Kampung Improvement Programme

City planning department

Of Surabaya

Surabaya’s c-kip

a new paradigm in the improvement strategy of the low income urban settlement.

  1. preface

Surabaya has many experienced in development program for low income urban settlements. The development program was started in 1924 which focused mainly in sanitation. Since late 1960s Surabaya introduced development program to low income urban settlement called WR. Supratman, and KIP (Kampung Improvement Program) 1976, which improve urban settlement infrastructures. After many programs have been implemented to low income urban settlemens it is noted that the program will not be successful without support from the community and their participation to improve their living condition. It’s also important to make the program more comprehensive either physical or non physical aspect such as social economic condition. Based on that experiences in mid 1990s Surabaya developed a new KIP approach called comprehensive KIP (c-kip), and has been implemented in 1998.

c-kip is a community based development in improving quality of kampung condition either physical or social economic condition. This program use Bottom Up Approach to encourages participation of the community in planning, implementation, and monitoring process until the end of the program. The program will implement of, by, and for the community as an integrated partnership among local government, private sectors, and the community.

The important thing of the program is to improve role and participation of the community as subject and object of development so it will increase sense of belonging of the community based approach, the program want to strngthen community involvement in order to ensure sustainability and make their settlements as integrated housing and services system in urban area.

  1. objectives

In Surabaya kampung lived 60 percent people (result of the 2000 cencus, Surabaya has population about 2.6 million peoples), which the housing process provided by peoples themselves. According to that figure it is seen that kampung has a strategic position of the lampung, c-kip implementation has general objectives:

  • To integrate the kampung with urban housing and services systems
  • To ensure the sustained development in kampung area and make it more competitive with the speed of achievements reached at city scale.

In the implementation process, based on the concept of the C-KIP which emphasize in community development C-KIP has specificobjectives:

  • Improving quality of housing and settlement environment, through comprehensive treatment of physics, services and infrastructure, also social economic condition
  • Community empowerment to growth initiative, creatifity and independency on implementation of development program
  • Developing chance of business to create the chance of work for kampung community as source of income that could support local economic.
  1. community involvement and institution arrangement

The important thing of the C-KIP as community based development is role of the community to support program implementation in planning, implementation, and monitoring process until the end of the program. The program will implement depend on community needs, which arrange and prioritized by themselves. In order to make the implementation process sufficient it is need to establish As implementation of Community Based Development (CBD) concept the most important component as key of successful is local institutional. Local institution will take responsibilities in the implementation process for each kampung. Local institutional that has been established:

  • Community Self-help Group

Each group has members about 6-15 persons, which in this group every demands and needs of members are accomodated

  • Kamping Foundation

The Lamping Foundation should take the responsibility arranging, managing and implementing development in their Kelurahan. Kampung foundation established by the community in Kelurahan level involving the existing institution and prominent figure in Kelurahan. Legally, this foundation is established by Major Decree, completed by Notariat Act and Bank Account.

  • Co-operative

Co-operative or self sustaining cooperative shal manage the budget to be effectively. Such cooperative is established in Kelurahan Level.

  1. program component

The C-KIP implementation includes physical development and non physical development such as social economy and the legal aspect. The program components of C-KIP are:

  • Physical Environment Improvement

Improving the overall environment quality of the respective kampung

  • Community Development

Growth motivation and independency of the people in other for next they can implement the development with their own power, accountable and sustainable

  • Small and middle Scale Business Improvement

Developing chance of business to create the chance of work for kampung community as source of income that could support local economic

  • Housing Improvement

Improving quality of the house both of the physics and legality.

  1. location

Community, the community to be supported by C-KIP is low income people who live in kampung area. The C-KIP implementation has been started in 1998 and until now totally covered 19 kampungs. In 1998-2001 surabaya has been implemented C-KIP in 15 kampungs:

Kampung / Kelurahan / Kecamatan / Region
1 / Indrapura (Pesapen) / Krembangan Utara / Pabean Dantikan / North
2 / Medokan Ayu / Medokan Ayu / Rungkut / East
3 / Gunung Anyar Tambak / G. Anyar Tambak / G. Anyar Tambak
4 / Bronggalan / Pacar Kembang / Tambaksari
5 / Semolowaru / Semolowaru / Sukolilo
6 / Karah / Karah / Jambangan / South
7 / Letintang, KR Rejo, Jetis / Wonokromo / Wonokromo
8 / Jemur Wonosari / Jemur Wonosari / Wonokromo
9 / Gemol / Jajar Tunggal / Wiyung
10 / Pakis / Pakis / Sawahan
11 / Gardel Sari Madya / Gadel / Tandes / West
12 / Bandarejo / Sememi / Benowo
13 / Bangkingan / Bankingan / Lakarsantri
14 / Granting Baru / Simokerto / Simokerto / Center
15 / Gundih / Gundih / Bubutan

