Insights from community ecology into the role of enemy release in causing invasion success: the importance of native enemy effects
Biological Invasions
Kirsten M. Prior1, Thomas H.Q. Powell, Ashley L. Joseph, Jessica J. Hellmann
Corresponding Author1: University of Florida;
Electronic Supplementary Material 4: Tables of statistics for main comparisons (ecosystems and taxonomic groups)
Table S4.1 Mean effect sizes (Hedges’ d), confidence limits, and statistics for comparisons of enemy effects among ecosystems and taxonomic groups
Variable / Levels / Hedges’ d / Lower 95% CL / Upper 95% CL / n / QW / d.f. / PW / QB / d.f. / PBEcosystem / Terrestrial / 0.61 / 0.49 / 0.73 / 283
Marine / 0.86 / 0.62 / 1.08 / 172
Freshwater / 0.86 / 0.68 / 1.04 / 160 / 929.84 / 612 / <0.0001 / 7.50 / 2 / 0.0235
Terrestrial Prey / Plant / 0.38 / 0.21 / 0.57 / 136
Invertebrate / 0.75 / 0.61 / 0.91 / 130
Vertebrate / 0.69 / 0.20 / 1.15 / 17 / 412.23 / 280 / <0.0001 / 11.16 / 2 / 0.0038
Marine Prey / Plant / 0.90 / 0.53 / 1.24 / 95
Invertebrate / 0.95 / 0.53 / 1.38 / 58
Vertebrate / 0.96 / 0.64 / 1.38 / 19 / 258.17 / 169 / <0.0001 / 0.34 / 2 / 0.9818
Freshwater Prey / Plant / 1.17 / 0.92 / 1.48 / 56
Invertebrate / 0.67 / 0.44 / 0.91 / 98
Vertebrate / 1.31 / 0.68 / 2.34 / 6 / 206.69 / 157 / 0.0048 / 7.75 / 2 / 0.0207
Note. Statistical comparisons were conducted among ecosystems and among taxonomic groups within each ecosystem. Confidence limits are 95 % bias-corrected confidence intervals. Sample sizes are given (i.e., number of observations). Significance of QB (between-group comparison) and QW (within-group comparison) were estimated using chi-square distributions. Significant between-group comparisons are in boldtype. See Fig. 3 in manuscript.
Table S4.2 Mean effect sizes (ln R), confidence limits, and statistics for comparisons of enemy effects among ecosystems types and taxonomic groups
Variable / Levels / ln R / Lower 95% CL / Upper 95% CL / n / QW / d.f. / PW / QB / d.f. / PBEcosystem / Terrestrial / 0.40 / 0.32 / 0.47 / 276
Marine / 0.67 / 0.51 / 0.82 / 162
Freshwater / 0.58 / 0.45 / 0.73 / 154 / 1023.89 / 589 / <0.0001 / 20.37 / 2 / <0.0001
Terrestrial Prey / Plant / 0.25 / 0.13 / 0.38 / 128
Invertebrate / 0.51 / 0.41 / 0.61 / 131
Vertebrate / 0.51 / 0.22 / 0.81 / 17 / 413.61 / 273 / <0.0001 / 16.11 / 2 / 0.0003
Marine Prey / Plant / 0.74 / 0.49 / 0.97 / 87
Invertebrate / 0.65 / 0.40 / 0.92 / 57
Vertebrate / 0.57 / 0.38 / 0.80 / 18 / 234.76 / 159 / 0.0001 / 0.70 / 2 / 0.7043
Freshwater Prey / Plant / 0.83 / 0.65 / 1.05 / 52
Invertebrate / 0.42 / 0.28 / 0.60 / 96
Vertebrate / 1.35 / 0.54 / 2.31 / 6 / 333.66 / 151 / <0.0001 / 25.74 / 2 / <0.0001
Note. Statistical comparisons were conducted among ecosystems types and taxonomic groups within each ecosystem. Confidence limits are 95 % bias-corrected confidence intervals. Sample sizes are given (i.e., number of observations). Significance of QB and QW were estimated using chi-square distributions. Significant between-group comparisons are in boldtype.
Table S4.3 Mean effect sizes (Hedges’ d), confidence limits, and statistics for comparisons of enemy effects among ecosystems and taxonomic groups at the study level
Variable / Levels / Hedges’ d / Lower 95% CL / Upper 95% CL / N / QW / d.f. / PW / QB / d.f. / PBEcosystem / Terrestrial / 0.65 / 0.49 / 0.83 / 77
Marine / 0.97 / 0.73 / 1.23 / 50
Freshwater / 1.05 / 0.84 / 1.29 / 47 / 205.58 / 171 / 0.0356 / 7.19 / 2 / 0.0275
Terrestrial Prey / Plant / 0.54 / 0.30 / 0.81 / 34
Invertebrate / 0.73 / 0.50 / 0.99 / 33
Vertebrate / 0.89 / 0.27 / 1.50 / 10 / 88.18 / 74 / 0.1248 / 1.61 / 2 / 0.4481
Marine Prey / Plant / 0.95 / 0.63 / 1.29 / 30
Invertebrate / 1.02 / 0.61 / 1.77 / 13
Vertebrate / 1.20 / 0.76 / 1.78 / 7 / 63.13 / 47 / 0.8651 / 0.29 / 2 / 0.8651
Freshwater Prey / Plant / 1.30 / 0.96 / 1.72 / 23
Invertebrate / 0.78 / 0.54 / 1.04 / 20 / 44.42 / 41 / 0.3297 / 4.38 / 1 / 0.0363
Note. Statistical comparisons were conducted among ecosystems types and taxonomic groups within each ecosystem. Confidence limits are 95 % bias-corrected confidence intervals. Sample sizes are given (i.e., number of studies). Significance of QB and QW were estimated using chi-square distributions. Significant between-group comparisons are in boldtype. Freshwater vertebrates studies were not included in the analysis because this group contained less than five studies.