THE REPUBLIC OF GHANA
MINISTRY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT (MLGRD)
SANITATION AND WATER PROJECT FOR THE
GREATER ACCRA METROPOLITAN AREA (GAMA)
REVISED DRAFT REPORT
ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK (ESMF)
FOR SANITATION AND WATER PROJECT FOR GAMA
Prepared By: Dyson T. Jumpah


DECEMBER 2012

LIST OF ABREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

ARAP
ARIC / Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan
Audit Review Implementation Committee
BOD / Biochemical Oxygen Demand
BP / Best Practice
DACF / District Assemblies Common Fund
DANIDA
DDF / Danish International Development Agency
District Development Fund
EA
EIA
EMP
ESO
EPA
ESIA
ESMF
ESMP / Environmental Assessment
Environmental Impact Assessment
Environmental Management Plan
Environment and Social Officer
Environmental Protection Agency
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
Environmental and Social Management Framework
Environmental and Social Management Plan
GAMA / Greater Accra Metropolitan Area
GoG / Government of Ghana
IGF / Internally Generated Funds
ILGS / Institute of Local Government Studies
L.I. / Legislative Instrument
LG / Local Government
MDA / Ministries, Departments and Agencies
MLGRD
MMA / Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development
Metropolitan and Municipal Assemblies
MMDA / Metropolitan, Municipal and District Assemblies
MOFEP / Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning
MPCU
NDAP / Metropolitan/Municipal Planning and Development Unit
National Decentralisation Action Plan
NEAP
NGO
OP
PEFA / National Environmental Action Plan
Non Governmental Organization
Operational Policy
Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability
PFM / Public Financial Management
RAP
RCC
RPF
SPEFA
UDU / Resettlement Action Plan
Regional Coordinating Council
Resettlement Policy Framework
Social Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability Groups
Urban Development Unit in MLGRD

DRAFT ESMF of Water & Sanitation Project for GAMA, MLGRD, Ghana,, December, 20121

Table of Contents

LIST OF ABREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1.0INTRODUCTION

1.1Background

1.2Purpose and Study Objectives of ESMF

2.0OVERALL APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY for esmf preparation

2.1Approach

2.2Methodology

3.0DESCRIPTION OF WATER AND SANITATION PROJECT FOR GAMA

3.1Context And Objectives Of GAMA

3.2Project Components

3.2.1Component 1 – Provision of Water and Sanitation Services

3.2.2Component 2 – Improvement and Expansion of Water Distribution Network

3.2.3Component 3 – Improvement and Expansion of Wastewater and Feacal Sludge Collection, Transportation and Treatment

3.2.4Component 4 - Institutional and Project Management Support

4.0RESULTS OF THE PUBLIC CONSULTATION PROCESS

4.1Consultations with MMAs

4.2Consultations ministries departments and agencies

5.0GAMA BASELINE PROFILE

5.1Background

5.2ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE

5.3physical characteristics

5.4geology and climate

5.5vegetation

5.6drainage

5.7air quality

5.8demography

6.0POLICY, LEGAL, INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

6.1National Environmental Requirements

6.1.1Ghana’sEnvironmental Policy

6.1.2National Water Policy

6.1.3Environmental Sanitation Policy

6.1.4The Environmental Protection Agency Act

6.1.5EA Regulations and Procedures

6.1.6EA (Amendment) Regulations, 2002

6.1.7Local Government Act, 1993 (Act 462)

6.2National Labour, Safety and Health Requirements

6.2.1Factories, Offices and Shops Act

6.2.2Occupational Safety and Health Policy of Ghana (Draft)

6.2.3National Workplace HIV/AIDS Policy

6.2.4Labour Act

6.3The Ghana Shared Growth and Development Agenda (GSGDA)

6.4The Poverty Reduction Strategy of Ghana

6.4.1GPRS I and II

6.5The World Bank Requirements

6.5.1The Bank’s Safeguard Policies

6.5.2Triggered Safeguard Policies

6.6Environmental Sanitation Policy

6.6.1Solid Waste Management

6.7International Conventions

6.8Institutional Framework

6.8.1Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology

6.8.2Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development

6.8.3Ministry of Water Resources Works and Housing

6.8.4Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning

6.8.5Ministry of Roads and Highways

7.0POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS OF the gama projects AND MITIGATION

7.1Positive Environmental And Social Impacts

7.1.1Maternal Mortality:

7.1.2Other Diseases:

7.1.3Environmental Sustainability:

