Lesson 2.4 Design Problem - Materials

Lesson 2.4 Design Problem – Materials and Structures

Concepts

Design problems can besolved by individuals or in teams.
Engineers use a design process to create solutions to existing problems.
Design briefs are used to identify the problem specifications and establish project constraints.
Teamwork requires constant communication to achieve the desiredgoal.
Design teams conduct research to develop their knowledge base, stimulate creative ideas, and make informed decisions.

Performance Objectives

It is expected that students will:

Brainstorm and sketch possible solutions to an existing design problem.
Create a decision making matrix for the design problem.
Select an approach that meets or satisfies the constraints given in a design brief.
Create a detailed pictorial sketch or use 3D modeling software to document the best choice, based upon your team’s decision matrix.
Present a workable design solution.

Essential Questions

What is a design brief?What are design constraints?

Why is a design process so important to follow when creating a solution to a problem?
What is a decision matrix and why is it used?
What does consensus mean, and how do teams use consensusto make decisions?
How do the properties and types of materials affect the solution to a design problem?

Key Terms

Accuracy / 1. The condition or quality of being true, correct, or exact; precision; exactness. 2. The degree of correctness of a quantity or expression.
Assembly / A group of machined or handmade parts that fit together to form a self-contained unit.
Brainstorming / A group technique for solving problems, generating ideas, stimulating creative thinking, etc., by unrestrained spontaneous participation in discussion.
Component / A part or element of a larger whole.
Consensus / A general agreement.
Constraint / 1. A limit to a design process. Constraints may be such things as appearance, funding, space, materials, and human capabilities. 2. A limitation or restriction.
Decision Matrix / A tool for systematically ranking alternatives according to a set of criteria.
Design Brief / A written plan that identifies a problem to be solved, its criteria, and its constraints. The design brief is used to encourage thinking of all aspects of a problem before attempting a solution.
Design Modification / A major or minor change in the design of an item, effected in order to correct a deficiency, to facilitate production, or to improve operational effectiveness.
Design Process / A systematic problem-solving strategy, with criteria and constraints, used to develop many possible solutions to solve a problem or satisfy human needs and wants and to winnow (narrow) down the possible solutions to one final choice.
Design Statement / A part of a design brief that challenges the designer, describes what a design solution should do without describing how to solve the problem, and identifies the degree to which the solution must be executed.
Designer / A person who designs any of a variety of things. This usually implies the task of creating drawings or in some way usingvisual cues to organize work.
Open-Ended / Not having fixed limits; unrestricted; broad.
Pictorial Sketch / A sketch that shows an object’s height, width, and depth in a single view.
Problem Statement / A part of a design brief that clearly and concisely identifies a client’s or target consumer’s problem, need, or want.
Purpose / The reason for which something is done or for which something exists.
Sketch / A rough drawing representing the main features of an object or scene and often made as a preliminary study.
Solid Modeling / A type of 3D CAD modeling that represents the volume of an object, not just its lines and surfaces. This allows for analysis of the object’s mass properties.
Target Consumer / A person or group for which product or service design efforts are intended.
Team / A collection of individuals, each with his or her own expertise, brought together to benefit a common goal.

Instructional Resources

Presentations

Teamwork

Design Process Overview

Word Documents

Problem 2.4.1 Design Problem

Career Field Description

Lesson 2.4 Key Terms Crossword

Reference Sources

Ask Oxford. (2008). AskOxford.com. Retrieved March 11, 2008, from

Costello, R. B. (Ed.). (1991). Random house Webster’s college dictionary. New York: Random House, Inc.

Giesecke, F. E., Mitchell, A., Spencer, H. C., Hill, I.L., Dygdon, T. J., Novak, J. E. (2000). Technical drawing (11th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ; Prentice Hall Inc.

Goetsch, D.L., Chalk, W.S., Nelson, J.A., & Rickman, R.L. (2005). Technical drawing (5th ed.). Clifton Park, NY: Thomson Delmar Learning.

International Technology Education Association. (2000). Standards for technological literacy. Reston, VA: ITEA.

Johnson, C., Lockhart, S. (2000). Engineering design communication: Conveying design through graphics. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Lockhart, S. D, Johnson, C.M. (2000). Engineering design communication. Prentice Hall.

Madsen, D. A., Folkestad, J., Schertz, K. A., Schumaker, T. M., Stark, C.,& Turpin, J. L.(2002). Engineering drawing and design (3rd ed.).Albany, NY: Delmar.

National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE) and International Reading Association (IRA) (1996). Standards for the English language arts. Newark, DE: IRA; Urbana, IL: NCTE.

National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM). (2000). Principles and standards for school mathematics. Reston, VA: Author.

National Research Council (NRC). (1996). National science education standards. Washington, D. C.: NationalAcademy Press.

Random House Webster’s college dictionary (2nd Rev. ed.). (2000). New York: Random House Reference.

Schertz, K. A., Whitney, T. A. (2001). Design tools for engineering teams: An integrated approach.Albany, NY: Delmar.

Sones, C., Hawker, S. (2005). Compact oxford English dictionary (3rd ed.). Oxford; New York: OxfordUniversity Press.

Wallach, P. (2003). Fundamentals of modern drafting.Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Thomson Learning.

Project Lead The Way,Inc.

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