SAIPAN UPLAND MITIGATION BANK MANAGEMENT PLAN12-10-02

MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR NIGHTINGALE REED-WARBLERS IN THE

SAIPAN UPLAND

MITIGATION BANK, CNMI

Division of Fish and Wildlife

Department of Land and Natural Resources

Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands

Saipan

10 December 2002

Authors: Thorne Abbott, Arlene Pangelinan, Tina DeCruz

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TOPICSPAGE

SUMMARY4

POLICY STATEMENT6

FIGURE 1. BOUNDARIES OF THE SAIPAN UPLAND MITIGATION BANK7

I.BACKGROUND8

II.DESCRIPTION OF SAIPAN UPLAND MITIGATION BANK8

III.ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT PROCESS9

FIGURE 2. ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT FOR THE SAIPAN UPLAND MITIGATION BANK10

iV.MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES10

Management Activity 1: Reduce Human and Other Disturbances to Nightingale Reed-warbler (NIRW) Habitat 11

Objective A: Hire staff to initiate management activities in the Protected Area11

Objective B: Eliminate incompatible land uses in the Protected Area11

Management Activity 2: Implement a Fire Management Program for the Protected Area consistent with Maintaining the Baseline Population of NIRW 13

Objective A: Prevent habitat damage from wildfires13

Management Activity 3: Rules and Regulations for the Protected Area14

Objective A: Improve regulatory and enforcement capacities for the Protected Area14

Management Activity 4: Monitor NIRW Population in the Protected Area15

Objective A: Assess NIRW population levels in the Protected Area15

Management Activity 5: Predator Control in the Protected Area17

Objective A: Reduce risk to NIRW from predation in the Protected Area17

Objective B: Document effects of predator control on NIRW in the Protected Area18

Management Activity 6: Management Plan and Financial Reporting21

Objective A: Quarterly reporting21

Objective B: Annual reporting22

Objective C: Auditing requirements24

V. Literature Cited25

VI. APPENDICES26

APPENDIX 1: Nightingale Reed-warbler Variable Circular Plot survey protocol for Saipan Upland Mitigation Bank Area 26

FIGURE 3. LOCATION OF BIRD SURVEY TRANSECTS IN THE PROTECTED AREA28

APPENDIX 2: Suggested research on the ecology and life history of NIRW to improve ability to manage the species in the Protected Area 29

APPENDIX 3: Restoration of NIRW Habitat in the Protected Area 31

Objective A: Determine suitability of existing habitat for NIRW in the Protected Area31

Objective B: Implement habitat restoration activities in the Protected Area32

APPENDIX 4: Vegetation survey protocol for Saipan Upland Mitigation Bank34

MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR NIGHTINGALE REED-WARBLERS IN THE SAIPAN UPLAND MITIGATION BANK, CNMI

SUMMARY

The purpose of the Saipan Upland Mitigation Bank Management Plan (Management Plan) is to protect, manage and maintain the Nightingale Reed-warbler (NIRW) population in the new Protected Area. The Management Plan includes measures to achieve the performance standards outlined in the Saipan Upland Mitigation Bank Agreement (SUMBA) intended to increase NIRW breeding success through stewardship activities. The Management Plan sets out goals and activities that are intended to guide managers over the next five to ten years and has built-in flexibility (called adaptive management) for each management activity to meet changing circumstances over that period. The Management Plan sets out strategies that include short-term actions (to be accomplished in the immediate future) and long-term ones (that will be ongoing for many years) to achieve objectives and to assure compliance with the SUMBA. It is intended that the Mitigation Bank managers will prioritize yearly activities with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), based on results of previous management actions and the anticipated revenue from the Mitigation Bank Endowment Fund.

The management activities that are detailed in the following document can be summarized as:

Management Activity 1: Reduce Human and Other Disturbances to NIRW Habitat

  • Hire Protected Area Manager by January 2003.
  • Reduce or eliminate incompatible activities in the Protected Area by January 2003.
  • Assess whether existing fences adequately safeguard the Protected Area from humans and livestock by monitoring existing fencing and installing fences where necessary.
  • Post and maintain boundary signs for the Protected Area.

Management Activity 2: Implement a Fire Management Program for the Protected Area consistent with Maintaining the Baseline Population of NIRW.

  • Increase the capability and capacity to respond to wildfires in the Protected Area.
  • Develop and implement a Fire Management Plan in consultation with CNMI-Department of Public Safety and USFWS by January 2004.

Management Activity 3: Promulgate Rules and Regulations for the Protected Area.

  • Publish regulations for the Protected Area within one year of Management Plan approval by the Parties.
  • Enhance enforcement capabilities in the Protected Area.

Management Activity 4: Monitor NIRW Population in the Protected Area

  • Conduct NIRW abundance surveys using Variable Circular Plot (VCP) methods in September and March of each year.
  • Statistically compare survey results among years to assure maintenance of NIRW baseline population in the Protected Area annually.

