IPC TAKS Review

Speed, Momentum, Acceleration, Work, Power, and Potential Energy

1. A mechanic used a hydraulic lift to raise a 12,054 N car 1.89 m above the floor of a garage. It took 4.75 s to raise the car. What was the power output of the lift?

A 489WB 1815WC 4796D 30,294W

2. The weight lifter used a force of 980 N to raise the barbell over her head in 5.21 seconds. Approximately how much work did she do in raising the barbell?

F 380 JG 982 JH 2,000 JJ 10,000 J

3. According to this graph, what was the bicycle’s acceleration between 6 and 10 seconds?

A 0.0m/s2B 0.65m/s2C 1.6m/s2D 6.5m/s2

4. An ant crawled from Point A to Point B in 4.0 seconds. To the nearest tenth, what was the ant’s speed in centimeters per second?

5. A car traveled 150 km in 2.5 hours. What was its average speed in km per hour? Record and bubble in your answer on the answer document.

6. A ball moving at 30 m/s has a momentum of 15 kg·m/s. The mass of the ball is —

A 45 kgB 15 kgC 2.0 kgD 0.5 kg

7. How much work is performed when a 50 kg crate is pushed 15 m with a force of 20 N?

A 300JB 750JC 1,000JD 15,000J

8. What is the potential energy of the rock?

A 59,900 joulesB 64,600 joulesC 93, 100 joulesD 121,600 joules

Density

1. What is the density (g/mL) of 48 g of a metal if the metal raises the level of water in a graduated cylinder from 25 mL to 33 mL? (A) 0.2 g/ mL (B) 6.0 g/mL (C) 8.0 g/mL (D) 252 g/mL

2. Which diagram represents the liquid layers in the cylinder?

(K) Karo syrup (1.4 g/mL),(V) vegetable oil (0.91 g/mL), (W) water (1.0 g/mL)

3. If blood has a density of 1.05 g/mL at 96.7° F, how many milliliters of blood are donated if 575 g of blood are given?

(A) 548 mL(B) 96.7 mL(C) 1.25 mL(D) 1.83 mL

4. During a laboratory investigation a student had to plan and implant an investigative procedure to determine the density of an unknown liquid. The student would need what equipment to do this investigation:

(A) test tubes, test tube rack, balance, beakers

(B) graduated cylinder, balance, beakers, funnel

(D) litmus paper, pH sensor, balance, Bunsen burner

5. A sample of an element has a volume of 78.0 mL and a density of 1.85 g/mL. What is the mass in grams of the sample?

6. A block of maple wood with a volume of 405 cubic centimeters and a density of 0.67 g/cm3 is sawed in half. The density of the two smaller blocks in now

(A) one-fourth the original density(B) one-half the original density

(C)two times the original density(D) the same as the original density

7. The picture shows the results of pouring a blue liquid into a clear liquid and allowing the mixture to settle for 25 minutes. Compared to the clear liquid, the blue liquid is more —

A massiveB denseC viscousD soluble

8. Compared to 250 g of gaseous nitrogen, 250 g of liquid nitrogen has greater

(A) Volume(B)Temperature(C) Mass(D)Density

Changes in Matter - Physical VS Chemical Changes

1. Identify the following as physical or chemical changes:

Liquid water evaporates
Iron rusting
Salt dissolves in water
Milk turning sour
Baking a cake
Burning wood
Fireworks
A gas condenses to become a liquid
Ripping a sheet of paper
Slicing a cake

2. In the rock cycle, which of hese is a chemical change involved with the formation of igneous rocks?

F Compression of sedimentsG Heat loss from lava

H Subduction of platesJ Formation of minerals

3. Which of these changes in rocks is a physical change?

A Acid rain damaging marbleB Iron in rock combining with oxygen to form hematite

C Carbonic acid weathering limestoneD An ice wedge shattering a slab of shale

4. Which of the following processes is an example of a physical change associated with an oak tree?

A Decomposition of bark by bracket fungiB Starches and sugars being broken downduring energy production

C Water and carbon dioxide being converted to glucoseD Evaporation of water from the surfaces of leaves

Investigate and Identify the Law of Conservation of Mass

1. What are the coefficients that will balance this chemical equation?

A 2, 1, 1 B 3, 4, 2C 2, 2, 1D 4, 3, 2

2. The chemical equation shows CaCO3 being heated. Which of these statements best describes the mass of the products if 100 g of CaCO3 is heated?

A The difference in the products’ masses is equal to the mass of the CaCO3.

B The sum of the products’ masses is less than the mass of the CaCO3.

C The mass of each product is equal to the mass of the CaCO3.

D The sum of the products’ masses equals the mass of the CaCO3.

3. Which chemical equation supports the law of conservation of mass?

F 2H2O(l) → H2(g) + O2(g)G Zn(s) + HCl(aq) → ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)

H Al4C3(s) + H2O(l) → CH4(g) + Al(OH)3(s)J CH4(g) + 2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)

4. When 127 g of copper reacts with 32 g ofoxygen gas to form copper (II) oxide, no copper or oxygen is left over. How much copper (II) oxide is produced?

