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Introduction:All compounds can be classified in 2 broad categories:

1.)______compounds- Contain ______and ______atoms

2.)______compounds- Can have one or the other, but do not contain bothcarbonand

hydrogen atoms

  1. Most of your body’s molecules are ______compounds.
  1. ______are built from small organic compounds the same way a railroad train is built, by linking a lot of smaller units together into long chains.
  1. Large carbon compounds are built up from smaller simpler molecules called ______(mono = ______)
  2. Monomers can bind to one another to form complex molecules known as ______(poly = ______)
  3. A polymer consists of repeated, linked units, which can also bind forming large polymers called ______. (macro = ______)
  1. Monomers link to form polymers through a chemical reaction called ______or ______. During the formation of polymers, Water (H2O), is released or is by-product of the reaction.
  1. The breakdown of some complex molecules, such as polymers, occurs through a process known as ______.
  2. Hydrolysis is the ______of a condensation reaction. The addition of water, to some polymers can break the bonds that hold them together.

There are four main types of macromolecules found in living organisms:

1.)______

2.)______

3.)______

4.)______

  1. Carbohydrates
  2. Composed of ______, ______, and ______atoms in the proportion of __ : __ : __
  3. General formula: (CH2O)n where n is the number of carbon atoms.
  4. Example: The sugar glucose is a small carbohydrate; its n equals 6. Therefore its chemical formula is ______.
  5. The building blocks (or monomers) of carbohydrates are monosaccharides.
  6. Monosaccharides are ______(saccharide = sugar). Examples:
  7. Glucose: commonly found in ______of animals
  8. Galactose: a simple sugar found in ______
  9. Fructose: commonly found in ______
  10. Glucose and Fructose both have the formula C6H12O6, Sometimes compounds may have the same formula, however they have different structures/arrangements. In such cases, those compounds are called ______.
  1. Disaccharides contain ______monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis. Examples:
  2. Lactose: commonly found in ______, made up of Galactose + Glucose
  3. Sucrose: “table sugar”, transported in ______, made up of Fructose + Glucose
  4. Polysaccharides are carbohydrates formed from linking individual sugars into ______. Examples:
  5. ______: a common storage form of glucose in plants (breads, pasta, potatoes)
  6. ______: a polysaccharide contained in the cell walls of ______; gives strength and rigidity to plant cells.
  7. ______: a common storage form of glucose in animals (stored in the ______and ______to be used as quick energy)
  1. Lipids(include fats, oils, waxes, etc.)
  2. Class of macromolecules that ______
  3. Lipids usually serve one of three functions:
  4. ______storage
  5. structural support in cell membranes (phospholipids)
  6. serve as reactants ( ______materials) for metabolic reactions
  7. ______are the building blocks (or monomers) that make up most lipids.
  8. Fatty acids are classified as either ______or unsaturated.

The classification depends on the proportion of hydrogen atoms to carbon - carbon bonds in the molecule:

  1. Saturated fatty acids have the ______number of bonds possible, they are ______.
  2. Saturated fats are usually ______at room temperature, and most come from ______products.
  3. Unsaturated fatty acids have ______in the carbon chain and are not full.
  4. Most unsaturated fats are ______at room temperature, and are usually referred to as ______.
  5. Saturated animal fats are associated with ______disorders; ______can be substituted for animal fats in the diet.
  1. A common lipid that contains fatty acids is a triglyceride. Triglycerides (referred to as neutral fats) are glycerol linked to ______fatty acids (in the shape of an “_____”) by condensation reaction.
  1. Proteins
  2. Proteins are organic compounds composed mainly of ______, ______, and ______atoms.
  3. Proteins are the construction materials for body parts such as ______, ______, ______, and ______.
  4. ______are the building blocks (or monomers) that make up most proteins
  5. There are ______different kinds of amino acids that humans use.
  6. One important group of proteins - ______- help control chemical reactions by acting ascatalysts. Catalysts speed up reactions by lowering activation energy.
  1. Nucleic Acids
  2. Nucleic Acids are complex organic molecules that store ______in the cell.
  3. ______are the building blocks (or monomers) that make up most nucleic acids.
  4. Nucleotides consist of a ______+ ______+ ______.

Example- DNA nucleotide:

  1. Three main types of nucleic acids
  2. ______= Deoxyribonucleic acid
  3. Is the genetic information inside the ______of cells
  4. ______= Ribonucleic acid
  5. Instructions which code for ______
  6. ______= Adenosine triphosphate = has a slightly different structure than DNA and RNA. It contains a base + sugar + ______phosphates
  7. ATP is used as ______for the cell

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Directions Place each item below under the correct heading.

sucrose / glucose / starch / C6H12O6 / cellulose / glycogen / C12H24O12 / fructose
Monosaccharides / Disaccharides / Polysaccharides

Directions Complete the table by shading in the correct column for each description. (Only one box per question.)

Description / Lipids / Nucleic Acids / Proteins / Carbo-hydrates
Commonly called fats and oils
Contain carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen
Contain peptide bonds
DNA and RNA are examples
Follow the general formula (CH2O)n
Form skin, blood, hair, muscles
Lactose and Cellulose are examples
Made up of amino acids
Made up of nucleotides
Most consist of 3 fatty acids bonded to a glycerol
Used for long-term energy storage