Introduction to Philosophy 101

Phil 307 – Social Ethics 11/16/2018

Quiz 02

Philosophy 307Instructor: Fred J. Viskovich

Holy Family UniversityFirst Semester Session 2006

Room ETC - 212

Student Name: ______

Mid Term

18 – October - 2006

Email:

1. The discussion on abortion is structured around three general sets of positions. Which of these is NOT one of these positions?

1. _____Conservative
2. _____Liberal
3. _____Moderate
4. _____Consensus

1. Which of these is NOT an abortion procedure?
2. _____Dilation and curettage (D&C)
3. _____Manual vacuum aspiration (MVA)
4. _____Dilation and evacuation (D&E)
5. _____NCC-117

UNSPEAKABLE CRIME OF ABORTION – Pope John Paul II

1. The Second Vatican Council defines abortion as:
2. _____Unspeakable Crime
3. _____Mortal sin
4. _____Justified only in the case of rape or incest
5. _____Morally unjustified interruption of otherwise healthy pregnancy

1. Pope John Paul II believes that:
2. _____We need to call things by their proper name
3. _____Language has to carefully match religious terminology
4. _____We must recognize legal precedent and separate church and state positions
5. _____Abortion and murder are two morally distinct concepts

1. Pope John Paul II takes the position that:
2. _____The fetus is an “aggressor” in the case of rape or incest
3. _____The fetus is an innocent person
4. _____Embryos are soulless until baptism by a Catholic priest
5. _____Abortion is justified if the health or standard of living of the woman is impacted

1. Pope John Paul II believes that moral responsibility for abortion:
2. _____Starts and ends with the conscience of the woman
3. _____Is purely a matter of the physician involved since he/she actually does the abortion
4. _____Involves those who urge abortion including legislators
5. _____Cannot be really determined

1. Pope John Paul II states that we are facing:
2. _____Medical advancements that will clarify the concept of life
3. _____A population explosion in poor countries that will change the morality of abortion
4. _____A structure of sin
5. _____Little impact to civilization but a major spiritual crisis

1. Which is NOT human life as the Pope would define it?
2. _____Ovum
3. _____Zygote
4. _____Embryo
5. _____Fetal implant

1. Pope John Paul II denies the role of science in determinig when human life begins.
2. _____Yes: he denies any role for science
3. _____No: he believes genetic science offers clear confirmation

1. Pope John Paul II believes empirical science:
2. _____Tells us when there is the presence of a human soul
3. _____Tells us virtually nothing about human life
4. _____Has clearly established that there is no soul
5. _____Cannot ascertain the presence of a human soul

ROE v WADE

1. Roe v Wade involves:
2. _____A fictitious litigant challenging the constitutionality of Texas abortion law
3. _____A real litigant challenging the constitutionality of Federal abortion law
4. _____A real litigant challenging the constitutionality of Texas abortion law
5. _____A fictitious litigant challenging a Louisiana statute that prohibited crossing state lines to get an abortion

1. Roe v Wade was decided in:
2. _____1964
3. _____1973
4. _____1982
5. _____1991

1. Harry A Blackmun
2. _____Was actually a New York lawyer, residing in Louisiana who argued the case for Jane Roe
3. _____Decided the case independent of the other Supreme Court justices
4. _____Was on the Supreme Court when the case stared but died before the opinion was written
5. _____Was the Supreme Court Justice who wrote the majority opinion

1. The Supreme Court decided Roe v Wade:
2. _____8 – 6
3. _____7 – 2
4. _____12 – 0
5. _____11 -1

1. The Supreme Court opinion notes
2. _____Access to abortion was generally easier in the 19th century
3. _____Abortion has always been banned in the United States since the time of the U.S. Constitution
4. _____States have never had the right to restrict abortion
5. _____Abortion was always a crime punishable by life imprisonment or death

1. A State’s concern in regulating abortion:
2. _____Is invalid; it is a purely federal matter
3. _____Was partially due to medical risk
4. _____Stems from the legal principle of stare decisis
5. _____Is based on separation of church and state

1. The Supreme Court ruling notes:
2. _____There is a clearly defined, constitutional right to privacy in the Fifth Amendment
3. _____There is a clearly defined constitutional right to privacy in the Fourth Amendment
4. _____There is a clearly defined constitutional right to privacy in the First Amendment
5. _____There is no clearly defined constitutional right to privacy in the U.S. Constitution

1. The right to privacy:
2. _____Does not extend to a woman’s right to terminate pregnancy
3. _____Doesn’t exist in the U.S. Constitution
4. _____Extends to a woman’s right to terminate pregnancy
5. _____Was previously ruled invalid under Brown v Board of Education in 1954