F 32 g G 95 gH 127 gJ 159 g

5. When the equation is balanced, thecoefficient for magnesium chloride is —

A 0 B 1C 2D 4

6. According to the law of conservation of mass, how much zinc was present in the zinc carbonate?

A 40 gB 88 gC 104 gD 256 g

7. According to the information given to the right, what is the chemical formula for aluminum sulfate?

A AlSO4 B Al2(SO4)3 C Al3(SO4)2D Al6SO4

8. The chemical formula for calcium chloride is —

F Ca2ClG CaClH CaCl2J Ca2Cl3

9. In the procedure shown above, a calcium chloride solution is mixed with a sodium sulfate solution to create the products shown. Which of the following is illustrated by this activity?
(A) The law of conservation of mass(B) The theory of thermal equilibrium
(C) The law of conservation of momentum(D) The theory of covalent bonding

____Ca(C2H3O2)2 + ____K3PO4 → ____Ca3(PO4)2 + ____KC2H3O2

10. Which set of coefficients balances the equation above?

(F) 3, 3, 1, 2(G) 6, 1, 1, 3(H) 3, 2, 1, 6(J) 6, 2, 1, 6

Relate the chemical behavior of an element including bonding, to its placement on the periodic table

Label the Periods and Groups or Families on the blank periodic table.

Elements in the same group have similar chemical ______!

Atomic number = # ______and it identifies the element!!!!!

Valence Electrons – electrons involved in ______; all atoms “want” to have 8 or 0 valence electrons to make them “happy and stable .” On the blank periodic table, label the # of valance electrons each group has.

Metals (color the metals red) usually have 1, 2, or 3 valence electrons.

Nonmetals (color the nonmetals yellow) usually have 5, 6, 7, or 8 valence electrons.

Metals will ______electrons and become positive ions!
Nonmetals will ______electrons and become negative ions!

Remember to think about the easiest way to reach 0 or 8!

What about Group 18 (the Noble Gases)?
They already have 8 valence electrons so they are already “______” and stable. They are the “perfect” elements and are considered unreactive!

1. An unidentified element has many of the samephysical and chemical properties asmagnesium and strontium but has a lower

atomic mass than either of these elements. What is the most likely identity of thiselement?

F SodiumG BerylliumH CalciumJ Rubidium

2. The elements of which of these groups on the periodic table are most resistant to forming compounds?

A Group 1B Group 9C Group 14D Group 18

3. The elements from which of the followinggroups are most likely to react withpotassium (K)?

F Group 2G Group 7H Group 13J Group 17

4. Which of the following groups containsmembers with similar chemical reactivity?

A Li, Be, CB Be, Mg, SrC Sc, Y, ZrD C, N, O

5. According to the periodic table, which element most readily accepts electrons?

A FluorineB NitrogenC ArsenicD Aluminum

6. Elements in Group 16 of the periodic table usually —

F form large molecules G gain electrons when bonding H act like metals J solidify at room temperature

Demonstrate how various factors influence solubility including temperature, pressure, and nature of the solute and solvent

Solute-

Solvent-

How can you increase the dissolving rate of a solid solute in a liquid solvent?

Solubility - is the______amount of a solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a given temperature.

•Increasing ______- will increase the solubility of a solid solute in a liquid solvent

Example: dissolving sugar in hot tea VS cold tea

•Increasing ______– will increase the solubility of a gas solute in a liquid solvent

Example: carbonated beverages are bottled “under pressure” to increase the amount of carbon dioxide gas in a coke

1. Which of the following salts has the greatest solubility in water at 25°C?

(F) CaCO3 (G) FeS (H) HgCl2 (J) KClO4

2. A 0.2 g crystal of gypsum dissolves very slowly in 100 mL of water while the water is stirred.

Which of these would cause the gypsum todissolve faster?

F Decreasing the water temperatureG Stopping the stirring

H Lowering the air pressureJ Crushing the crystal

3. All of these can affect the rate at which a solid dissolves in water except —

A decreasing air pressureB stirring the water

C increasing the temperature of the waterD using larger crystals of the solid

4. Over time an open soft drink will losecarbonation (dissolved CO2). Which of theseallows the CO2 to remain in solution the

longest?A Reduced air pressureB Exposure to direct sunlight

C Increased air currentsD Cooler temperatures

5. As a scuba diver goes deeper underwater, the diver must be aware that the increased pressure affects the human body by increasing the – (A) body’s temperature (B) amount of dissolved gases in the body

Relate the structure of water to its function as the universal solvent and relate the concentration of ions in a solution to physical and chemical properties such as pH, electrolytic behavior, and reactivity.

Water is called the "______" because it dissolves more substances than any other liquid.

Phase changes are ______changes – NOT chemical changes!

