFMK 94427; FAD-stage 5; s. = 51.
ZFMK 94425; FAD-stage 6; d. = 66,5; s. = 58,9.
ZFMK 898; FAD-stage 8; d. = 117,2; s. = 107,2.
ZFMK no number 2; FAD-stage 8; d. = 62,1; s. = 61,8.
ZFMK 899; FAD-stage 9; d. = 117,2; s. = 118,2.
ZFMK 83466; FAD-stage 9; d. = 97,9; s. = 89,6.
ZFMK 94424; FAD-stage 9; d. = 83,8; s. = 81,2.
ZFMK no number 1; FAD-stage 9; d. = 138,8; s. = 140,8.
Zoological Museum in Hamburg (ZMH)
ZMH 6349; FAD-stage 4; d. = 29,2; s. = 27,3.
ZMH 8397; FAD-stage 7; d. = 73,8; s. = 71,3.
ZMH 8398; FAD-stage 8; d. = 135,1; s. = 126,3.
Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Senckenberg (SMF)
SMF 73579; FAD-stage 2; d. = 6,7; s. = 6,8.
SMF 73580; FAD-stage 2; d. = 7,1; s. = 7,1.
Steinmann-Institut Bonn (STIPB)
STIPB M7083; FAD-stage 4; d. = 21,4; s. = 18,8.
Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (MFN)
MFN MBMa 1956; FAD-stage 2; d. = 11,9; s. = 12,7.
MFN MBMa 44824; FAD-stage 3; d. = 13,4; s. = 13,5.
MFN MBMa 46527; FAD-stage 3; d. = 27,3; s. = 27,9.
MFN MBMa 22129; FAD-stage 4; d. = 9,1; s. = 8,3.
MFN MBMa 28053; FAD-stage 4; d. = 70; s. = 60,5.
MFN MBMa 34278; FAD-stage 4; d. = 25,7; s. = 26,2.
MFN MBMa 62672; FAD-stage 4; d. = 23,7; s. = 24.
MFN MBMa 1475/74; FAD-stage 5; d. = 95,9; FAD-stage 4; s. = 83,3.
MFN MBMa 18766; FAD-stage 5; d. = 53,8; s. = 50,4.
MFN MBMa 20801; FAD-stage 5; d. = 41,6; s. = 48,7.
MFN MBMa 21076; FAD-stage 5; d. = 77,9; s. = 72,8.
MFN MBMa 29540; FAD-stage 5; d. = 43,9; s. = 49,8.
MFN MBMa 32190; FAD-stage 5; d. = 80,2; s. = 52,4.
MFN MBMa 32806; FAD-stage 5; d. = 51; s. = 48,5.
MFN MBMa 37054; FAD-stage 5; s. = 64,7.
MFN MBMa 37055; FAD-stage 5; d. = 45; s. = 45,9.
MFN MBMa 77259; FAD-stage 5; d. = 30,4. 4; s. = 39,8.
MFN MBMa 28; FAD-stage 6; d. = 113.
MFN MBMa 1955; FAD-stage 6; d. = 52,4; s. = 61,5.
MFN MBMa 10439; FAD-stage 6; d. = 71,9; s. = 84,7.
MFN MBMa 16529; FAD-stage 6; s. = 110,2.
MFN MBMa 24822; FAD-stage 6; d. = 53,9; s. = 53,5.
MFN MBMa 27803; FAD-stage 6; d. = 96,9; s. = 90,9.
MFN MBMa 29558; FAD-stage 6; d. = 97,3; s. = 94,7.
MFN MBMa 29590; FAD-stage 6; d. = 39; s. = 39,3.
MFN MBMa 32092; FAD-stage 6; d. = 58,3; s. = 48,7.
MFN MBMa 93309; FAD-stage 6; d. = 72,2; s. = 65,2.
MFN MBMa 18728; FAD-stage 7; d. = 123,4; s. = 103,5.
MFN MBMa 11968; FAD-stage 7; d. = 95,8; s. = 90,3.
MFN MBMa 27397; FAD-stage 7; d. = 40,9; s. = 62,4.
MFN MBMa 30261; FAD-stage 7; d. = 81,8; s. = 76,7.
MFN MBMa 31219; FAD-stage 7; d. = 71,9; s. = 58,3.
MFN MBMa 90800; FAD-stage 7; s. = 74,6.
MFN MBMa 13589; FAD-stage 8; d. = 132,9; s. = 132,1.
MFN MBMa 14884; FAD-stage 8; s. = 188,2; d. = 130,3.
MFN MBMa 15889; FAD-stage 8; d. = 82,1.
MFN MBMa 21049; FAD-stage 8; d. = 110,4; s. = 108,8.
MFN MBMa 30370; FAD-stage 8; d. = 157,1; s. = 156,8.
MFN MBMa 31837; FAD-stage 8; d. = 100,7; s. = 137,5.
MFN MBMa 7135; FAD-stage 9; d. = 149; s. = 137,3.
MFN MBMa 31815; FAD-stage 9; d. = 127,4; s. = 119,5.
MFN MBMa 32098; FAD-stage 9; d. = 52,1; s. = 56,5.
MFN MBMa 34202; FAD-stage 9; s. = 105,3.
MFN MBMa 41822; FAD-stage 9; d. = 105,5; s. = 101.
MFN MBMa 12638; FAD-stage 10; d. = 102,2; s. = 99,2.
MFN MBMa 19755; FAD-stage 10; d. = 98; s. = 122.
MFN MBMa 41823; FAD-stage 11; s. = 66,9.
MFN MBMa 33962; FAD-stage 12; d. = 54,3; s. = 40,8.
FloridaMuseum of Natural History, Gainesville (UF)
UF 363; FAD-stage 10; d. = 133; s. = 129,6.
Loxodonta skeletons and jaws from literature
ANHM 150444 (American Natural History Museum, New York) (Palombo et al. 2010); FAD-stage 2; d. = 10,6.
Loxodonta africana cyclotis Matschie 1900
Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (MFN)
MFN MBMaLoxodonta cyclotis no number 1; FAD-stage 2; d. = 12.
MFN MBMa 13501; FAD-stage 4; d. = 61cm²; s. = 68,4.
Loxodonta knochenhaueri
Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (MFN)
MFN MBMa 11432; FAD-stage 9; d. = 143,5cm².
Loxodonta oxyotis Matschie 1900
Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (MFN)
MFN MBMa 37807; FAD-stage 9; d. = 141; s. = 152,8.