Management Activity 5: Predator Control in the Protected Area

  • Reduce risk to NIRW from Brown Treesnake predation in the Protected Area through interdiction and control.
  • Conduct investigation to identify predators on NIRW nests in the Protected Area.
  • Determine the effectiveness of rodent and cat control in augmenting reproductive success and recruitment into the population of NIRW in the Protected Area; implement predator control if necessary.
  • Identify control measures for predators other than rats and cats if they are a problem.

Management Activity 6: Reporting on Management and Financial Status of the Protected Area

  • Assist Marianas Public Land Trust in providing quarterly accounting reports to the Department of Lands and Natural Resources (DLNR) and USFWS.
  • Until the Endowment Account is fully funded, prepare annual report to USFWS by December 31st of each year including:
  • a record of all credits and debits made to the Mitigation Bank (a comparison of the actual to projected rate of credit sales),
  • all transactions from the financial accounts (a comparison of actual expenses with budgeted expenses and a comparison of the anticipated to the actual endowment),
  • the status of required management actions and achievement of success criteria,
  • the status of monitoring efforts and progress in sustaining the baseline population of NIRW, and
  • a list of management recommendations for the following year.
  • Two years after the Endowment Account is fully funded and every 5 years thereafter, a summary report on the status of the Mitigation Bank will be submitted to USFWS.
  • An independent audit of Mitigation Bank operations will be conducted in 2007 and every five years after that until all credits have been used, sold or transferred. The independent auditor shall determine whether
  • (a) the financial ledgers and the annual reports present fairly the Mitigation Bank’s financial position and results of its operations;
  • (b) the CNMI’s accounting and control systems are managing the Mitigation Bank in compliance with the SUMBA and other laws and regulations; and
  • (c) the CNMI has complied with the SUMBA and all applicable laws and regulations.

MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR NIGHTINGALE REED-WARBLERS IN THE SAIPAN UPLAND MITIGATION BANK, CNMI

POLICY STATEMENT

The Saipan Upland Mitigation Bank (Mitigation Bank) has been established on the island of Saipan, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) for the protection of Nightingale Reed-warblers (Acrocephalus luscinia). It will also serve as protected habitat for other threatened and endangered species including the Micronesian Megapode (Megapodius laperouse) and the Mariana Swiftlet (Aerodramus bartschi). The Mitigation Bank consists of a Protected Area (Fig. 1) that provides habitat for endemic species protected by the CNMI Division of Fish and Wildlife (DFW), such as the Collared Kingfisher (Halcyon chloris), Mariana Fruit-dove (Ptilinopus roseicapilla), and Golden White-eye (Cleptornis marchei). Additionally, Mariana Fruit Bat (Pteropus mariannus) and scarce herpetofauna and invertebrates occur within the Protected Area. Management of the Protected Area will foster suitable habitat for Nightingale Reed-warblers (NIRW). However, as suitable habitat for NIRW is enhanced, existing native forest habitat used by other endemic species will not be disturbed.

The purpose of the Saipan Upland Mitigation Bank Management Plan (Management Plan) is to protect, manage and maintain the NIRW population and to protect and manage other covered species. The intent of the Management Plan is to maintain the ecological function of optimum habitat within the Protected Area in order to sustain the baseline population of NIRW in perpetuity. The Management Plan includes measures to achieve the performance standards outlined in the Saipan Upland Mitigation Bank Agreement (SUMBA) intended to increase NIRW breeding success through stewardship activities. The Mitigation Bank may fund research intended to clarify aspects of NIRW ecology and habitat restoration that will contribute to the conservation of the species, providing that funds are available. Potential habitat restoration and research activities are detailed in the appendices.

The Management Plan sets out short-term (to be accomplished in the immediate future) and long-term (ongoing for many years) strategies to achieve the objectives stated above and to assure compliance with the SUMBA. It is not expected that all of the tasks outlined will be implemented simultaneously. Rather, it is intended that the Mitigation Bank managers will prioritize yearly activities with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) based on results of previous management actions and the anticipated revenue from the Mitigation Bank Endowment Fund. It is recognized that only a few strategies may be implemented at the Mitigation Bank’s initiation, with more activities possible as funding levels increase. The Management Plan sets out goals and activities that are intended to guide managers over the first five to ten years of the Mitigation Bank and has built in flexibility to meet changing circumstances over that period. This Management Plan should not be regarded as engraved in stone, nor as a legally binding document, but should be used as a guide for management activities that will need to be revised over time to incorporate information learned in previous years by managing the Mitigation Bank.

The Management Plan incorporates an adaptive management process that provides managers with the flexibility to address changing conditions throughout the future. This process will modify management activities whenin light of new information becomes available or when performance standards are not met. The following steps outline the adaptive management process for the Protected Area:

Goal: maintain or increase 194 male NIRW territories in the Protected Area

  • Review results of on-going management activities for NIRW and the Protected Area.
  • Identify unanticipated effects from applied management (both positive and negative).
  • Review information gaps and evaluate range of alternatives available to adjust management activities.
  • Design tests of alternative hypotheses using pilot studies.
  • Alter management activities to achieve identified objective based on the results of testing alternative hypotheses.
  • Implement revised activities.
  • Evaluate results.
  • Repeat above steps if objective has not been reached.


