INTERGRATED English Literature (General Guidelines)...... 3

Section I - ...... 9

  • E- mail + CV
  • Minutes
  • Internal memo
  • Book review
  • Confidential report + E- mail
  • Recipe
  • Internal memo
  • Speech + E- mail
  • Fax
  • Book review
  • Instructions/ directions
  • Internal memo

Section II...... 35

  • Section A – unseen text
  • Section B – comprehension:-

Question 2 – an excerpt from one of the compulsory texts

  • Section C
  • Question 3 – literary appreciation
  • Poems
  • Oral narratives
  • Grammar – question 4

Section III...... 99

  • Section A – unseen text
  • Section B – comprehension:-

Question 2 – an excerpt from one of the compulsory texts

  • Section C

Question 3 – literary appreciation

  • Poems
  • Oral narratives
  • Grammar – QUESTION 4

Answers

Section I...... 105

Section II...... 129

Section III...... 161

INTEGRATED ENGLISH LITERATURE

Introduction

The teaching and learning of English as a second language entails that a learner does a lot of practice in the four key areas of:

i) Listening

ii) Speaking

iii) Reading

iv) Writing

This therefore means that a diagnostic approach to establish learner’s problems must be carefully done. All of us will agree that if one must learn swimming then it means that, the swimming candidate should be ready to step in the water and practice the learning of English entails that one is exposed to the language fully

A candidate preparing to sit for the K.C.S.E exams must have a very mastery of the following

1. GRAMMAR

The study of grammar should help the student to communicate clearly and understand well and clearly what is heard and read. Grammar entails

a) Parts of speech

i) Nouns

  • Common nouns
  • Proper nouns
  • Concrete nouns
  • Abstract nouns
  • Number
  • Collective nouns
  • Compound nouns
  • Possessives
  • Use of phrasal quantifiers
  • Typical noun derivations
  • Gender – sensitive language
  • Functions of nouns in sentences – subject, object, complement

ii) Pronouns

  • Personal pronouns
  • Possessive pronouns
  • Reflexive pronouns
  • Functions of pronouns
  • Number and person in pronouns
  • Interrogative pronouns
  • Relative pronouns

iii) Verbs

  • Lexical – regular verbs/ irregular verbs
  • Auxiliary verbs – primary and modal
  • Tenses – simple present tense / simple past tense
  • Aspect – perfective and progressive
  • Future time
  • Transitive and intransitive verbs
  • Infinitive s
  • Phrasal verbs and idiomatic expressions
  • Participles
  • Participate phrases
  • Gerunds

iv) Adjectives

  • Comparative and superlative forms
  • Regular and irregular adjectives
  • Gradable and non- gradable adjectives
  • Order of adjectives
  • Quantifiers – few, a few, little, a little
  • Position of adjectives – predicative/ attributive
  • Typical endings of adjectives
  • Functions of adjectives

v) Adverbs

  • Adverbs of manner, time and frequency
  • Adverbs of place and degree
  • Comparative and superlative forms of adverbs
  • Formation of adverbs
  • Functions of adverbs (modifiers)
  • Position of adverbs in sentences
  • Typical endings of adverbs

vi) Prepositions

  • Simple prepositions – in, of, at
  • Complex preposition – despite the fact, in spite of
  • Distinguishing prepositions from connectors and adverb particles
  • Functions of prepositions in a sentence

vii) Conjunctions

  • Co-ordinating conjunctions – and, but or
  • Sub-ordinating conjunctions – because, when that, which
  • Correlative conjunctions – both….. and