And in the fiscal year 2001 The C-KIP implement in 4 location;

No / Kampung / Kelurahan / Kecamatan /

Region

1 / Sumur Welut / Sumur Welut / Lakarsanri / West
2 / Kendalsari / Penjaringan Sari / Rungkut / East
3 / Nginden Jangkungan / Nginden Jangkungan / Sukolilo
4 / Kejawan Putih Tambak / Kejawan Putih Tambak / Mulyorejo
  1. fund management

The budget is provided as a grant from Government of Surabaya Municipality Rp. 200.000.000,-for each kampung. In the implementation process the fund of C-KIP devided in to 2 types, are:

  • Grant (max 30%)
  • Revolving Fund (min 70%)

The fund of C-KIP transfered directly to the Kampung Foundation Account, furthermore this fund will be managed together between Kampung Foundation and Co-operative.

Program
Component / Activity / Fund Alocation
Grant / Credit Scheme
(Revolving Fund)
Physical
Environment / Improvement of walkways and drainage, domestic solid waste management, public toilet, and others as proposed by the community. / 20% / -
Community
Developmwnt / Local Institution Arrangement / 10% / -
Training of institutional management / - / 10%
Small and Middle
Scale Business
Improvement /
  • Soft loan for small/middle scale business improvement
  • Training of small and middle business scale
/ - / 30%
Housing
Improvement / Improvement of kitchen and toilet, water supply conection, admission of building permit and land certification. / - / 30%

Local Government will supply C-KIP fund after get MOU between Local Government and Community (represent by Kampung Foundation). C-KIP fund disbursement arranged in 3 term:

Term I (40%):After local institution arrangement and get MOU between Local Government and Kampung Foundation

Term II (30%):After Term I C-KIP fund realized and the implementation progress achieve 90%

Term III (30%):After Term I and II fund realized and the total implementation progress achieve 90%.

  1. result

7.1C-KIP 1998-200

Result that achieved in the C-KIP Implementation 1998-2000:

  • Established local institution includes legal aspect

-15 Kampung Foundation

-15 Co-operative

-413 unit Community Self Help Group

Kampung / fund
alocation / local institution
kampung
fundation / co-operative / com. groups
unit / members
1 / Indrapura (Pesapen) / 219.550.000 / Bumi Karya Sejahtera / Bumi Karya Sejahtera / 16 / 285
2 / Medokan Ayu / 205.811.000 / Bina Masyarakat / Bhakti Usaha / 36 / 794
3 / Gunung Anyar Tambak / 158.137.000 / Al. Madani / Kudums Arum / 13 / 212
4 / Bronggalan / 207.930.000 / Artha Kecana / Mckar Jaya / 16 / 436
5 / Semolowaru / 244.990.000 / Semolowaru / Sumber Rejeki / 23 / 387
6 / Karah / 275.906.000 / Karah Makmur / Warga Lestari / 47 / 774
7 / Letintang, KR Rejo, Jetis / 263.537.000 / Citra Mandiri / Puspasari / 61 / 1.135
8 / Jemur Wonosari / 205.682.000 / Bersama / Bia Sejahtera / 51 / 934
9 / Gemol / 176.443.000 / Sejahtera / Pakis Mandiri / 28 / 492
10 / Pakis / 226.000.000 / Pakis / Gadel Jaya / 35 / 541
11 / Gardel Sari Madya / 147.000.000 / Gadel / Bina Sejahtera / 16 / 425
12 / Bandarejo / 136.573.000 / Bhakri Pertiwi / Bina Sejatera / 17 / 312
13 / Bangkingan / 141.100.000 / Bangkingan Membangun / Langgeng Jaya / 16 / 371
14 / Granting Baru / 217.766.000 / Amanah / Budi Luhur / 17 / 374
15 / Gundih / 204.325.000 / Sejahtcra / Gundih / 21 / 338
3.030.750.000 / 413 / 7810
  • Improve physical condition, social economy, and quality of life of the community in 15 kampungs.

