Appendices
Appendix A: List of keyword terms used for MEDLINE® search
- Time series.tw.
- Time trend$.tw.
- Trend analys$.tw.
- Time series analys$.tw.
- Forecast model$.tw.
- Intervention analys$.tw.
- Drug.mp.
- Medicat$.mp.
- Pharmaceutic$.mp.
- Prescri$.mp.
- Pharmacoepidemiolog$.mp.
- Dispens$.mp.
- Drug utili#ation.mp.
- Or/1-6
- Or/7-13
- 14 and 15
- Limit 16 to English language
Search terms 8 and 9 were adopted from Green et al.[25]
Appendix B: List of identified references (methodological papers, reviews, and empirical applications)
[B.1] Fretheim A, Soumerai SB, Zhang F, Oxman AD, Ross-Degnan D. Interrupted time-series analysis yielded an effect estimate concordant with the cluster-randomized controlled trial result. J Clin Epidemiol 2013;66:883-7.
[B.2] Kong MY, CambonA, Smith MJ. Extended Logistic Regression Model for Studies with Interrupted Events, Seasonal Trend, and Serial Correlation. Comm Stat Theory Methods 2012;41:3528-43.
[B.3] Linden A, Adams JL. Applying a propensity score-based weighting model to interrupted time series data: improving causal inference in programme evaluation. J Eval Clin Pract 2011;17:1231-8.
[B.4] MandellMB. Obtaining interval estimates of policy impacts from interrupted time-series. Eval Rev 1987;11:631-59.
[B.5] PapeUJ, Millett C, LeeJT, Car J, Majeed A. Disentangling secular trends and policy impacts in health studies: use of interrupted time series analysis. J R Soc Med 2013;106:124-9.
[B.6] Penfold RB, Zhang F. Use of Interrupted Time Series Analysis in Evaluating Health Care Quality Improvements. Acad Pediatr 2013;13:S38-S44.
[B.7] SchneeweissS, MaclureM, Soumerai SB, Walker AM, Glynn RJ. Quasi-experimental longitudinal designs to evaluate drug benefit policy changes with low policy compliance. J Clin Epidemiol 2002;55:833-41.
[B.8] WagnerAK, Soumerai SB, ZhangF, Ross-Degnan D. Segmented regression analysis of interrupted time series studies in medication use research. J Clin Pharm Ther 2002;27:299-309.
[B.9] ZhangF, WagnerAK, Ross-Degnan D. Simulation-based power calculation for designing interrupted time series analyses of health policy interventions. J Clin Epidemiol 2011;64:1252-61.
[B.10] ZhangF, WagnerAK, Soumerai SB, Ross-Degnan D. Methods for estimating confidence intervals in interrupted time series analyses of health interventions. J Clin Epidemiol 2009;62:143-8.
[B.11] LagardeM. How to do (or not to do) ... Assessing the impact of a policy change with routine longitudinal data. Health Policy Plan 2012;27:76-83.
[B.12] Mandryk JA, MacksonJM, Horn FE, Wutzke SE, BadcockCA, Hyndman RJ, et al. Measuring change in prescription drug utilization in Australia. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2006;15:477-84.
[B.13] SchneeweissS, MaclureM, Walker AM, GrootendorstP, SoumeraiSB. On the evaluation of drug benefits policy changes with longitudinal claims data: the policy maker's versus the clinician's perspective. Health Policy 2001;55:97-109.
[B.14] Zuckerman IH, Lee E, Wutoh AK, Xue ZY, Stuart B. Application of regression-discontinuity analysis in pharmaceutical health services research. Health Serv Res 2006;41:550-63.
[B.15] Acheampong P, Cooper G, Khazaeli B, Lupton DJ, White S, May MT, et al. Effects of MHRA drug safety advice on time trends in prescribing volume and indices of clinical toxicity for quinine. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2013;76:973-9.
[B.16] AdamsAS, ZhangF, LeCates RF, Graves AJ, Ross-DegnanD, GildenD, et al. Prior authorization for antidepressants in Medicaid: effects among disabled dual enrollees. Arch Intern Med 2009;169:750-6.
[B.17] Adnan W, Zaharan NL, Bennett K, Wall CA. Trends in co-prescribing of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers in Ireland. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2011;71:458-66.
[B.18] Alahdab OG, Crealey G, Scott MG, MairsJ, McElnayJC. Product standardisation as a tool to control prescribing costs - a case study of alginate liquid preparations. Int J Pharm Pract 2013;21:73-81.
