CHAPTER 7
Jail and Prison Inmates
TEST BANK
Multiple Choice Questions
1)Who do US jails incarcerate?
a: men
b: women
c: juveniles
d: all of the above
2)Which percentage of all local jail inmates are not convicted of any crime?
a: 38 percent
b: 50 percent
c: 100 percent
d: 5 percent
3)The Federal Bureau of Prisons operates 12 jails. Which percentage of inmates has not been convicted of a crime?
a: 100 percent
b: 75 percent
c: 50 percent
d: 1 percent
4)Which of the following are characteristics of the average state prisoner?
a: 32 years old
b: black
c: male
d: all of the above
5)Which offense played a primary role in the overall growth of the prison population from 2000 to 2010?
a: property crimes
b: murder
c: drugs
d: auto theft
6)What is the mechanism by which one becomes a member of the prison subculture?
a: prisonization
b: inmate code
c: prison subculture
d: fish
7)Inmates new to prison life are commonly referred to as:
a: cod
b: fish
c: wolves
d: cougars
8)Which of the following is not a part of the inmate code?
a: Never interfere with the interests of other inmates
b: Don’t lose your head
c: Don’t be weak
d: Make friends with the guards
9)Which of the following are rare inmates who follow all of the precepts of the inmate code?
a: right guys
b: con-politicians
c: outlaws
d: Square Johns
10)Which of the following are inmates with money and influence with both the guards and other inmates?
a: right guys
b: con-politicians
c: outlaws
d: Square Johns
11)Which of the following are inmates who rely on force and physical violence to obtain what they want from other inmates?
a: right guys
b: con-politicians
c: outlaws
d: Square Johns
12)Which of the following are inmates who follow the prison’s official rules, take part in institutional programming, and ignore all but the snitching provision of the inmate code?
a: right guys
b: con-politicians
c: outlaws
d: Square Johns
13)Which strategy to survive in jail means that the inmates view the prison experience as a “temporary break in their careers”?
a: doing time
b: jailing
c: gleaning
d: punking
14)Which strategy to survive in jail means that the inmates do not think of the world outside as home?
a: doing time
b: jailing
c: gleaning
d: punking
15)Which strategy to survive in jail means that the inmates get as much out of prison as possible?
a: doing time
b: Jailing
c: gleaning
d: punking
16)Which of the following describes a major function of the inmate subculture’s normative system to prevent the internalization of social rejection and its conversion into self-rejection?
a: gleaning
b: punking
c: deprivation hypothesis
d: pains of imprisonment
17)Which of the following describes the inmate’s emotional reaction to the loss of: liberty; goods and services; heterosexual relationships; autonomy; freedom of movement and security?
a: gleaning
b: punking
c: deprivation hypothesis
d: pains of imprisonment
18)Which of the following are considered part of the pains of imprisonment for inmates?
a: loss of liberty
b: loss of goods and services
c: loss of heterosexual relationships
d: all of the above
19)Which of the following describes the threat of physical harm in jails?
a: physical victimization
b: psychological victimization
c: pains of imprisonment
d: deprivation hypothesis
20)Which of the following describes an underground marketplace that exists outside the legitimate inmate economy?
a: canteen
b: commissary
c: sub rosa inmate economy
d: legitimate inmate economy
21)Which of the following describes a collective attempt by inmates to take over part or all of the prison?
a: prison riot
b: sub rosainmate economy
c: lockdown
d: close-custody
22)Which of the following describes riots between a unified inmate subculture and prison authorities?
a: frustration riots
b: race riots
c: rage riots
d: political riots
23)Which of the following describes a riot in which racial conflict was a crucial factor?
a: frustration riots
b: race riots
c: rage riots
d: political riots
24)What type of riot is often spontaneous and considered an expression of real or perceived inmate frustration with mistreatment?
a: frustration riots
b: race riots
c: rage riots
d: political riots
25)Which of the following describes a clique or informal group organized principally or even exclusively on racial or ethnic lines?
a: prison gang
b: prison riot
c: inmate subculture
d: all of the above
26)Which of the following are inmates tacitly acknowledged by prison administers to have informal social control of a given inmate area?
a: punks
b: wolves
c: building tenders
d: fish
27)Which type of approach helps break up existing ties based on race, ethnicity or gangs?
a: team management
b: unit management
c: group management
d: all of the above
28)Which of the following describes minimum-security prisons where inmates are assigned who have no gang affiliations, memberships, or associations?
a: gang-free facility
b: supermax prisons
c: solitary confinement
d: all of the above
29)What is the second leading cause of death in jails?
a: illness
b: murder
c: accident
d: suicide
30)Which of the following describes classification of inmates to a higher security level or a form of administrative segregation?
a: team management
b: unit management
c: intake
d: close-custody unit
True/False Statements
Decide whether each of these statements is true or false
1) One factor that has driven the increase in prison populations in the past decade is the movement toward “truth-in-sentencing.”
2) A positive relationship outside the prison walls is one of the characteristics of prisonization that Donald Clemmer noted.
