Laboratory Diagnostics 3Rd Year, Summer Semester 2015/2016

Laboratory diagnostics 3rd year, summer semester 2015/2016

Syllabus

1)Clinical enzymology (ENZ)

a)Indicatory, secretory and excretory enzymes

b)The enzymes of a diagnostic value: ALT, AST, CK, GGT, amylase, lipase

c)Isoenzymes and isoforms determination

d)Myocardial infarction

i)Diagnosis (ECG)

ii)Cardiac markers: enzymatic and non-enzymatic

e)Clinical cases

2)Gastrointestinal tract (GIT)

a)Liver function test (LFT’s)

i)Bilirubin

ii)AST and ALT

iii)ALP

iv)GGT

v)Plasma proteins

vi)PT (prothrombin time)

b)Hepatocellular cancer (HCC) – alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)

c)Hyperbilirubinemia – jaundice

d)Liver disease

i)Acute and chronic liver disease

ii)Cirrhosis of the liver

e)Pancreatitis

i)Acute and chronic pancreatitis

ii)Pancreatic cancer

f)Malabsorption

g)Clinical cases

3)Glucose metabolism and diabetes mellitus (GDM)

a)Definition and description of diabetes mellitus

b)Classification of diabetes mellitus and other categories of glucose regulation: type 1, type 2, other types, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)

c)Diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus

i)Fasting plasma glucose (FPG)

ii)Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)

d)“Pre-diabetes”

i)impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)

ii)impaired fasting glucose (IFG)

e)Clinical cases

4)Coagulation disorders (COA)

a)Investigation of a patients with a suspected defect of haemostasis

i)History

ii)Examination

iii)Laboratory screening tests: platelets (platelets count, blood film, bleeding time), vascular (bleeding time), coagulation (APTT, PT, TT, fibrinogen), fibrynolysis (ELT, TT, FDP)

b)Etiology of hemostasis disorders:

i)Acquired: Vitamin K deficiency, liver disease, DIC, circulating anticoagulants

ii)Hereditary: Von Willebrand’s disease, hemophilias, uncommon hereditary coagulation disorders

c)Defibrination syndromes: DIC vs primary activated fibrynolysis

d)Bleeding due to abnormal blood vessels

5)Calcium, phosphate and magnesium metabolism (CPM)

a)Regulation of calcium metabolism – ionized calcium level

b)Hypocalcemia and tetany

i)Hypoparathyroidism

ii)Pseudohypoparathyroidism

iii)Vitamin D deficiency

iv)Renal disease

c)Hypercalcemia – principal causes

i)Excessive bone resorption

ii)Excessive GI absorption

iii)Elevated plasma protein concentration

d)Hypophosphatemia

e)Hyperphosphatemia

f)Clinical cases

6)Tumor markers (TUM)

a)Laboratory test in neoplastic diseases

b)Abnormal electrolyte results associated with tumors

c)The use of tumor markers

i)Monitoring

ii)Follow-up (tumor recurrence)

iii)Diagnosis

iv)Prognosis

v)Screening

d)Tumor markers with clinical value

e)Clinical cases

7)Lipoprotein metabolism (LIP)

a)Lipoprotein metabolism

b)Clinical disorders of lipid metabolism

c)Classification

i)Primary disorders

ii)Secondary disorders

d)Genetic causes of dyslipidaemia

e)Diagnosis and screening

8)Thyroid gland (THY1)

a)Thyroid hormone action

b)Goiter

c)Thyroid function tests

d)Hypothyroidism: clinical features, causes, diagnosis, treatment

e)Screening for neonatal hypothyroidosis

f)Non-thyroidal illness

9)Thyroid gland (THY2)

a)Hyperthyroidism: clinical features, causes, diagnosis, treatment

10)Adrenal glands (ADR1)

a)Adrenocortical pathophysiology

b)Cortisol, adrenal androgens

c)Assessing function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis

d)Aldosterone

e)CAH

f)Relationship of adrenal cortex and medulla

g)Hypofunction: biochemical features, diagnosis

11)Adrenal (ADR2)

a)Hyperfunction: cortisol excess, androgen excess, aldosterone excess

b)Pheochromocytoma