[B.19] AnderssonK, Petzold MG, Sonesson C, LonnrothK, Carlsten A. Policy changes in the pharmaceutical reimbursement schedule affect drug expenditures? Interrupted time series analysis of cost, volume and cost per volume trends in Sweden 1986-2002. Health Policy 2006;79:231-43.
[B.20] AtchessiN, RiddeV, Haddad S. Combining user fees exemption with training and supervision helps to maintain the quality of drug prescriptions in Burkina Faso. Health Policy Plan 2013;28:606-15.
[B.21] Austin PC, Mamdani MM. Impact of the pravastatin or atorvastatin evaluation and infection therapy-thrombolysis in myocardial infarction 22/Reversal of Atherosclerosis with Aggressive Lipid Lowering trials on trends in intensive versus moderate statin therapy in Ontario, Canada. Circulation 2005;112:1296-300.
[B.22] Austin PC, Mamdani MM, TuK. The impact of the Women's Health Initiative study on incident clonidine use in Ontario, Canada. J Clin Pharmacol 2004;11:e191-4.
[B.23] BambauerKZ, Adams AS, ZhangF, MinkoffN, GrandeA, WeisblattR, et al. Physician alerts to increase antidepressant adherence - Fax or fiction? Arch Intern Med 2006;166:498-504.
[B.24] Barron TI, BennettK, Feely J. Impact of high dose statin trials on hospital prescribers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2007;63:65-72.
[B.25] Bennie M, Bishop I, Godman B, Barbui C, Raschi E, Campbell S, et al. Are specific initiatives required to enhance prescribing of generic atypical antipsychotics in Scotland?: International implications. Int J Clin Pract 2013;67:170-80.
[B.26] Bennie M, Bishop I, Godman B, Campbell S, Miranda J, Finlayson AE, et al. Are prescribing initiatives readily transferable across classes: the case of generic losartan in Scotland? Qual Prim Care 2013;21:7-15.
[B.27] Bergen H, Hawton K, Murphy E, Cooper J, Kapur N, Stalker C, et al. Trends in prescribing and self-poisoning in relation to UK regulatory authority warnings against use of SSRI antidepressants in under-18-year-olds. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2009;68:618-29.
[B.28] Bijlsma MJ, Hak E, Bos J, De Jong-van den Berg LTW, Janssen F. Assessing the effect of a guideline change on drug use prevalence by including the birth cohort dimension: the case of benzodiazepines. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2013;22:933-41.
[B.29] Blais L, Boucher JM, Couture J, Rahme E, LeLorier J. Impact of a cost-sharing drug insurance plan on drug utilization among older people. J AmGeriatr Soc 2001;49:410-4.
[B.30] Blais L, Couture J, Rahme E, LeLorier J. Impact of a cost sharing drug insurance plan on drug utilization among individuals receiving social assistance. Health Policy 2003;64:163-72.
[B.31] Breen CL, Degenhardt LJ, Bruno RB, Roxburgh AD, JenkinsonR. The effects of restricting publicly subsidised temazepam capsules on benzodiazepine use among injecting drug users in Australia. Med J Aust 2004;181:300-4.
[B.32] Briesacher BA, Soumerai SB, Field TS, FouayziH, GurwitzJH. Nursing home residents and enrollment in Medicare Part D. J Am Geriatr Soc 2009;57:1902-7.
[B.33] Briesacher BA, Soumerai SB, Field TS, FouayziH, GurwitzJH. Medicare part D's exclusion of benzodiazepines and fracture risk in nursing homes. Arch Intern Med 2010;170:693-8.
[B.34] Brufsky JW, Ross-Degnan D, Calabrese D, Gao X, Soumerai SB. Shifting physician prescribing to a preferred histamine-2-receptor antagonist. Effects of a multifactorial intervention in a mixed-model health maintenance organization. Med Care 1998;36:321-32.
[B.35] Brunt ME, MurrayMD, Hui SL, KestersonJ, PerkinsAJ, Tierney WM. Mass media release of medical research results: an analysis of antihypertensive drug prescribing in the aftermath of the calcium channel blocker scare of March 1995. J Gen Intern Med 2003;18:84-94.
[B.36] Bucsics A, Godman B, Burkhardt T, Schmitzer M, Malmstrom RE. Influence of lifting prescribing restrictions for losartan on subsequent sartan utilization patterns in Austria: implications for other countries. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2012;12:809-19.