7.1.4Improvement of the living conditions

7.1.5Water Supply Project

7.1.6Excreta and Wastewater Services

7.1.7Economic Benefits to MMAs

7.1.8Enhanced Institutional Capacity to Support Decentralization

7.1.9Conclusion

7.2Identification of Potentially Adverse Environmental and Social Impacts,

7.2.1Environmental Impact Assessment

7.2.2Operational Phase Impacts

7.2.3Social Impacts

7.3Mitigation Measures

7.3.1Construction Phase Impacts

7.3.2Post Constructional Phase impacts

7.4Integration of The EMP

7.4.1Environmental Management

7.4.2Objectives of Program

7.4.3Resources for Programme Implementation

7.5Monitoring

7.5.1Construction Phase

7.5.2Operation and Maintenance Phase

8.0ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK (ESMF)

8.1The Environmental And Social Screening Process

8.1.1The Screening Process

8.1.2Responsibilities for the Implementation of the Screening Process

8.2Mitigation Measures

8.2.1General mitigation measures

8.2.2Specific construction impacts mitigation measures

8.3Monitoring Plan

8.4Responsibility and Institutional Arrangement for Implementation and Monitoring

8.4.1Institutions responsible for implementation

8.4.2Project Institutional and Implementation Arrangements

8.5Capacity Strengthening for ESMP Implementation

8.5.1Capacity Building Program and Awareness

8.5.2Technical strengthen measures

8.6ESMF Implementation Schedule

8.7Estimated Budget

8.8ESMF/ ESMP Dissemination and public disclosure

9.0REFERENCES

10.0ANNEXES

Annex 1a: Environmental and Social Screening (ESS) of Sub-projects

Annex 1b: Standard Format for Screening Report

Annex 1c: Screening Report-Environmental and Social Checklist

Annex 2: Standard Format for Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP)

Annex 3: Guidance on Environmental & Social Management Plan by Project Phases

Annex 4: Draft Terms Of Reference for Sub-project Requiring an ESIA

Annex 5: General Environmental Management Conditions for Construction Contracts

Annex 6: Summary of World Bank Safeguard Policies and How They Will Apply To The Future Project Activities

Annex 7: List of Individuals/Institutions Contacted

Annex 8: Terms of Reference for GAMA ESMF

LIST OF TABLES

Table 51: Demographic Figures of AMA by Sub-Metros

Table 52: Population and population Growth Rate

Table 53: Population Project of AMA by Sub-Metros

Table 54: Projected Population Density per Hectre

Table 71: Status of Safeguard Work

Table 81: Structures involved in the GAMA Environment and Social Management

Table 82: Category of Environmental Studies

Table 83: Procedures for EIA

Table 84: Process Monitoring Indicators of ESMP Measures

Table 85: Indicators and Monitoring Mechanism of Environmental and Social Issues

Table 86: Summarized Environmental Screening Process and Responsibilities

Table 87: General Mitigation Measures

Table 88: Summary of Environmental Mitigation Measures

Table 89: Results and Indicators for the Sanitation and Water Sector

Table 810: Institutions Responsible for Implementation of ESMP

Table 811: Institutional Arrangements for ESMP Implementation

Table 812: Training Schedule

Table 813: Time Table for Implementation and Monitoring of Environmental Activities

Table 814: Estimated Costs of Technical Measures

Table 815: Training and Awareness Measures Costs

Table 816: Summarized Estimated Budget for Environmental and Social Impact Management

Table 817: Environmental and Social Management Plan

Table 101: Environmental and Social Checklist

Table 102: Guidance on ESMP by Project Phases

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 51 : Map of Greater Accra Area

Figure 52: Map of Greater Accra Area

Figure 81: ESMP Implementation Arrangement

DRAFT ESMF of Water & Sanitation Project for GAMA, MLGRD, Ghana,, December, 20121

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION

The Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development (MLGRD), with support from the World Bank, is currently preparing a Sanitation & Water Project for the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA). The proposed project may be structured as a two-phase Adaptable Program Loan (APL) or as a Specific Investment Loan (SIL) that would be followed by other operations, given the long term engagement required to increase access to sanitation and water services in low income areas of GAMA and to attain an efficient and sustainable operation and management of the services.

PPROJECT OBJECTIVES

The objective of the project is to increase access to safe water and improved sanitation to people in the GAMA, with emphasis on low income communities, and to improve operation and management of wastewater facilities. In order to achieve this objective, the project would support the expansion and improvement of the water distribution network, the expansion of community water points and private water connections, the development of on-site and sewered sanitation facilities and the improved collection and treatment of wastewater and faecal sludge. Behaviour Change Campaign on hygiene, sanitation and safe water will also be promoted through social mobilization activities, as well as social accountability to ensure the sustainability of the facilities and services.

