Name:______Period:____

KEY: Period 2: 1607 – 1754 (Colonial America)

  1. For each date given, explain the significance in one complete sentence:
  • 1607: Jamestown was founded in 1607 and was significant because it was the first, constantly settled English colony. It is also significant because it exposes Natives to Englishmen for the first time (setting up future relationships), begins American cash-crop economy and identifies future population needs (skilled-laborers, farmers, women etc)
  • 1629:(1629 into 1630) First puritans come to Mass., sparking the Great Puritan Migration. John Winthrop leads the first migration and 20,000 eventually follow. Made-up of mostly families, set up Puritan beliefs in Mass., began the “City upon a Hill” which will be used to describe American exceptionalism. Puritans wanted a Purer form of Anglican Church, without Catholic influences.
  • 1670s: Era of Metacom’s War (King Philip’s War). King Philip was upset that Englishmen were breaking treaties, settling on land that was designated for Natives (per treaty) and sometimes even taking Natives as labor. He wanted to defeat colonists and re-establish native superiority. The colonists won the war, ending Native resistance in New England, creating a safer colonial atmosphere and eventually leading to Natives siding with the French in the French and Indian Wars.
  • 1754: French and Indian War. French enlisting the help of Native tribes to gain territory, trading rights and political influence over English colonies. Part of the series of wars between France and England (Seven Year’s War). England ends up winning and gaining French territory, weakening Native tribes and pushing them from Colonial areas and creating an insurmountable debt. Because of that debt, England creates a series of strict laws/acts to create revenue using the colonies to fix its war debts. American colonies will resent the acts and economic hardships, leading to talks of parliamentary representation and eventually to independence.
  1. Identify the colonies based on the characteristics listed:
  • Massachusetts Bay Colony
  • Plymouth Rock
  • Pilgrims – separatists
  • Mayflower Compact
  • Massachusetts Bay
  • John Winthrop, “City upon a Hill”
  • Puritans
  • Governor and representative assembly (House of Burgesses)
  • Rhode Island
  • Roger Williams
  • Religious Toleration
  • Bought land from the natives
  • Maryland
  • Lord Baltimore
  • First proprietary colony; only Catholic colony
  • Guaranteed religious freedom to all Christians
  • Act of Toleration (1649) - Passed legislation protecting the rights of Catholic colonists to worship freely
  • Pennsylvania
  • Proprietary colony; William Penn
  • Religious freedom, no established church
  • Home to the first white settlers to disapprove of slavery
  • Strong relations with local Indians
  • Society of Friends (Quakers)
  • Roanoke
  • Sir Walter Raleigh
  • John Rolfe - Tobacco Colony
  • Jamestown 1607- First permanent English colony
  • Virginia Company
  • Georgia
  • George Oglethorpe
  • Buffer against Spanish Florida
  1. Identify the historical significance of each person listed:
  • Anne Hutchinson – defendant in the most famous of the trials intended to squelch religious dissent in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Anne Hutchinson is considered one of the first notable woman religious leaders in the North American Colonies. She fought for religious freedom and openly challenged the male dominated government and church authorities, making her a religious and feminist role model
  • Sir Walter Raleigh – Supporter of American Colonization, was granted a charter by Queen Elisabeth in the late 1500s. Eventually helped to establish Roanoke off of the Carolinas. Although Roanoke failed, he left a lasting desire in many Englishmen to settle America.
  • John Winthrop – Leader and minister in the Puritan church. Led the first Puritans into Mass and began the Great Migration. Used the “City on the Hill” speech to establish Puritan belief of religious superiority, focused the aim of Puritan belief, and will be used to make a case for American exceptionalism.
  • John Smith – One of the men to originally settle Jamestown in Virginia. Although he was part of the problem (not planting, being lazy, etc.). He will eventually help to motivate settlers to farm and be self-sustaining. Although it will be many years before Jamestown has a stable and growing population, John Smith began the American need to “help yourself”
  • Governor Berkeley – British Colonial governor of Virginia. He had moderate Native policy, which led many to believe he was not doing his part to protect the outlying colonial farmers. Nathaniel Bacon will eventually revolt against Berkeley, emphasizing social class differences and leading to many colonists to resent English colonial interference.
  • John Locke – English Enlightenment philosopher. Spoke of the natural rights of men and the belief that men should have some representation in their government. He believed in Life, Liberty and Property, ideas that will eventually influence the writing of the Declaration of Independence.
  1. Identify the characteristic listed as: (N) New England Colony, (M) Middle Colony (C) ChesapeakeColony, (S) Southern Colonies, or (A) All Colonies
  • __M_ Known as the bread colonies
  • __C/S___ By the early 1700s slavery was legal in this colony
  • __S__ Rice was the primary cash crop of these colonies
  • _C__ These colonies made their fortune through the cultivation of tobacco
  • __N_ These colonies relied on trade due to the lack of land that could be cultivated and their closeproximity to the Atlantic Ocean and an intricate river system.
  1. Answer each question in a complete sentence:

a)Which European nation’s settlers most categorically rejected North American Indian culture and worldviews?