[B.37] Campbell NRC, McAlister FA, Brant R, Levine M, Drouin D, Feldman R, et al. Temporal trends in antihypertensive drug prescriptions in Canada before and after introduction of the Canadian Hypertension Education Program. J Hypertens 2003;21:1591-7.
[B.38] Campbell NRC, Tu K, Brant R, Duong-Hua M, McAlister FA, Canadian Hypertension Education Program Outcomes Research Task F. The impact of the Canadian Hypertension Education Program on antihypertensive prescribing trends. Hypertension 2006;47:22-8.
[B.39] Carracedo-Martinez E, Pia-Morandeira A, Figueiras A. Impact of a health safety warning and prior authorisation on the use of piroxicam: a time-series study. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2012;21:281-4.
[B.40] Chen H, Nwangwu A, Aparasu R, Essien E, Sun S, Lee K. The impact of Medicare Part D on psychotropic utilization and financial burden for community-based seniors. Psychatr Serv 2008;59:1191-7.
[B.41] Choudhry NK, Fischer MA, Avorn J, Schneeweiss S, Solomon DH, Berman C, et al. At PitneyBowes, Value-Based Insurance Design Cut Copayments And Increased Drug Adherence. Health Aff 2010;29:1995-2001.
[B.42] Choudhry NK, Fischer MA, Avorn JL, Lee JL, Schneeweiss S, Solomon DH, et al. The impact of reducing cardiovascular medication copayments on health spending and resource utilization. J AmColl Cardiol 2012;60:1817-24.
[B.43] Choudhry NK, Zagorski B, Avorn J, Levin R, Sykora K, Laupacis A, et al. Comparison of the impact of the Atrial Fibrillation Follow-Up Investigation of Rhythm Management trial on prescribing patterns: a time-series analysis. Ann Pharmacother 2008;42:1563-72.
[B.44] Clarke G, DickersonJ, Gullion CM, DeBar LL. Trends in youth antidepressant dispensing and refill limits, 2000 through 2009. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2012;22:11-20.
[B.45] Cohen A, RabbaniA, Shah N, Alexander GC. Changes in glitazone use among office-based physicians in the U.S., 2003-2009. Diabetes Care 2010;33:823-5.
[B.46] Damiani G, Federico B, Silvestrini G, Bianchi CBNA, Anselmi A, Iodice L, et al. Impact of regional copayment policy on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) consumption and expenditure in Italy. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2013;69:957-63.
[B.47] DelaneyJAC, McClellandRL, Furberg CD, CooperR, SheaS, BurkeG, et al. Time trends in the use of anti-hypertensive medications: results from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2009;18:826-32.
[B.48] DelateT, Mager DE, ShethJ, Motheral BR. Clinical and financial outcomes associated with a proton pump inhibitor prior-authorization program in a Medicaid population. Am J Manag Care 2005;11:29-36.
[B.49] Dormuth CR, Morrow RL, Carney G. Trends in health care utilization in British Columbia following public coverage for tiotropium. Value Health 2011;14:600-6.
[B.50] Dorsey ER, Rabbani A, Gallagher SA, Conti RM, Alexander GC. Impact of FDA black box advisory on antipsychotic medication use. Arch Intern Med 2010;170:96-103.
[B.51] DowellD, Tian LH, Stover JA, Donnelly JA, Martins S, ErbeldingEJ, et al. Changes in fluoroquinolone use for gonorrhea following publication of revised treatment guidelines. Am J Public Health 2012;102:148-55.
[B.52] Du DT, Zhou EH, Goldsmith J, Nardinelli C, Hammad TA. Atomoxetine use during a period of FDA actions. Med Care 2012;50:987-92.
[B.53] Ehrenpreis ED, Deepak P, Sifuentes H, Devi R, Du H, LeikinJB. The metoclopramide black box warning for tardive dyskinesia: Effect on clinical practice, adverse event reporting, and prescription drug lawsuits. Am J Gastroenterol 2013;108:866-72.
[B.54] FarleyJF, Dusetzina SB. Medicaid prescription drug utilization and expenditures following Part D. J Health Care Poor Underserved 2010;21:715-28.
[B.55] Feldstein AC, Vollmer WM, Smith DH, Petrik A, Schneider J, Glauber H, et al. An outreach program improved osteoporosis management after a fracture. J AmGeriatr Soc 2007;55:1464-9.
[B.56] Fischer MA, SchneeweissS, Avorn J, Solomon DH. Medicaid prior-authorization programs and the use of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. N EnglJ Med 2004;351:2187-94.