Figure 1. Approximate boundaries of the Saipan Upland Mitigation Bank are outlined on this topographic representation of Saipan’s northern sector.

I.Background

The Mitigation Bank was developed in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) to serve as mitigation for the incidental take of NIRW by public and private development projects on the island of Saipan. The Mitigation Bank documents consist of the Saipan Upland Mitigation Bank Agreement, CNMI Public Law 10-84 establishing the Protected Area, Mitigation Bank cash flow credit calculations, survey maps of the Protected Area, the designation of use of public land, declaration of servitude running with the land, and NIRW survey methodology. Additional documents consist of the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between the Department of Lands and Natural Resources (DLNR) and the Marianas Public Lands Trust (MPLT) detailing the establishment of an Endowment and a Management Account, an investment policy statement, and a contractual agreement between buyers and DLNR for the sale of mitigation credits.

The Management Plan for the Mitigation Bank was developed by and represents concurrence between the USFWS and the CNMI (the Parties). It outlines management strategies subject to initial implementation based on prioritization of needs and the proceeds from the sale of credits each of which represents two NIRW male territories in the Protected Area. Upon mutual consent of the Parties, this plan may be revised or re-evaluated to address specific management needs of other listed, covered, or preferred species if and when they are added to the SUMBA. Implementation of the Management Plan is subject to endowment or income restrictions and reductions, with prioritized activities agreed upon annually by the Parties until the Mitigation Bank Endowment is fully funded.

The purpose of the Management Plan is to outline activities that will contribute to the conservation of the species and, to the greatest extent possible, ensure the long-term viability of NIRW by maintaining the ecological function of optimum habitat. The Management Plan identifies strategies to achieve the performance standards listed in the SUMBA, namely the sustained maintenance of 194 male NIRW territories. For the purposes of this Management Plan, 194 male NIRW territories are considered the baseline population. It is expected that the NIRW population will not deviate by more than 30% below the baseline population in any one (1) year period, or below the baseline when averaged over a five (5) year period. There are provisions in the SUMBA for amending this performance standard in the event that it does not represent the natural variation in the numbers of NIRW.

The Management Plan also identifies appropriate wildlife resource stewardship strategies, fire management, resource monitoring, applied research, and adaptive processes to achieve the above primary objectives. A secondary objective of the Management Plan is to increase our understanding of the ecology of NIRW in the Protected Area, thereby providing a range of alternative actions available to managers. A tertiary objective of the Management Plan is to increase the number of NIRW.

  1. Description of Saipan Upland Mitigation Bank

The Protected Area encompasses approximately 419 hectares on the northern portion of the island of Saipan. The Mitigation Bank has been designated as an off-site mitigation area for the incidental take of the federally and locally endangered NIRW. The service area for the Mitigation Bank is for for proposed development projects on the island of Saipan. The Mitigation Bank will be used to offset unavoidable impacts to NIRW associated with development projects and will be managed for the protection of NIRW in perpetuity.

The Protected Area is legally defined by the survey map attached to the SUMBA (Attachment A). The Bird Island Wildlife Conservation Area and a proposed golf course border the area on the east. The area is bordered on the southeast by cliffs, while roads bound the north, south, and west. There are no private properties located within the Protected Area. However, a rock quarry, Department of Public Safety firing range, and a radar station and its access road impinge on the continuity of the site.

The CNMI Division of Fish and Wildlife (DFW) conducted a vegetation survey of the Protected Area in 1999-2000. The objective of the survey was to determine the proportion of different habitats that exist within the area and the percentage of habitat suitable for NIRW. Five broad habitat classifications resembling those established by Falanruw et al. (1989) were identified. These classifications were used because they allowed for comparisons with earlier vegetation surveys. The DFW survey data also can be modified for comparison with Engbring et al. (1986) habitat criteria if necessary.

The vegetation survey revealed that 41.5% of the area is Leucaena leucocephala (tangantangan) forest; 30% is native (limestone) forest, 13.5% is introduced forest; 8% is grass field; and 7% is Lantana camara (lantana) field. The NIRW occurs in both tangantangan and introduced forest-types that collectively comprise 55% of the Protected Area. The most widely spread plant species in the Protected Area are introduced L. leucocephala, followed by endemic Guamia marianne (paipai), introduced L. camara and indigenous Aidia cochinensis (sumak). Among trees and shrubs, L. leucocephala is found in the greatest density followed by L. camara and indigenous Cynometra ramiflora. The invasion of latana has occurred within the last 10 years.

  1. Adaptive Management Process

Integral to the Management Plan is an adaptive management process (Fig. 2) that evaluates ongoing efforts, identifies responses to positive or negative results, and then allows the parties to modify current strategies to achieve performance standards. The purpose of using an adaptive management process is to ensure that managers have flexibility in responding to changing circumstances and in meeting the SUMBA’s performance standards in perpetuity.

This process will prioritize long range (such as research) and short-term (such as fence repair) needs, and ensure a balance between obtaining and applying useful information to achieve the goals of the Mitigation Bank. As described in the adaptive management process (Fig. 2), the mechanisms for implementing management activities will be identified at the beginning of each monitoring cycle and will be based on an evaluation of the success of previous activities.