1. The Supreme Court ruled in Roe v Wade that a woman is entitled to terminate pregnancy at whatever time, whatever way, and for whatever reason she alone chooses
2. _____YES
3. _____NO

1. Does Roe v Wade guarantee abortion-on-demand and preclude States from regulating abortion?
2. _____YES
3. _____NO
4. _____Only where states had no existing laws before 1954
5. _____Abortion-on-demand is guaranteed but States can regulate notification times and waiting periods

1. The Roe v Wade decision:
2. _____Established the trimester system
3. _____Abolished the trimester system that had been in place since 1954
4. _____Never actually mentions “trimester”
5. _____Established the “undue burden” test which has been misinterpreted as the old trimester system

1. The Roe v Wade decision invoked the concept of
2. _____Viability
3. _____Pleasance
4. _____Informed consent
5. _____Undue burden

1. The Roe v Wade decision:
2. _____Decided when human life begins
3. _____Avoiding adopting one theory of life
4. _____Doesn’t ever discuss the nature of human life
5. _____Decided legal issues preempted any consideration of human life

1. Pope John Paul II’s writings are mentioned in the Roe v Wade decision
2. _____YES
3. _____NO

1. Roe v Wade was actually overturned in 1992 by Planned Parenthood v Robert Casey
2. _____YES
3. _____NO
4. _____Only regarding late-term abortions

ON THE MORAL AND LEGAL STATUS OF ABORTION – Mary Anne Warren INTRODUCTION

1. Warren is taking which position on abortion?
2. _____Liberal
3. _____Moderate
4. _____Consensus
5. _____Conservative

1. Warren is willing to say, theoretically at least that:
2. _____All people are incapable of moral action
3. _____The fetus is a full moral person
4. _____Alien beings from another planet are “persons”
5. _____Alien beings could not be moral persons because they are not genetic humans

1. As Warren defines it, which of these traits is NOT central to the concept of personhood:
2. _____Consciousness
3. _____Reasoning
4. _____The capacity to communicate
5. _____The capacity to experience pain or pleasure

1. Does Warren accord the fetus “personhood?”
2. _____Yes
3. _____No

1. Does Warren accord “personhood” to the brain dead?
2. _____Yes
3. _____No
4. _____Only if they are genetically human

1. Would Warren accord “personhood” to a robot if it possessed her five criteria of humanity in the moral sense?
2. _____Yes
3. _____No

1. Would Warren subscribe to the trimester system put in place by Roe v. Wade or does she argue for absolute abortion on demand?
2. _____Yes
3. _____No
4. _____Only if the fetus is viable

1. Does Warren think it would be immoral to have a late term abortion just to avoid postponing a trip to Europe?
2. _____Yes
3. _____No
4. _____No, but only if the tickets were non-refundable

1. Does Warren believe a fully developed, viable fetus has a right to life?
2. _____Yes
3. _____No
4. _____It depends on the mother

1. Does Warren support infanticide?
2. _____Yes
3. _____No

WHY ABORTION I S IMMORAL – Don Marquis

1. Don Marquis believes killing a human being and ultimately a fetus is wrong because:
2. _____Religious tradition
3. _____Violation of criminal law
4. _____Deprives the victim of all the value—“activities, projects, experiences and enjoyments”—of his/her future
5. _____It brutalizes the killer and the community around the victim

1. Does Marquis’s argument rest on religious claims or papal dogma?
2. _____Yes
3. _____No

1. Which tenet does Marquis NOT accept:
2. _____It is wrong to kill adult human beings
3. _____It is wrong to kill arbitrarily chosen single human cells
4. _____It is NOT wrong to kill arbitrarily chosen single human cells
5. _____Fetuses seem to be like arbitrarily chosen single human cells in some respects and adult humans in other respects

1. The position of Marquis is:
2. _____Conservative
3. _____Moderate
4. _____Liberal

A DEFENSE OF ABORTIONS –Judith Jones Thomson

1. Thomson’s position is:
2. _____Liberal
3. _____Moderate
4. _____Conservative
5. _____An effort to moderate the conservative view

1. Thomson uses the analogy of “acorn to oak tree” to illustrate:
2. _____The difficulty of “drawing the line” between a fetal mass of cells and a person.
3. _____The biology of human beings versus plants
4. _____The need to consider abortion always permissible
5. _____The need to consider abortion always impermissible.