1. The diagram shows physical changes that occur in the water cycle. Which of these shows condensation?

a)Q b)Rc)Sd)T

Water is a ______molecule. One side is positive and the other is negative.

2. Which factor makes water an effective solvent?

a)The presence of molecular oxygenb) Its lack of covalent bonds

b)The polar nature of its moleculesd) Its abundance on Earth’s surface

3. Fish survive through severe winters because of the property of water that allows water to —

a)form chemical bonds as it freezes, raising the water temperature below the ice

b)increase in density while it freezes, dissolving more oxygen from the air

c)expand when it freezes, creating a floating and insulating layer of ice

d)precipitate vital nutrients when it freezes, increasing the food supply

4. If the properties of water were to change so that the solid form was denser than the liquid form, organisms living in a cold pond environment would be less likely to survive because water would no longer —

a)dissolve enough oxygen from the airb) produce solutions containing vital nutrients

c)remain neutral, instead becoming highly acidicd) produce a floating insulating layer of ice

The pH shows whether a substance is acid (pH ______), neutral (pH 7) or basic (pH ______).

5. Citric fruits, such as oranges and grapefruit, contain citric acid, yet they are safe to eat. What is the approximate pH of citric fruit?

A 1B 5C 7D 10

6. Two clear solutions are placed in separate beakers. The first solution has a pH of 4, and the pH of the second solution is unknown. If the two solutions are mixed and the resulting pH is 5, the second solution must have —

A fewer suspended solids B a lower temperature

C more dissolved salt (NaCl) particles D a higher concentration of OH– ions

7. What characteristic of water remains the same no matter what is dissolved in it?

A The ratio of hydrogen to oxygenB The ability to refract light

C The hydroxide ion concentrationD The freezing temperature

8. Bathwater normally has electrolytic behaviors even though distilled water does not. This is because bathwater

(A) contains isotopes of hydrogen(B) has been heated

9. Which characteristic of water best explains its ability to dissolve a great variety of materials?

(A)Its transparency in light(B) Its electrical conductivity

Demonstrate wave interactions including interference, polarization, reflection, refraction, and resonance within various materials

Label the crest, trough, and a wavelength.

Frequency - # of wavelengths that pass a

fixed ______each second

Amplitude - distance from the midpoint

to the ______or trough (height)

Reflection: waves ______off a surface(mirror, water, snow, shiny metals, etc.)

Refraction: waves bend as they travel through a different medium (air, water etc.); a pencil in a glass of water – it lookssplit

Diffraction is the movement of waves ______an object or through a small opening

Interference is when 2 waves ______and a combined wave is formed

Resonance – ability of an object to ______by absorbing energy at its natural frequency.

Polarization: light is made to travel in one direction

Match wave behaviors to the correct situation:

Light waves are filtered; only move horizontally
Waves bend around a barrier
Two or more waves meet and the amplitude increases
A flower stem appears to be “broken” when observed in a clear vase with water
Waves bouncing off of a surface such as water, snow, or a shiny metal

A RESONANCE

B INTERFERENCE

C REFRACTION

D REFLECTION

E POLARIZATION

F DIFFRACTION

1. The diagram above shows waves approaching a barrier. Which pattern will be formed after the waves pass

through the opening in the barrier?(A)(B)(C)(D)

2. A guitar player is seated next to a piano. The piano player strikes an E key on the piano. The guitarist reports that this causes the E string on his guitar to vibrate. What is the name of this phenomenon?

(A)Resonance(B) Polarization(C) Reflection(D) Diffraction

3. Which of these tools is most useful inidentifying the wavelengths of visible light?

(F) Convex lens(G) Spectroscope(H) Microscope(J) Concave mirror

4. Which label on the model represents awavelength?(F) Q (G) R(H) S(J) T

5. The pitch of a sound made by plucking a guitar string is determined by the

(A)Frequency of the vibration produced(B) Strength of the plucking force

Investigate and demonstrate the movement of heat through solids, liquids, and gases by convection, conduction, and radiation

RADIATION - Transfer of energy in the form of ______waves.

CONDUCTION - Transfer of energy through matter by ______particles – solid to solid contact.

CONVECTION - Transfer of energy by the motion of heated particles in a ______- a gas or liquid.

1. In which container is the substance unable to transfer heat by convection?FGHJ

2. The primary way liquids and gases transmit heat is by the process of

F reflectionG conductionH radiationJ convection

3. Heat convection occurs in gases and liquids. Heat convection does not occur in solids because are unable to

A absorb heat by vibratingB transfer heat by fluid motion

C emit radiation by reflecting lightD exchange heat by direct contact

4. In winter the air just above the top bunk of a bunk bed is warmer than the air just above the bottom bunk because warm air rises. Which of the following describes the method of heating that causes this difference in temperature?

(F) Radiation from the room(G) Heat transfer through the walls

(H) Convection currents in the room(J) Heat conduction through the bed