The proposed project will therefore focus on providing low income communities located in the 11MMAs with increased water supply and improved sanitation services. The beneficiary MMAs are Accra Metropolitan Assembly, Tema Metropolitan Assembly,La Dade-Kotopon Municipal Assemby, Adenta Municipal Assembly, Ga South Municipal Assembly, Ga Central Municipal Assembly, Ga West Municipal Assembly, Ga East Municipal Assembly, La Nkwanta Municipal Assembly, Ledzokuku Krowor (Teshine Nungua( Municipal Assembly and Ashaiman Municipal Assembly.

The proposed project weather the first phase of an APL or a SIL APL would have the following four components:

  • Component 1 - Provision of water and environmental sanitation services to priority low income areas of the GAMA.
  • Component 2 – Improvement and expansion of the water distribution network in the GAMA .
  • Component 3 – Improvement and expansion of wastewater and fecal sludge collection, transportation and treatment in the GAMA
  • Component 4 – Institutional Strengthening.

Description of Prospective Projects under Components 1, 2 and 3

Under Component 1, 2 and 3, the World Bank is funding proposed Sanitation and Water Projects located in the 11 MMAs to increase water supply and improved sanitation services. The Table 7.1 below presents a non-exhaustive the list of some of the likely investments and the safeguards status (Please note that this list is not comprehensive).

Table ES1: Status of Safeguard Work

Component 1: Provision of water and environnemental sanitation services to priority income areas of the GAMA / Location / Implementation / Status of Safeguard Work (OP 4.01 and OP 4.12)
EIA / RPF / RAP
MMAs / Construction / To be done if required / Done / To be done if required
MMAs / Rehabilitation / To be done if required / Done / To be done if required
LIST OF POTENTIAL SUB-PROJECTS
  • Water supply and sanitation facilities for communities

  • Water Supply and sanitation facilities for households

  • Water supply and sanitation facilities for schools, health centrers and in public areas such as markets

  • Engagement of community and particularly women to provide oversight of water and sanitation services such as Water and Sanitation Development Board (WSDBs)

  • Construction of water supply system;

  • Drilling of boreholes;

  • Mechanization of boreholes;

  • Construction of KVIPs;

  • Construction of water closet seaters;

  • Rehabilitation of public toilet;

  • Construction and lining of drains;

Component 2: Improvement and expansion of the water distribution network in the GAMA / Location / Implementation / Status of Safeguard Work (OP 4.01 and OP 4.12)
EIA / RPF / RAP
MMAs / Construction / To be done if required / Done / To be done if required
MMAs / Rehabilitation / To be done if required / Done / To be done if required
LIST OF POTENTIAL SUB-PROJECTS
  • Investments to improve and expand the existing network to provide piped water to the targeted people living in low income communities in the GAMA

  • Installation of transmission mains, boster pumps and other facilities

  • Support acquisition and installation of meters and other equipment as well as provision of services aimed at improving water demand management

Component 3: Improvement and expansion of wastewater and fecal sludge collection, transportation and treatment in the GAMA / Location / Implementation / Status of Safeguard Work (OP 4.01 and OP 4.12)
EIA / RPF / RAP
MMAs / Construction / To be done if required / Done / To be done if required
MMAs / Rehabilitation / To be done if required / Done / To be done if required
LIST OF POTENTIAL SUB-PROJECTS
  • Collection and/or treatment of wastewater and fecal sludge to be generated from the low income communities and rest of GAMA

  • Improve the safe collection, transport and treatment of fecal sludge

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ISSUES RELEVANT TO THE PROJECT

The potential environmental and social impacts of these investments are not currently known, even though they are likely to be significant. Since the exact location, nature and number of sanitation and water facilities and/or services are not known, MLGRD is required to prepare an Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) to ensure that all investments are adequately screened for their potential environmental and social impacts, and that correct procedures to be followed, depending on the types of investments to be carried out, and these will be reflected in the ESMF document.

In pursuant to the requirements of the World Bank, including OP / BP 4.01, an ESMF is prepared by the Government of Ghana (GoG) as a requirement for the implementation of the GAMA. Furthermore, the World Bank requires that the description of measures taken by the GoG represented by the Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development (MLGRD) (the Borrower) to address the safeguard policy issues and undertake an assessment of MMAs and MLGRD’s capacity to plan and implement the measures proposed to be addressed in the ESMF.

Purpose and Study Objectives of ESMF

The objective of the assignment is to prepare an ESMF which will:

  • Establish the legal framework, procedures, and methods for the environmental and social planning, review, approval and implementation investments to be financed using the performance grant funds;
  • Identify roles and responsibilities, including reporting procedures and monitoring and evaluation;
  • Identify capacity and/or training needs for different stakeholders to ensure better implementation of the provisions in the ESMF and;
  • Identify funding requirements and resources to ensure effective implementation of the framework.

methodology

The ESMF study has been prepared in accordance with applicable World Bank safeguard policies and Ghana environmental assessment guidelines. The distinct phases of the study include:

  • Data Gathering;
  • Consultations and discussions with MLGRD, MWRWH, GAMA, MMAs, EPA and NGOs;
  • Literature review;
  • Environmental screening and scoping;
  • Determination of potential impacts;
  • Identification of impact mitigation measures;
  • Preparation of an Environmental and Social Management Plan; and
  • Preparation of sub-project guidelines.

