Introduction to Sonography and Patient Care

Lesson Plan, Chapter 3,Historical and Current Applications of Ultrasound in Medicine

Author’s Notes to the Instructor:

You may choose to divide Chapter 3 into two parts—History of Ultrasound in Medicine and Specialties in Sonography.Instead of having one devoted section to history, this chapterhas been written with history sprinkled throughout.Chapter 3 can further be divided into specialties.For example, once the basic historical perspective is gained, the specialties—such as abdominal or echocardiography—can then be covered.Thus, you will need to adapt your lesson plan accordingly.For this chapter, the second part of the root words from Appendix 1 can also be reviewed.

Goals of the Lesson:

Cognitive:Students will be allowed to gain an appreciation of the historical perspective of their chosen specialty in sonography, as well as understand the current and future trends of their profession.

Motor: NA

Affective: Students will understand the devotion and hard work that went into the establishment of their selected occupation and what clinical indications, scanning techniques, and anatomy that may be required in each specialty.

Learning Objectives:

The lesson plan for each Learning Objective starts on the page shown below.

3-1Study of sound...... 78

3-2Ultrasound in medicine...... 79

3-3Imaging modes and Doppler...... 82

3-4Tissue harmonics...... 88

3-53D and 4D technology...... 89

3-6Specialties in sonography...... 91

3-7Additional technologies and future applications...... 121

3-8Understand medical terminology Root Words Part 2...... Appendix 1

AdditionalResources:

Suggested Projects Based on Chapter 3

Project #1:Visit the AIUM History Timeline at a pioneer mentioned in the discussion, research, and write a brief summary of the pioneer’s life.

Project#2:Create a display demonstrating the Doppler effect.

Project #3: Create a display demonstrating the piezoelectric effect.

Project #4: Create a display demonstrating how a hydrophone and reflectoscope work.

Project #5: Research how lead zirconate titanate is created.

Project#6:Research the earlier methods of ultrasound imaging, such as the water bath scanner, and create a display.

Project#7:Create a display of the varying imaging modes and Doppler.

Project#8:Create a display of how 3D and 4D sonographic images are created.

Project#9:Demonstrate the use of a stand-off device by creating a display with images.

Project#10: Research and write a paper on contrast-enhanced ultrasound.

Project#11: Research and write a paper on ultrasound elastography.

Project#12: Research the uses of intravascular ultrasound and write a paper on the topic.

Classroom Discussion Topics or Online Discussion Board Topics

  1. Research the most current trends in sonography oruses of ultrasound by performing an Internet search for the latest news. Discuss your findings with the class.
  2. Present some of the weaknesses and strengths of sonography in your chosen specialty.
  3. From reading the chapter, did you find anything new that you did not know about your chosen specialty?Share what interested you the most.
  4. Discuss the uses of therapeutic ultrasound.
  5. Discuss the various uses of high-intensity focused ultrasound and its advantages over invasive surgical techniques.
  6. Discuss the use of ultrasound-guided brachytherapy.
  7. Argue the advantages or disadvantages of elastography over invasive surgical techniques for breast masses.
  8. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of automated ultrasound.
  9. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of miniaturization of medical equipment in sonography.

Laboratory/Clinical Exercises

  1. In a computer lab or in the classroom, watch the Bat Sense video at Sound Echoes and Dolphins at the video.
  2. In a computer lab or in the classroom, watch this video The Doppler Effect at Discuss the video.
  3. In the scan lab, demonstrate the use of the varying imaging modes.
  4. In the scan lab, demonstrate the use of Doppler technology.
  5. In the scan lab, demonstrate the use of harmonics imaging.
  6. In the scan lab, demonstrate the use of 3D and 4D technology (if applicable).
  7. In the clinical setting, ask the students to investigate the use of 3D, harmonics, and the newer technologies discussed in this chapter.
  8. In the clinical setting, ask the students to discuss the indications for the various exams with the sonographers to see if any specific clinical history questions or imaging techniques would help in the sonographic diagnosis of each indication.