Program component / Activity
Type / Volume
  1. physic
environment
improvement /
  1. Pathways
/ 7.473.8 / mt.
  1. Drainage
/ 6.432.6 / mt.
  1. Solid Waste Management
/ 1.142 / Unit
  1. Public Toilets
/ 7 / Unit
  1. Other facilities
/ 6 / Kegiatan
  1. community
development /
  1. Management Training
/ 98 / Kegiatan
  1. Skill training
/ 627 / Unit
  1. Soft Loan
/ 2.502 / Unit
  1. Information and Publication
/ 15 / Unit
  1. housing
improvement /
  1. Housing Improvement
/ 1.764 / Unit
  1. Kitchen Improvement
/ 247 / Unit
  1. Toilet
/ 212 / Unit
  1. Waste Supply Conection
/ 243 / Unit
  1. land
management /
  1. Building Permit
/ 176 / Unit
  1. Land Certification
/ 660 / Persil

7.2C-KIP 2001

The C-KIP FY. 2001 is on going process. According to the schedule, the C-KIP implementation will finish in early December 2001. Until this time progress of the implementation achieved about 70%. Esult of the implementation until October 2001;

  • Established local institution

-Kampung Eoundation

-Co-operative

-Community self help group

Kelurahan / Mane of kampung
Foundation / Name of co-operative
Sumur welut / Sumur welut maknur / Handayani
Penjaringan sari / Kiprah mandiri / Artha kiprah
Nginden jangkungan / Nginden bersemi / Nginden bersemi
Hejawan putih tambak / Kipratama jaya / Pundi sejahtera
  • Until this time C-KIP fund that has been supplied to 4 kampungs are Rp. 560.000.000 or about 70% of the total fund. These fund used to improve infrastructure, and social economy condition of kampung community. Result of the implementation;
  1. implementation stage
  • Community Self Survey
  • Established of Local Institution
  • Management and Institutional Development Training
  • Identification of Members for Community Self Help Group
  • Formulation of development plan
  • Agreement of Action Plan
  • Disbursement of Agreed fund
  • Implementation of development activities
  • Monitoring dan Evaluation
  1. organization arrangement

The role of Kampong Foundation in increasing the quality of environment

  • As a formal foundation that mobilizes the public to get involved in increasing the quality of environment.
  • As the fund manager in quality upgrading efforts.
  • Bridging the residents and the government to handle environmental programs based on society, including its supervision.
  • Information provider, especially anything deals with environmental technology.

Kampong Foundation’s system

  • The foundation is established by and for residents of kampongs
  • The foundation’s officials are those residents elected and toppled down by their communities. The officials are not from the bureaucrats.
  • The foundation is legally established under the supervision of notary.
  • The foundation is established in every kampong administration. Although for the beginning it only manages C-KIP but the future will see it is involved in managing other funds.
  • The ultimate supremacy is on the members’ meeting.

The roles of the local government, private sectors the public in increasing the quality of environment

  1. The government:
  • Lawmaker.
  • Supervisor.
  • Fund distributors.
  • Mediator and facilitator.
  • Education and training providers.
  • Facilitating the establishment of higher environmental forums
  1. The Private sector:
  • Fund provider
  • Assisting the public to increase the quality of environment by providing environmental tools such as waste installation and others.
  1. The public:
  • Conducting public service
  • As the additional fund provider
  • Actively involved in higher environmental forums

General information on Industrial area in Surabaya

  • As one of the industrial areas in Indonesia
  • In 1999 the number of workers in the city was ….
  • Additional information is shown in the following table:

The strategy in developing industrial areas

Big scale industrial development is in Rungkut Industrial Park (400 acres) and Kalianak Industrial Park (2000 acres).

Medium scales industrial development is in Warugunung, Kedungbaruk and Simokerto

Small scales industry is in Lakarsantri, Karangpilang, Wonocolo, Sawahan, Tandes and Benowo.

The obstacles:

Poor waste installation causing water pollution. (Many industries are found directly throw their waste into rivers)

No strict boundary between industrial areas and public houses.

No housing for workers causing social and land problems

General concept

government

Program & Loan

Local Government want to improve:

Community based development

That seem the integrated and partnership between Government with program and loan (Top Down), and response from community (Bottom up), so it can improve role and participation from community to succed this program.

Annex VI

organization structure of c-kip locan institution

in the 15 selected kampung 1998/1999