PhiladelphiaUniversity
Lecturer : Dr. Moayad A.
Coordinator :Dr. Moayad A.
Internal Examiner: Dr. Rashid Al-Zubadi
Artificial Intelligence (750751) Mid Term Exam 2ndSemester 2009-2010
Date: 3/5/2010 Section:70 Time:100minutes
Information for Candidates
- This examination paper contains four questions, totaling 100marks.
- The marks for parts of questions are shown in round brackets.
Advice to Candidates
1. You should attempt all questions.
2. You should write your answers clearly.
Question-1[25 marks]
Consider the following three productions rules:
R1: If (X is a bird) and (X has wings) and (the wings of X are not defective) then (ADD to knowledge that X can fly).
R2: If (X has wings) and (X is mammal) then (ADD to knowledge that X can fly).
R3: If (X is a bird) and (X has wings) and (color of X is black) and (X lays eggs at the nest of Y) and (color of Y is black) then (ADD to knowledge that X is a spring bird).
Assume that you have the following knowledge:
{Cuckoo is a bird; Parrot is a bird; Cuckoo has wings; Color of Cuckoo is black; Cuckoo lays eggs at the nest of Crow; Color of Crow is black}
- Draw the problem states space to by applying the knowledge for the given rules; mark each transition in your space the rule which is applied.
- List the order of rules which applied using backward chaining.
Question-2[20 marks]
Consider the following rules:
1-If (C2 or C3) Then C1. Reversible, implication certainty (0.5).
2-If (C4 and C5) Then C1. Reversible, implication certainty (0.6).
3-If (not (e1)) Then C2. Non-Reversible, implication certainty (-0.9).
4-If (e2) Then C3. Non-Reversible, implication certainty (0.6).
5-If (C6) Then C3. Reversible, implication certainty (0.7).
6-If (e4 and C7) Then C4. Reversible, implication certainty (0.8).
7-If (not (C7)) Then C5. Reversible, implication certainty (0.9).
8-If (e3 or e4) Then C6. Reversible, implication certainty (0.8).
9-If (e5) Then C7. Reversible, implication certainty (0.9).
10-If (not (e6)) Then C7. Non-Reversible, implication certainty (0.6).
a)Draw the inference net.
b)Write the knowledge which can be represented from the above rules.
c)Calculate the certainty factor of node (C4); where the ct(e1)=-0.5, ct(e2)=-0.7, ct(e3)=-0.5, ct(e4)=0.8, ct(e5)=0.7, and ct(e6)=0.5.
Question-3 [25 marks]
There is a robot at the door into the room. In the middle of the room a lamp is hanging from the ceiling. The robot wants to get the lamp, but it cannot jump from the floor. At the window of the room there is a box the robot may use. The robot can perform the following actions: walk on the floor; climb the box; push the box around; get the lamp if standing on the box directly under the lamp.
- Formulate the start state and the goal state.
- Find the logical form to represents the valid movements.
- Determine the states space to the problem.
Question-4 [30 marks][10 for each branch]
A)Draw semantic network for the following text:
"Human experts are able to perform at a high level because they know a lot about their areas of expertise. This simple observation is the underlying rational for the design of knowledge based problem solvers. Expert systems use knowledge specific to a problem domain to provide expert quality performance in the application area. Expert system designers acquire this knowledge with help of human domain experts, and the system emulates the expert's methodology and performance."
B)Consider the following:
top(X,Y,Z) :- bottom(Z,W,Y,X).
bottom(A,B,7,D) :- data(A,0,B), data(A,D,1).
data(3,0,1).
data(3,2,1).
List in order the facts that are proved by forward chaining. Don't stop until everything provable is proved.
C)For the following configuration:
1. Define a frame axioms (stable and unstable) state.
2. Generate the operations and frame axioms (including the stable and unstable) necessaryvfor the four operators (pickup; putdown; stack; and unstuck).