[B.57] Fisher JE, Zhang Y, Sketris I, Johnston G, BurgeF. The effect of an educational intervention on meperidine use in Nova Scotia, Canada: a time series analysis. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2012;21:177-83.
[B.58] Foulon V, Svala A, Koskinen H, Chen TF, Saastamoinen LK, Bell JS. Impact of regulatory safety warnings on the use of antidepressants among children and adolescents in Finland. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2010;20:145-50.
[B.59] FretheimA, Havelsrud K, MacLennan G, Kristoffersen DT, Oxman AD. The effects of mandatory prescribing of thiazides for newly treated, uncomplicated hypertension: interrupted time-series analysis. PLoS Med 2007;4:e232.
[B.60] GadzhanovaS, RougheadEE, Loukas K, Vajda J. Improvement in metformin and insulin utilisation in the Australian veteran population associated with quality use of medicines intervention programs. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2011;20:359-65.
[B.61] GadzhanovaSV, RougheadEE, Bartlett MJ. Improving cardiovascular disease management in Australia: NPS MedicineWise. Med J Aust 2013;199:192-5.
[B.62] Gamble J-M, Johnson JA, Majumdar SR, McAlister FA, Simpson SH, EurichDT. Evaluating the introduction of a computerized prior-authorization system on the completeness of drug exposure data. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2013;22:551-5.
[B.63] Garg RK, Fulton-Kehoe D, Turner JA, Bauer AM, Wickizer T, Sullivan MD, et al. Changes in Opioid Prescribing for Washington Workers' Compensation Claimants After Implementation of an Opioid Dosing Guideline for Chronic Noncancer Pain: 2004 to 2010. J Pain 2013;14:1620-8.
[B.64] Gilson AM, Fishman SM, WilseyBL, CasamalhuapaC, Baxi H. Time series analysis of California's prescription monitoring program: impact on prescribing and multiple provider episodes. J Pain 2012;13:103-11.
[B.65] Godman B, De Bruyn K, Miranda J, Raschi E, Bennie M, Barbui C, et al. Generic atypical antipsychotic drugs in Belgium: their influence and implications. J Comp Eff Res 2013;2:551-61.
[B.66] Godman B, Persson M, Miranda J, Skiold P, Wettermark B, Barbui C, et al. Changes in the utilization of venlafaxine after the introduction of generics in Sweden. Appl Health Econ Health Policy 2013;11:383-93.
[B.67] Godman B, Wettermark B, Miranda J, Bennie M, Martin A, Malmstrom RE. Influence of multiple initiatives in Sweden to enhance ARB prescribing efficiency following generic losartan; findings and implications for other countries. Int J Clin Pract 2013;67:853-62.
[B.68] GomesT, Juurlink DN, Moore I, MaguireJL, Mamdani MM. The impact of federal warnings on publically funded desmopressin utilization among children in Ontario. J Pediatr Urol 2012;8:249-53.
[B.69] Graham JJ, Timmis A, Cooper J, Ramdany S, Deaner A, Ranjadayalan K, et al. Impact of the National Service Framework for coronary heart disease on treatment and outcome of patients with acute coronary syndromes. Heart 2006;92:301-6.
[B.70] Guo JJ, CurkendallS, Jones JK, Fife D, GoehringE, She D. Impact of cisapride label changes on codispensing of contraindicated medications. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2003;12:295-301.
[B.71] Guthrie B, Clark SA, Reynish EL, McCowanC, Morales DR. Differential impact of two risk communications on antipsychotic prescribing to people with dementia in Scotland: Segmented regression time series analysis 2001-2011. PLoS One 2013;8:e68976.
[B.72] Hagen BF, Armstrong-Esther C, Quail P, Williams RJ, Norton P, Le Navenec C-L, et al. Neuroleptic and benzodiazepine use in long-term care in urban and rural Alberta: characteristics and results of an education intervention to ensure appropriate use. Int Psychogeriatr 2005;17:631-52.
[B.73] Hartung DM, CarlsonMJ, Kraemer DF, Haxby DG, Ketchum KL, Greenlick MR. Impact of a Medicaid copayment policy on prescription drug and health services utilization in a fee-for-service medicaid population. Med Care 2008;46:565-72.
[B.74] Hartung DM, Touchette DR, Ketchum KL, Haxby DG, Goldberg BW. Effects of a prior-authorization policy for celecoxib on medical service and prescription drug use in a managed care Medicaid population. Clin Ther 2004;26:1518-32.
