CHAPTER 6
Labor Old and New: The Impact of the Industrial Revolution
For Further Reading
James R. Farr, Artisans in Europe, 1300–1914 (2000). A study of the practitioners of the “old labor” by their foremost historian.
Robert S. Duplessis, Transitions to Capitalism in Early Modern Europe (1997). A concise study of the economic foundations of modern industrial capitalism.
Ronald M. Hartwell, The Industrial Revolution and Economic Growth (1971). A collection of essays by the author, including several that highlight historians’ debates on whether industrialization improved or worsened the standard of living in early-nineteenth-century England.
E. J. Hobsbawm, Labouring Men (1964). Essays by the author on early industrial work and the standard-of-living debate.
David S. Landes, The Unbound Prometheus: Technological Change and Industrial Development in Western Europe from 1750 to the Present (1970). The foremost history of the technological changes that transformed the early-nineteenth-century West.
Roger Magraw, A History of the French Working Class (1992). Perhaps the best modern synthesis of the vast literature on French industrial workers.
Sheilagh Ogilvie, A Bitter Living: Women Markets, and Social Capital in Early Modern Germany (2003). Focusing on the German state of Württemburg, this study examines the lot of pre-industrial women workers.
Ivy Pinchbeck, Women Workers and the Industrial Revolution, 1750–1850 (1930). An old but classic examination of women’s work in England.
Sidney Pollard, “Factory Discipline in the Industrial Revolution,” Economic History Review, 16 (1963): pp. 254–271. An excellent article on the disciplining of early industrial workers.
James S. Roberts, Drink, Temperance and the Working Class in Nineteenth-Century Germany (1984). A treatment of the alcohol problem in the context of the Industrial Revolution.
George Rudé, The Crowd in History, 1730–1848 (1964). This important study of crowd violence focuses in part on the Luddite phenomenon.
Joan W. Scott, The Glassworkers of Carmaux: French Craftsmen and Political Action in a Nineteenth-Century City (1974). A study of French glassworkers as the Industrial Revolution transformed their work from a skilled craft to an occupation within an increasingly mechanized industry.
Joan W. Scott and Louise A. Tilly, Women, Work, and Family (1978). An excellent study of the evolution of female work in England and France.
William H. Seward, Jr., Work and Revolution in France: The Language of Labor from the Old Regime to 1848 (1980). An important reconstruction of the world of French artisans in the early years of the modern capitalist system.
K. D. M. Snell, Annals of the Labouring Poor: Social Change and Agrarian England, 1669–1900 (1985). An excellent treatment of rural southern England that traces the declining circumstances of the region’s workers in the age of industrialization.
E. P. Thompson, The Making of the English Working Class (1963). A massive study of the formation of the English working class.
E. P. Thompson, “Time, Work Discipline and Industrial Capitalism,” Past and Present, 38 (1967): pp. 56–97. A pioneering article on the new concepts of time discipline that were introduced by industrialization.
Nancy Tomes, “A Torrent of Abuse: Crimes of Violence Between Working-Class Men and Women in London, 1840–1875,” Journal of Social History 11 (1977–1978): pp. 328–345. An examination of working-class domestic violence that reveals widespread peer group toleration of the problem.
Merry E. Wiesner, Working Women in Renaissance Germany (1986). A pioneering study of pre-industrial women workers.