1. The violinist corresponds to:
2. _____The pregnant woman
3. _____The fetus
4. _____The physician performing the abortion
5. _____The Supreme Court or the states regulating abortion

1. Thomson believes that having a right to life guarantees having a right to be given the use of or a right to be allowed continued use of another’s body—even if one needs it for life itself:
2. _____Yes
3. _____No

THE MORALITY OF ABORTION—Margaret Olivia Little

1. Does Little believe that “burgeoning human life” is worthy of respect?
2. _____YES
3. _____NO
4. _____Only if contraception has failed

1. Does Little believe that abortion morally hinges upon the supposition that a fetus is a person?
2. _____YES
3. _____NO
4. _____Sometimes

1. Little takes this position (CHECK ALL THAT APPLY)
2. _____The moral status of abortion is about assessing the salience of relationships
3. _____The moral status of abortion is about assessing the contours of generic respect owed to burgeoning human life
4. _____The moral status of abortion is about defining good parents.
5. _____The moral status of abortion is about defining reliable partners

1. Little believes that the concept of motherhood is central to framing a moral position on abortion
2. _____Yes
3. _____No
4. _____Motherhood is irrelevant

1. Does Little acknowledge the impact of poverty in the moral calculus of abortion?
2. _____Yes
3. _____ No

1. Does Little see a balance between the ethics of destruction and the ethics of creation?
2. _____YES
3. _____NO

1. Does Little believe the abortion debate
2. _____Rests on universally authoritative standards
3. _____Must include consideration of creation, responsibility and kinship
4. _____Only involves defining when life begins
5. _____Rests on fundamental and inarguable religious doctrine

INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY 101

INSTRUCTOR: Cynara Himes Viskovich, MA

TEXT: Donald Palmer, “DOES THE CENTER HOLD? An Introduction to Western Philosophy, 3rd edition McGraw-Hill, 2002

GRADING POLICIES and ACADEMIC INTEGRITY POLICY:

The University policy will be used.

PURPOSE and MISSION of INTRODUCTION to PHILOSOPHY:

This course is designed to familiarize the student with the history of philosophical thought. It has as a main objective to develop in the student the ability to critically and logically think. This course introduces the student to the resources to systematically reflect upon their basic concepts and beliefs, to compare them with alternatives and to critically asses their own beliefs and values in life.

GENERAL COURSE OUTLNE:

August 30 Introduction, overview Origins of Philosophy/branches/methods

Readings: Plato, Hampshire

September 6 Chapter 2 Theory of Knowledge Rationalism

Readings: Aristotle, Descartes, Ockham

September 13 Chapter 3 Theory of Knowledge Empiricism

Readings: Locke, Berkeley, Hume, Kant

September 20 TEST Begin Chapter 4 Ontology

Readings: Pre-Socratics, Scholastics, Spinoza

September 27 Chapter 5 Philosophy of Religion

Readings: Nietzsche, Sartre & Existentialists, Stein

October 4 Chapter 6

Freedom and Determinism

Readings: Skinner, Freud, Sartre, Beauvoir

October 11 TEST Chapters 7 & 8 Ethics & Challenges to Ethics

Readings: Aquinas, Hume, Kant, Sartre, Anscombe

October 18 Finish Chapter 8 and begin Chapter 9 Social & Political Philosophy

Readings: Aquinas, Kant, Hegel, Rousseau, Marx

Readings TBD on Just and Unjust War

October 25 Finish Chapter 9

Readings: TBD

November 8 Chapter 10 Art/Aesthetics

Readings: Plato, Plotinus, Kant, Nietzsche, and more

November 15 TEST/Journals handed into class

Readings: Epistemology readings to review the theories of knowledge that we explored in Chapter 2 and how the knowledge has been applied or seen being applied in our everyday experiences.

November 22 Class discussion of Journal entries that apply to Ethics/Challenges to Ethics

Readings: TBD

November 29 Class discussion of Journal entries that relate to the everyday experiences of our recent social and political lives

Readings: Sartre, Camus, and others TBD

December 6 Begin review of materials/concepts that have been difficult to understand.

Readings: Whitehead, C.S.Lewis, William James

December 13 FINAL Final will be comprehensive, a review of prior tests and assignments will serve as a guide.

GRADING:

25% tests

25% attendance/class participation

25% Journal

25% Final

RESOURCES:

I will post hours that I will be available as an aide/guide for your intellectual journey.

I can be reached at 215-962-2218

I will provide an e-mail address.

Philosophy 307Instructor: Fred J. Viskovich

Holy Family UniversityFirst Semester Session 2006

Room ETC - 212

Reading Quiz 01

1 – Sept -2006

Email:

REMINDER:

Required Textbook

Thomas A. Mappes and Jane S. Zembaty, Social Ethics: Morality and Social Policy. 7th edition, New York; McGraw Hill Book Company, 2007.