The English rejected Native culture and barbaric and inferior. English colonies (generally) did not approve of mixture through marriage and only formed trade/treaties if it benefitted colonists. Often broke treaties.

b)What’s the relationship between the Great Migration and the Half Way Covenant?

The Great Migration brought over 20,000 Puritans into Mass. This established a very strong Puritan presence in America and built a strong Protestant-based congregation in the New World. To be a church member, an adult must have a conversion experience, believed to only be bestowed on God’s chosen. Membership meant voting rights/land rights. After a time, as their children grew and Enlightenment ideas influenced them, and membership diminished. Young people were not experiencing a conversion experience and Puritan influence in Mass was threatened by Enlightenment ideas due to less voting members. The Half-way Covenant gave partial voting rights/partial membership to young people to increase puritan influence back to Great Migration numbers.

c)Why did the Puritans renounce the Church of England?

The Church of England (Anglican) was too influenced by the Catholic Church; which was considered decadent. Puritans believed to be closer to God they must rid the church of all popery (the hierarchy, celebrations and rituals in the Catholic Church)

d)The list below includes reasons for the growth of what?

  • Difficulty enslaving native peoples
  • Lack of indentured servants
  • Labor intensive cash crops like tobacco, rice, etc.

These are reasons for the growth of African Slavery in Colonial America.

e)How did the Iroquois differ from their interactions with the English than other natives in the 17th century?

Iroquois create a confederation with other Iroquois tribes. Although they traded with colonists, they never trusted colonists and unlike other native tribes used kinship to create a protective native government.

f)Define salutary neglect and explain how it can be applied to the relationship between England and the American British colonies during the 15th and 16thcentury?

Salutary Neglect was the unofficial English policy towards American Colonies. England was too involved with wars in Europe to care what the colonists were doing. Because of this, colonists were left to create their own governmental entities, trade relationships, laws etc., which will lead to a unique American identity. England tried to re-establish control of the colonies after years of ignoring them, creating resentment, anger and am eventual break.

g)What do the creation and enforcement of the Navigation Acts and the Dominion of New England say about the relationship between England and the American British?

England used the American colonies as a source of revenue. The Navigation Acts created a series of laws to ensure England would reap the benefits of American trade, often at the expense of the colonies. When the colonists tried to resist the Acts, England established the Dominion to control New England (the seat of much of the dissent). This further upset the relationship between the two. The relationship between the Colonies and England is strained by these events, and prove that England only regarded the colonies as a source of economic revenue.

h)What is theLine of Proclamation?

It is an official line down the Appalachian Mountains, separating the English colonies from French territory (Mountains to the Mississippi River). Colonists were banned from colonizing West of this line. This was an attempt at compromise between the English and French governments; English settlement west of the mountains will lead to conflict and be one of the catalysts for the French and Indian War.

i)What was the term used to describe the economic system of the European “mother country” regulating trade of its manufactured goods in exchange for raw materials from its North American colonies?Mercantilism

j)Colonial intellectual resistance to 18th-century British imperial control was often based on what event? It is based on the ideas from the Enlightenment

k)Defineseditious libel and list the name of the man who went to trial for it.

Seditious Libel is considered the crime of publishing statements against the government or a government official. John Zenger was a New York publisher and wrote against the Dominion Governor. He was brought to trial for Seditious Libel.

l)Describe the flow of goods in the Atlantic Slave Trade? (not a picture)

It is when slaves from Africa are bought and taken to the ‘West Indies’ to work on the sugar plantations. The sugar is transported to the American Colonies where it is refined and used to manufacture Rum, and/or Molasses. This product is then sold by English merchants and the money is used to buy more slaves, which will increase the sugar plantation output and therefore increase profits.

m)Which 18th-century religious movement in the British colonies most clearly signified growing religious independence, diversity, and uniqueness?

The Great Awakening. It signaled diversity (within Christian religion), evangelical sermons, zealousness and challenging conventional religious beliefs.

  1. Complete the chart below:(You will need to complete this on your own..Keeping you honest  )

Details / Cause / Effect / Significance
Bacon’s Rebellion
Stono Rebellion
Glorious Revolution
King Philip’s War
Salem Witch Trials

BONUS: (I will not be doing this. As a bonus, you must do this part to receive the extra points)

  1. Introduction to the French & Indian War (Seven Year’s War):

Time Period:

Detailed Description:

Causes of the French & Indian War

Effects of the French & Indian War

What was the outcome of the war?