[B.75] Hashim S, Gomes T, Juurlink D, Hellings C, Mamdani M. The rise and fall of the thiazolidinediones: impact of clinical evidence publication and formulary change on the prescription incidence of thiazolidinediones. J Popul Ther Clin Pharmacol 2013;20:e238-42.
[B.76] HawtonK, Bergen H, SimkinS, Brock A, Griffiths C, RomeriE, et al. Effect of withdrawal of co-proxamol on prescribing and deaths from drug poisoning in England and Wales: time series analysis. BMJ 2009;338:b2270.
[B.77] HawtonK, Bergen H, SimkinS, Wells C, KapurN, Gunnell D. Six-year follow-up of impact of co-proxamol withdrawal in England and Wales on prescribing and deaths: time-series study. PLoS Med 2012;9:e1001213.
[B.78] Hazlet TK, Blough DK. Health services utilization with reference drug pricing of histamine(2) receptor antagonists in British Columbia elderly. Med Care 2002;40:640-9.
[B.79] Hemmelgarn BR, Zhang JG, Manns BJ, James MT, Quinn RR, Ravani P, et al. Nephrology Visits and Health Care Resource Use Before and After Reporting Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate. JAMA 2010;303:1151-8.
[B.80] Hesse U, GodmanB, PetzoldM, MartinA, MalmstromRE. Impact of delisting ARBs, apart from losartan, on ARB utilisation patterns in Denmark: implications for other countries. Appl Health Econ Health Policy 2013;11:677-85.
[B.81] Hillman JJ, ZuckermanIH, LeeE. The impact of the Women's Health Initiative on hormone replacement therapy in a Medicaid program. J Womens Health 2004;13:986-92.
[B.82] Horn FE, Mandryk JA, MacksonJM, Wutzke SE, Weekes LM, Hyndman RJ. Measurement of changes in antihypertensive drug utilisation following primary care educational interventions. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2007;16:297-308.
[B.83] Huang SH, HsuCN, Yu SH, Cham TM. Impact of drug price adjustments on utilization of and expenditures on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers in Taiwan. BMC Public Health 2012;12:288.
[B.84] Huybrechts KF, Palmsten K, Mogun H, Kowal M, Avorn J, Setoguchi-Iwata S, et al. National trends in antidepressant medication treatment among publicly insured pregnant women. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2013;35:265-71.
[B.85] HyndA, RougheadEE, Preen DB, Glover J, BulsaraM, SemmensJ. The impact of co-payment increases on dispensings of government-subsidised medicines in Australia. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2008;17:1091-9.
[B.86] Hynd A, Roughead EE, Preen DB, Glover J, Bulsara M, Semmens J. Increased patient co-payments and changes in PBS-subsidised prescription medicines dispensed in Western Australia. Aust N Z J Public Health 2009;33:246-52.
[B.87] Jackevicius CA, Tu JV, Demers V, Melo M, Cox J, Rinfret S, et al. Cardiovascular outcomes after a change in prescription policy for clopidogrel. N EnglJ Med 2008;359:1802-10.
[B.88] Juurlink DN, Mamdani MM, Lee DS, Kopp A, Austin PC, Laupacis A, et al. Rates of hyperkalemia after publication of the Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study. N EnglJ Med 2004;351:543-51.
[B.89] Kabir Z, Feely J, BennettK.Primary care prescribing patterns in Ireland after the publication of large hypertension trials. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2007;64:381-5.
[B.90] Kales HC, Zivin K, Kim HM, Valenstein M, Chiang C, Ignacio RV, et al. Trends in antipsychotic use in dementia 1999-2007.[Erratum appears in Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2011 May;68(5):466 Note: Ignacio, Rosalindo [corrected to Ignacio, Rosalinda V]]. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2011;68:190-7.
[B.91] KephartG, SkedgelC, Sketris I, GrootendorstP, Hoar J. Effect of copayments on drug use in the presence of annual payment limits. Am J Manag Care 2007;13:328-34.
[B.92] Kephart G, Sketris IS, Bowles SK, Richard ME, Cooke CA. Impact of a criteria-based reimbursement policy on the use of respiratory drugs delivered by nebulizer and health care services utilization in Nova Scotia, Canada. Pharmacotherapy 2005;25:1248-57.
[B.93] Koranek AM, Smith TL, Mican LM, Rascati KL. Impact of the CATIE trial on antipsychotic prescribing patterns at a state psychiatric facility. Schizophr Res 2012;137:137-40.