3) Outlaws are inmates with money and influence, the latter with both guards and other inmates.
4) Inmates engage in adaptive behaviors in order to survive. The first is doing time, which means that the inmates view the prison experience as a “temporary break in their careers,” one which they take in stride.
5) The research shows that the more rigid the prison structure, the weaker the inmates’ social system and the less conventional their attitudes.
6) Joycelyn Pollock (2004) noted that the black market, where anything from drugs to sex can be purchased or bartered, is one of the natures of prison life.
7) Social segregation is one of the three primary types of inmate-initiated violence.
8) The Prison Rape Elimination Act mandated that the Bureau of Justice Statistics develop a new national data collection system on the incidence and prevalence of sexual violence in correctional facilities.
9) Jailhouse suicide was the leading cause of jail deaths between 2000 and 2009.
10) John Kerbs and Jennifer M. Jolley (2007) interviewed 65 elderly inmates and found that the elderly represent less of a target within prisons as they have more social status.
11) Since the 1980s prisons have become smoke-free, reflecting changing values and concerns in the public.
12) Some prison researchers suggest that crowding may be one cause of psychological victimization.
13) Economic exploitation is another form of inmate on inmate violence.
14) Historically, prison riots were uncommon.
15) Prison gangs are known as a part of the traditional inmate subculture.
16) Frustration riots usually take place between a unified inmate subculture and prison authorities.
17) The first recorded prison gang was the Mexican Mafia recorded in Walla Walla Washington.
18) Prison gangs have replaced the solidary inmate social system and this has created problems for prison authorities.
19) The California prison system uses the close-custody unit to break up gangs by sending members to different facilities.
20) A gang-free facility is a maximum-security prison, and the inmates assigned to it must have no gang affiliations, memberships, or associations, as determined by classification staff.
Fill in the Blanks
1) One factor that has driven prison populations in the past decade is the movement toward ______in ______.
2) ______played a primary role in the overall growth of the prison population during the period from 2000 to 2010.
3) Congress enacted the ______of 1984, the so-called truth-in-sentencing law, which mandated specific sentencing guidelines for federal judges.
4) Donald Clemmer’s classic study, ______was first published in 1940. The community he describes is a powerful inmate subculture, complete with rules and regulations, values, and prejudices.
5) A ______is a social group that exhibits unique characteristics, including norms, rules, and regulations, that distinguish it from the larger society.
6) ______are those rare inmates who follow all of the precepts of the code, are the most prisonized of all prison or jail residents.
7) Inmates new to prison life are called ______, a term that indicates their low and easily exploited status in the subculture.
8) Sykes coined the term ______of ______to describe the inmate’s emotional reaction to the loss of: liberty; goods and services; heterosexual relationships; autonomy; freedom of movement; and security.
9) ______is the threat of physical harm.
10) The ______is an underground marketplace that exists outside the legitimate inmate economy.
11) A ______is a collective attempt by inmates to take over part or all of the prison.
12) The ______developed by Irwin and Donald Cressey contended that the inmate culture has beliefs, attitudes, and lifestyles with obvious parallels in the outside world, particularly the world of the inner cities, where crime is commonplace.
13) A political racial conflict was a crucial factor in many, if not most, of what were essentially prison-based ______-______.
14) Prison activist George Jackson founded this unusual prison gang in the late 1960s named the ______- ______.
15) ______were inmates tacitly acknowledged by prison administrators to have informal social control of a given inmate area.
16) The ______approach helps break up existing ties based on race, ethnicity, or gangs.
17) A ______facility is a minimum-security prison, and the inmates assigned to it must have no gang affiliations, memberships, or associations, as determined by classification staff.
18) In jails, ______is the second leading cause of death, after illnesses.
19) In responding to prison gangs at times a ______-______unit is used and is a form of administrative segregation.
20) Texas residents of Hispanic descent formed the ______at California’s Folsom State Prison.
Matching
Match the words in the list to the following statements:
A) punks; B) Square Johns; C) Aryan brotherhood; D) frustration riots; E) deprivation hypothesis; F) La Nuestra families; G) wolves; H) legitimate inmate economy; I) inmate; J) outlaws
______1) This prison gang comes from biker gangs and other neo-Nazi groups outside prison.
______2) Conflict between a unified inmate subculture and prison authorities.
______3) Inmates have cash deposited in their accounts by friends or relatives or earn credits through their labor.
______4) This prison gang, composed mainly of rural Northern California Hispanics, has a board of directors.
______5) A major function of the inmate subculture’s normative system is to prevent the internalization of social rejection and its conversion into self-rejection.
______6) The name given to the more passive participants in prison.
______7) Inmates who follow the prison’s official rules, take part in institutional programming, and generally ignore all but the snitching provision of the inmate code.
______8) This is the attitudinal and behavioral norms of the prison subculture.
______9) The aggressors who rarely view themselves as homosexuals.
______10) Inmates who rely on force and physical violence to obtain what they want from other inmates.