GAMA BASELINE PROFILE

As shown in the maps, the city of Accra actually covers AMA, as well as parts of Ga West, Ga South, Ga East, Tema Metropolitan Area (TMA), Ashaiman and Adenta.

The report of the fifth round of the Ghana Living Standards Survey (GSS, 2008), defines the Accra Metropolitan Area (AMA), Tema Municipal Area (TMA) (which at that time also covered Ashaiman and Adenta municipality), and the urban areas in Ga East and Ga West (which at that time included Ga South) Districts as the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA).The GAMA area covers a total area of about 1,261 km2(Twum, 2002).

Demographic Characteristics

The 2010 estimated population of Accra, pending the result of the 2010 PHC, is about 4.3 million with additional daily influx population of 1 million who commute to the City for various socio-economic activities, which most often are nonexistent thereby resorting to social vices and economic crimes.

POLICY, LEGAL, INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

The environmental policy and EA legislation and procedures of Ghana and those of the World Bank, which are relevant to the Project, are outlined. In principle the two sets of policies and procedures on environmental and social assessment are similar in many respects.

National Environmental Requirements

Ghana’sEnvironmental Policy

The environmental policy of Ghana formulated in the National Environmental Action Plan (NEAP) of 1993 hinges strongly on ‘prevention’ as the most effective tool for environmental protection. The policy aims at a sound management of resources and environment, and the reconciliation between economic planning and environmental resources utilization for sustainable national development. It also seeks among others, to institute an environmental quality control and sustainable development programs by requiring prior EA of all developments, and to take appropriate measures to protect critical eco-systems, including the flora and fauna they contain against harmful effects, nuisance or destructive practices. The adoption of the NEAP led to the enactment of the EPA Act 1994 (Act 490); and subsequently the passing of the Ghana EIA Procedures into the EA Regulations, 1999 (LI 1652).

National Water Policy

Consistent with the GPRS, the overall goal of the National Water Policy is to "achievesustainable development, management and use of Ghana's water resources to improve health and livelihoods, reduce vulnerability while assuring good governance for present and future generations". This will be achieved by addressing relevant issues under water resources management, urban water supply and community water and sanitation. For each broad area, anumber of focus areas for policy considerations have been identified. Within each the main principles and challenges are listed followed by policy objectives and the corresponding measures.

Environmental Sanitation Policy

The Environmental Sanitation Policy (Revised, 2010) responds to the various reviews carried out to assess how effectively the previous policy published in 1999 has been implemented. The revised policy objectives and measures are presented in a way that enhances strategic planning and subsequent implementation.

The Environmental Protection Agency Act

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Act, 1994 (Act 490) grants the Agency enforcement and standards setting powers, and the power to ensure compliance with the Ghana EA requirements/procedures. Additionally, the Agency is required to create environmental awareness and build environmental capacity as relates all sectors, among others.The Agency (including its Regional and District Offices) is also vested with the power to determine what constitutes an ‘adverse effect on the environment’ or an activity posing ‘a serious threat to the environment or public health’, to require EAs, EMPs, Annual Environmental Reports (AERs), etc of an ‘undertaking’, to regulate and serve an enforcement notice for any offending or non-complying undertaking.

The Agency is required to conduct monitoring to verify compliance with given approval/permit conditions, required environmental standard and mitigation commitments. Furthermore, a requirement by EPA for an EA precludes any authorising MDA from licensing, permitting, approving or consenting such undertaking, unless notified otherwise.

EA Regulations and Procedures

The EA Regulations combine both assessment and environmental management systems. The regulations prohibit commencing an undertaking/activity without prior registration and environmental permit (EP). Undertakings are grouped into schedules for ease of screening and registration and for EP. The schedules include undertakings requiring registration and EP (Schedule 1), EIA mandatory undertakings (Schedule 2), as well as Schedule 5-relevant undertakings (located in Environmentally Sensitive Areas).

The Regulations also define the relevant stages and actions, including: registration, screening, preliminary environmental assessment (PEA), scoping and terms of reference (ToR), environmental impact assessment (EIA), review of EA reports, public notices and hearings, environmental permitting and certification, fees payment, EMP, Annual Environmental Report (AER), suspension/revocation of permit, complaints/appeals, etc.