Lifespan Ch 3 Review
1.Describe the three main periods of prenatal development.
2.Define and give an example of a teratogen.
3.Define fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), and list two (physical and/or mental) abnormalities in the child that are associated with FAS.
4.Compare and contrast the duties, experience, and education of midwives and doulas.
5.Name and give an example of three different types of drugs that are used for labor.
6.List three newer nonmedicated techniques used in childbirth to reduce stress and pain.
7.Describe the risks and benefits of cesarean delivery.
8.Describe the major symptoms, possible causes, and treatment for postpartum depression.
9.The prenatal period of development takes place in the first two weeks after conception. It includes the creation of the zygote, cell division, and the attachment of the zygote to the uterine wall.
10.The period of prenatal development that occurs 2 to 8 weeks after conception. During this time, the rate of cell differentiation intensifies, support systems for the cells form, and organs appear.
11.The prenatal period of development that begins 2 months after conception and lasts for 7 months.
12.The inner layer of cells that develops during the germinal period. These cells will later develop into the embryo.
13.One of the three layers of cells of the embryo. This is the inner layer of cells, which will develop into the digestive and respiratory systems.
14.One of the three layers of cells of the embryo. This is the outermost layer, which will become the nervous system, the sensory receptors (e.g., ears, nose, eyes), and the skin parts (e.g., hair, nails).
15.One of the three layers of cells of the embryo. This is the middle layer, which will become the circulatory system, bones, muscles, excretory system, and reproductive system.
16.This is one of the life-support systems of the embryo. It is a bag or envelope that contains a clear fluid in which the developing embryo floats.
17.This is one of the life-support systems of the embryo. It contains two arteries and one vein connecting the baby to the placenta.
18.This is one of the life-support systems of the embryo. It is a disk-shaped group of tissues in which small blood vessels from the mother and the offspring intertwine. Oxygen, water, salt, and food from the mother's blood are passed to the embryo. Carbon dioxide and digestive wastes from the embryo pass to the mother.
19.The name given to the process of organ formation during the first 2 months of prenatal development.
20.This process, which takes place at approximately 6 to 24 weeks after conception, involves cells moving from their point of origin to their appropriate locations and creating the different levels, structures, and regions of the brain.
21.Any agent that can potentially cause a birth defect or negatively alter cognitive and behavioral outcomes of the developing baby.
22.Drugs that act on the nervous system to alter states of consciousness, modify perceptions, and change moods.
23.A cluster of abnormalities that appears in the offspring of mothers who drink heavy amounts of alcohol during pregnancy.
24.This is a condition in which the mother's immune system may produce antibodies that will attack the fetus.
25.A vaccine that may be given to the mother within three days of her first child's birth to prevent her body from making antibodies that will attack any future Rh-positive fetuses in subsequent pregnancies.
26.This is a nutrient that helps to prevent neural tube defects such as spina bifida in offspring.
27.A kind of drug used in labor to relieve pain. Examples include tranquilizers, barbiturates, and narcotics (e.g., Demerol).
28.A kind of drug used late in the first stage of labor and during expulsion of the baby to block sensation in the area of the mother's body or block consciousness of the mother. An epidural block is one example.
29.A kind of drug used to stimulate contractions. Pitocin is an example.
30.A widely used method to assess the health of newborns at one and five minutes after birth. It is used to evaluate such things as the infant's heart rate, body color, and reflex irritability.
31.A test that is given to the neonate within 24 to 36 hours after birth. It is designed to assess a newborn's neurological development and reflexes.
32.An infant that is born 3 or more weeks before the pregnancy has reached its full term.
33.A way of holding a preterm infant so that there is skin-to-skin contact.