[B.94] Kornfield R, Watson S, Higashi AS, Conti RM, Dusetzina SB, Garfield CF, et al. Effects of FDA advisories on the pharmacologic treatment of ADHD, 2004-2008. Psychatr Serv 2013;64:339-46.
[B.95] Kurdyak PA, Juurlink DN, Mamdani MM. The effect of antidepressant warnings on prescribing trends in Ontario, Canada. Am J Public Health 2007;97:750-4.
[B.96] Kurian BT, Ray WA, Arbogast PG, FuchsDC, Dudley JA, Cooper WO. Effect of regulatory warnings on antidepressant prescribing for children and adolescents. Arch PediatrAdolesc Med 2007;161:690-6.
[B.97] Lam NN, JainAK, Hackam DG, Cuerden MS, Suri RS, Huo CY, et al. Results of a randomized controlled trial on statin use in dialysis patients had no influence on statin prescription. Kidney Int 2009;76:1172-9.
[B.98] Langley TE, Huang Y, Lewis S, McNeill A, Coleman T, Szatkowski L. Prescribing of nicotine replacement therapy to adolescents in England. Addiction 2011;106:1513-9.
[B.99] Langley TE, Huang Y, McNeill A, Coleman T, Szatkowski L, Lewis S. Prescribing of smoking cessation medication in England since the introduction of varenicline. Addiction 2011;106:1319-24.
[B.100] Langley TE, Szatkowski L, McNeill A, Coleman T, Lewis S. Prescribing of nicotine replacement therapy to cardiovascular disease patients in England. Addiction 2012;107:1341-8.
[B.101] Law MR, Lu CY, Soumerai SB, Graves AJ, LeCates RF, ZhangF, et al. Impact of two Medicaid prior-authorization policies on antihypertensive use and costs among Michigan and Indiana residents dually enrolled in Medicaid and Medicare: results of a longitudinal, population-based study. Clin Ther 2010;32:729-41.
[B.102] LeeE, Maneno MK, WutohAK, ZuckermanIH. Long-term effect of the Women's Health Initiative study on antiosteoporosis medication prescribing. J Womens Health 2010;19:847-54.
[B.103] Lee E, Wutoh AK, Xue Z, Hillman JJ, Zuckerman IH. Osteoporosis management in a Medicaid population after the Women's Health Initiative study. J Womens Health 2006;15:155-61.
[B.104] LeeI-H, Bloor K, HewittC, MaynardA. The effects of new pricing and copayment schemes for pharmaceuticals in South Korea. Health Policy 2012;104:40-9.
[B.105] Libby AM, Brent DA, Morrato EH, Orton HD, Allen R, Valuck RJ. Decline in treatment of pediatric depression after FDA advisory on risk of suicidality with SSRIs. Am J Psychiatry 2007;164:884-91.
[B.106] Libby AM, Orton HD, Valuck RJ. Persisting decline in depression treatment after FDA warnings. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2009;66:633-9.
[B.107] Linton A, Bacon T, Peterson M. Proton-pump inhibitor utilization associated with the change to nonpreferred formulary status for esomeprazole in the TRICARE formulary. J Manag Care Pharm 2009;15:42-54.
[B.108] Lo-Ciganic W-H, Boudreau RM, Gray SL, ZgiborJC, DonohueJM, PereraS, et al. Changes in cholesterol-lowering medications use over a decade in community-dwelling older adults. Ann Pharmacother 2013;47:984-92.
[B.109] Lu CY, Ross-Degnan D, Stephens P, Liu B, Wagner AK. Changes in use of antidiabetic medications following price regulations in China (1999-2009). J Pharm Health Serv Res 2013;4:3-11.
[B.110] Lu CY, Law MR, Soumerai SB, Graves AJ, LeCates RF, ZhangF, et al. Impact of prior authorization on the use and costs of lipid-lowering medications among Michigan and Indiana dual enrollees in Medicaid and Medicare: results of a longitudinal, population-based study. Clin Ther 2011;33:135-44.
[B.111] Lu CY, Soumerai SB, Ross-Degnan D, Zhang F, Adams AS. Unintended Impacts of a Medicaid Prior Authorization Policy on Access to Medications for Bipolar Illness. Med Care 2010;48:4-9.
[B.112] MacBride-Stewart SP, Elton R, WalleyT. Do quality incentives change prescribing patterns in primary care? An observational study in Scotland. Fam Pract 2008;25:27-32.