Requirements

Class participation25%

Quizzes25%

Mid-term25%

Final examination25%

Requirements for Written and Oral Presentations

Select two articles; one pro and con. Powerpoint presentation. Five slides.

Philosophy 307Instructor: Fred J. Viskovich

Holy Family UniversityFirst Semester Session 2006

Room ETC - 212

Student Name: ______

Answer at least 25 questions. No penalty for extra incorrect answers.

Reading Quiz 03

15 – Sept -2006

Email:

EUTHANASIA AND PHYSICIAN ASSISTED SUICIDE

INTRODUCTION

1. “Passive Euthanasia” and “active euthanasia” are generally synonymous terms when applied broadly

1. _____YES: they both equate to killing
2. _____NO: their meanings are distinguished as respectively, “killing,” and “allowing to die.”
3. _____MAYBE: ”Active euthanasia” means physician assisted suicide; “passive euthanasia” means mercy killing

1. In the narrow sense, the category of euthanasia is limited to mercy killing

1. _____YES; the narrow sense is becoming increasingly common
2. _____NO; the narrow sense is never used by modern writers
3. _____MAYBE: mercy killing and allowing to die have nothing to do with euthanasia

1. Used in the broad sense, the category of euthanasia encompasses both mericy killing and allowing to die.

1. _____YES: they are not distinguished
2. _____NO: those who use “euthanasia” in the broad sense distinguish between active and passive euthanasia, i.e. between killing and allowing to die

1. “Voluntary euthanasia” and “nonvoluntary euthanasia” are generally synonymous terms

1. _____Yes: both voluntary and involuntary euthanasia involve incompetent patients
2. _____No: Voluntary euthanasia proceeds at the request of a competent patient
3. _____MAYBE: It depends on whether the patient is in a coma

1. If a patient is unconscious and is given a lethal injection or removed from life support we have a case of::

1. _____Engendered euthanasia
2. _____Nonvoluntary euthanasia
3. _____Medical emergency euthanasia
4. _____Palliative euthanasia

1. One can combine the notions of active and passive euthanasia with voluntary and nonvoluntary euthanasia to distinguish:

1. _____Only one valid definition for euthanasia
2. _____Two valid definitions of euthanasia
3. _____ Three valid definitions of euthanasia
4. _____ Four valid definitions of euthanasia

1. Could active voluntary euthanasia apply to a fetus?

1. _____YES: the fetus is a person
2. _____NO: the fetus cannot make an informed request
3. _____MAYBE: Roe v Wade forbids voluntary active euthanasia but it hasn’t been tested in court yet
4. _____Pennsylvania’s Abortion Control Act permits active voluntary euthanasia to save the life of the fetus.

1. The idea that passive euthanasia, to the degree that it is construed as withdrawing life sustaining treatment, can be morally appropriate is firmly established at least in the United States

1. _____Roe v Wade forbids passive euthanasia
2. _____Yes, although there are still issues surrounding how and when
3. _____No, not in Pennsylvania
4. _____No, not anywhere in the United States

1. An “advance directive”

1. _____Formally sets forth what life sustaining treatment, if any, a patient will accept
2. _____A legal notice to a physician to initiate active euthanasia
3. _____A court order enjoining a patient from refusing life sustaining treatment
4. _____One of a set of directives that a hospital or hospice gives to nurses and doctors about euthanasia policy

1. A living will is,

1. _____A form of advance directive
2. _____A will for those left alive after a patient dies
3. _____Not valid in the United States
4. _____The opposite of a “dead will” popular in the 19th Century

1. A proxy is

:

1. _____Someone who will be a substitute decision maker about health care circumstances probably through a durable power of attorney
2. _____A medical professional
3. _____A physician or nurse
4. _____An attorney with the power to begin active nonvoluntary euthanasia

1. In both physician assisted suicide and voluntary active euthanasia a physician plays a role in bringing about the death of a person.

1. _____Yes, with the distinction of self-induced death versus physician or third party induced death
2. _____No, physician assisted suicide doesn’t actually involve the physician in any way. It is a legal term that has caused much confusion.

