Science 7— Name--______

iScience—Chapter 20—Study Guide and Review—Standardized Test Practice

Key Science Words

  1. equinox
  2. lunar
  3. phase
  4. revolution
  5. rotation
  6. solar
  7. solstice
  8. waning
  9. waxing

Use Vocabulary

Directions: Match each phrase with the correct term from the list of Key Science words. Write the science word on the blank.

1.The path Earth follows around the Sun is Earth’s ______.

2.When a(n) ______occurs, the northern hemisphere and the southern hemisphere receive the same amount of light.

3.The lit part of the Moon as viewed from Earth is a(n) ______.

4.For the first half of the lunar cycle, the lit part of the Moon’s near side is ______.

5.For the second half of the lunar cycle, the lit part of the Moon’s near side is ______.

6.The Moon turns a reddish color during a total ______eclipse.

Understanding Key Concepts

Directions: Circle the answer of the correct answer.

  1. What is caused by the tilt of Earth’ rotational axis?
  1. Earth’s seasons
  2. Earth’s revolution
  3. Earth’s rotation
  4. Earth’s orbit
  1. Which property of the Sun most affects the strength of gravitational attractional between the Sun and Earth?
  2. mass
  3. radius
  4. shape
  5. temperature
  1. Which would be different if Earth rotated from east to west but at the same rate?
  2. the amount of energy striking Earth
  3. the days on which solstices occur
  4. the direction of the Sun’s apparent motion across the sky
  5. the number of hours in a day
  1. In the image below, which season is the northern hemisphere experiencing? Point A is the North Pole.
  1. fall
  2. spring
  3. summer
  4. winter
  1. Which best explains why Earth is colder at the poles than at the equator?
  2. Earth is farther from the Sun at the poles than at the equator.
  3. Earth’s orbit is not a perfect circle.
  4. Earth’s rotation axis is tilted.
  5. Earth’s surface is more tilted at the poles than at the equator.
  1. What is the movement of one object around another object in space?
  1. axis
  2. orbit
  3. revolution
  4. rotation
  1. How many times larger is the Sun’s diameter than Earth’s diameter?
  2. about 10 times larger
  3. about 100 times larger
  4. about 1,000 times larger
  5. about 10,000 times larger
  1. What force keeps Earth in a circular orbit around the Sun?
  2. atomic fusion
  3. gravity
  4. solar flares
  5. rotation
  1. The letter A on the figure refers to which of these?
  1. rotational axis
  2. revolution
  3. orbit
  4. seasons
  1. In which season does the tilt of Earth allow an area to receive the most light?
  2. spring
  3. summer
  4. fall
  5. winter
  6. During which month is Earth closest to the Sun?

A.January

B.April

C.August

D.December

  1. At which time of the year is the number of daylight and dark hours equal?
  2. December solstice
  3. July solstice
  4. March equinox
  5. December equinox
  1. What causes the Sun’s apparent motion across the sky each day?
  1. The Sun is revolving around Earth.
  2. The Earth is revolving around the Sun.
  3. Earth is revolving around its axis to catch the Sun’s rays.
  4. Earth is rotating west to east, so the Sun seems to move east to west.
  1. Which phase occurs when the Moon is between the Sun and Earth?
  2. first quarter
  3. full moon
  4. new moon
  5. third quarter
  1. How are the revolutions of the Moon and Earth alike?
  1. Both are produced by gravity.
  2. Both are revolutions around the Sun.
  3. Both orbits are the same size.
  4. Both take the same amount of time.
  1. Which could occur during a total solar eclipse?
  2. full moon
  3. neap tide
  4. spring tide
  5. first quarter moon
  1. Which moon phase occurs about one week after a new moon?
  2. another new moon
  3. first quarter moon
  4. full moon
  5. third quarter moon
  1. Why is the same side of the Moon always visible from Earth?
  1. The Moon does not revolve around Earth.
  2. The Moon does not rotate.
  3. The Moon makes exactly one rotation for each revolution around Earth.
  4. The Moon’s rotation axis is not tilted.
  1. About how often do spring tides occur?
  1. once each month
  2. once each year
  3. twice each month
  4. twice each year
  1. Which accurately describes Earth’s position and orientation during summer in the northern hemisphere?
  2. Earth is at its closest point to the Sun.
  3. Earth’s hemispheres receive equal amounts of solar energy.
  4. The north end of Earth’s rotational axis leans toward the Sun.
  5. The Sun emits a greater amount of light and heat energy.
  1. Which are large, dark lunar areas formed by cooled lava?
  1. craters
  2. highlands
  3. maria
  4. ray
  1. During one lunar cycle, the Moon
  1. completes its east-to west path across the sky exactly once
  2. completes its entire sequence of phases
  3. progresses only from the new moon phase to the full moon phase.
  4. revolves around Earth twice.

21. During which lunar phase might a solar eclipse occur?

  1. first quarter moon
  2. full moon
  3. new moon
  4. third quarter moon
  1. Which does the entire Moon pass through during a partial lunar eclipse?
  2. Earth’s penumbra
  3. Earth’s umbra
  4. the Moon’s penumbra
  5. the Moon’s umbra
  1. In which phase of the Moon is just one half of the near side of the Moon visible?
  1. full moon
  2. first quarter
  3. new moon
  4. waning moon
  1. Which theory of the Moon’s origin is shown in the figure?

  1. Volcanoes from Earth shot molten lava into the air.
  2. A large object collided with Earth and material was ejected into space.
  3. The Moon was an asteroid captured by Earth’s gravity.
  4. The Moon separated from Earth early in Earth’s history.
  1. In situation B in the figure, which shows the correct season in the correct hemisphere?
  1. summer in the Northern Hemisphere
  2. winter in the Northern Hemisphere
  3. summer solstice
  4. summer in the Southern Hemisphere

Interpret Graphics

  1. What type of eclipse does the figure above illustrate?

1