1. The United States Supreme Court:

1. _____Committed itself to the legitimacy and importance of drawing a distinction between assisting suicide and withdrawing life-sustaining treatment
2. _____Overturned state laws prohibiting physician assisted suicide
3. _____Has never ruled on physician assisted suicide; it has ruled on abortion and the abortion rulings are the basis for all legal renderings
4. _____Equated physician assisted suicide with withdrawing life sustaining support in the Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v Robert Casey Governor ruling in 1992

1. The United States Supreme Court decided all physician assisted suicide cases by:

1. _____Not applicable; has never ruled on physician assisted suicide per se
2. _____12- 0
3. _____7 – 2; the Roe v Wade ruling
4. _____9 - 0

1. Active euthanasia is illegal:

1. _____Only in Pennsylvania after the Abortion Control Act was enacted
2. _____In all states except Nevada
3. _____In all states and the District of Columbia
4. _____Only in the state of Texas as fallout from the Roe v Wade ruling

1. The Oregon model pertains to:

1. _____Physician assisted suicide
2. _____Active involuntary euthanasia
3. _____Active nonvoluntary euthanasia
4. _____Passive voluntary euthanasia

1. The Oregon Model parallels Roe v Wade in that:

1. _____It permits physician assisted suicide on demand
2. _____It forbids physician assisted suicide on demand; there are limitations and criteria
3. _____It uses the concept of viability
4. _____It uses the consensus abortion position that was used in Roe v Wade

1. The law in Washington state

1. _____Is essentially just another name for the Oregon Model
2. _____Permits abortion-on-demand but not physician assisted suicide
3. _____Forbids physician assisted suicide
4. _____Permits voluntary active euthanasia with an advance directive and other controls

1. Washington v Glucksberg is a United States Supreme Court ruling related to:

1. _____Voluntary active euthanasia in Glucksberg, Maryland
2. _____Voluntary passive euthanasia in Glucksberg, Washington
3. _____Physician assisted suicide in Washington
4. _____Physician assisted abortion as expressed in Washington state law

1. Washington v Glucksberg revolves around:

1. _____The Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
2. _____The application of Roe v Wade to physician assisted suicide
3. _____The First and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution
4. _____Only the stipulations in Oregon’s physician assisted suicide law

1. Does Washington state’s Natural Death Act ban voluntary passive euthanasia ?

1. _____YES
2. _____NO

1. The abortion ruling in which case played a role in the overall outcome of Washington v Glucksberg

1. _____Roe v Wade 1973
2. _____Sanders v Alan 1997
3. _____Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v Robert Casey, Governor of Pennsylvania 1992
4. _____There were no abortion rulings cited whatsoever in any of the decisions made by District courts, Appeals courts or the United States Supreme Court in the Washington v Glucksberg case.

1. Justice Sandra Day O’Connor and Chief Justice William Rehnquist disagreed on their opinions upholding Roe v Wade in Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v Robert Casey, Governor of Pennsylvania. Chief Justice Rehnquist had been one of the dissenting justices in the original Roe v Wade decision. In Washington v Glucksberg,

1. _____Justice O’Connor disagrees again with Chief Justice Rehnquist
2. _____Justice O’Connor joins the other justices in ruling Washington state’s law unconstitutional, upholding the lower courts
3. _____ Justice O’Connor joins with eight other justices in ruling Washington state’s law constitutional
4. _____ Justice O’Connor doesn’t join the opinion preferring to abstain. She only wrote an opinion in Vacco v Quill

1. Justice Sandra Day O’Connor believes that:

1. _____There is no generalized right to commit suicide
2. _____The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution contains a right to commit suicide just like it contains a right to abortion-on-demand
3. _____The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution contains a right to “assistance” with a suicide as part of the Due Process Clause
4. _____ Justice O’Connor didn’t actually write an opinion preferring to abstain. She only wrote an opinion in Vacco v Quill

1. As a result of the Washington v Glucksberg ruling by the United States Supreme Court physician assisted suicide is:

1. _____ Illegal in the state of Oregon
2. _____ Illegal in Maryland based on Federal law
3. _____ Legal in Oregon
4. _____ Illegal in Washington state based on Washington state law

1. Justice Sandra Day O’Connor’s opinion in Washington v Glucksberg brings up the point that:

1. _____Justice O’Connor did not actually write an opinion preferring to abstain. She only wrote an opinion in Vacco v Quill
2. _____Patients can get pain medication that might cause unconsciousness and even hasten death
3. _____Abortion and physician assisted suicide are both provided as rights based on the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
4. _____Chief Justice Rehnquist basis all of his opinions in Washington v Glucksberg on his dissenting opinions in Roe v Wade and Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v Robert Casey, Governor

1. The Bush administration is seeking to overturn Oregon’s

1. Abortion control act
2. Physician assisted suicide act
3. Active involuntary euthanasia act
4. The Bush administration is attempting to overturn the act involved in Washington v Glucksberg

Philosophy 307Instructor: Fred J. Viskovich