- Not only ….. but also

- Neither …….. nor

- Either ……… or

- No sooner ………. That

  • Functions of conjunctions in sentences

viii) Articles

  • Definite article – the
  • Indefinite articles – a, an

ix) Interjections

  • Identification and usage in sentences

b) Phrases

  • Constituents of a noun i.e. determiner, modifier + main noun
  • Examples of noun phrases
  • Constituents of verb and adverb phrases and examples
  • Prepositional and adjectival phrases

c) Simple sentences

  • Sentence structure (subject, predicate)
  • Types of sentences
  • Declarative / affirmative
  • Imperative
  • Interrogative
  • Negative
  • Exclamatory

d) Clauses

  • Independent and sub-ordinate clauses (relative and adverbal clauses)
  • Compound sentences
  • Complex sentences
  • Active and passive voice
  • Conditional and adjectival clauses
  • Noun clauses
  • Compound – complex sentences
  • Direct and indirect speech
  • Inversions
  • Sentence connectors
  • Substitution and ellipsis

2. LISTENING AND SPEAKING

By the time a candidate prepares to sit for the final exam it is expected that they have been provided with appropriate opportunities in the above areas. This is done through:

  • Reciting poems
  • Telling stories
  • Discussing contemporary issues
  • Debating
  • Dramatizing
  • Role – playing
  • Speech drills

Content and listening and speaking

a) Pronunciation

  • English sounds – vowel and consonant sounds
  • Distinction between English sounds, mother tongue and Kiswahili
  • Identification of problematic sounds
  • Mastery of problematic sounds in meaningful contexts i.e. by use of tongue twisters, songs and poems
  • Stress and intonation
  • Rhyme in poetry
  • Word play (puns)
  • Alliteration and assonance in poetry
  • Distinguishing word class on the basis of stress
  • Use of tone to reveal attitude

b) Listening comprehension and note – taking

This section is very common in paper 101/2 and 101/1

  • Listening and responding to oral narratives

-Myths

-Legends

-Dilemma

-Trickster

-Ogre/ fable

-Animal/ plant tales

Features of each genre of oral literature

Listening and responding to information/ articles on:

-Children’s rights

-Child labour

-Environment

-HIV/ AIDS

-Moral values

-Issues of social responsibility

-Drug and substance abuse

-Equal role of men and women

-Integrity/ anti- corruption education

-Information technology

-Poverty eradication

-Skills of attention and turn taking through use of dialogues

c) Mastery of content

This section is common in paper 101/1

-Debates

-Interviews

-Discussion

-Speeches

-Oral reports

d) Etiquette

- Use of courteous language e.g. tank you sir, excuse me sorry, please e.t.c.

- Telephone etiquette

- Appropriate choice of register

- Interrupting and disagreeing politely

- Negotiation skills

- Turn taking

- Paying attention (listening)

e) Non- verbal cues that enhance listening and speaking (Common in paper 101/1 and 101/2)

- Importance of respecting personal space

- Facial expressions, gestures and eye contact

- Bowing/ curtsying

- Appearance and grooming

- The area of listening and speaking is very crucial for students preparing to sit for KCSE exams and any other. Questions on oral skills – paper 101/1 and 101/2 are normally drawn from this area

3. READING

Mastery of reading is handy as this is a very important component of language learning

a) Content area

  • Silent reading – avoid the following:

Moving lips

Verbalizing words

Use of fingers

Moving the head

  • Development of good reading habits in:

Silent reading

Reading aloud

Speed reading

  • Using dictionary
  • Using the library
  • Scanning and skimming
  • Using reference materials
  • Interpretive reading
  • Study reading
  • Note – making
  • Critical reading
  • Recognizing attitude and tone
  • Distinguishing facts from opinions
  • Close reading

b) Intensive reading

1. i) Study of poems, plays and short stories

ii) Plot and literary language

2. i) Study of novels, plays and poems

ii) Characterization and themes

iii) Aspects of style

3. i) Study of novels, plays, poems and short stories

ii) Critical analysis of three prescribed texts (set books)

iii) Oral literature

c) Extensive reading

i) Literacy and non- literacy materials on contemporary issues such as :

  • Children’s rights
  • Child labour
  • Environment
  • HIV/ AIDS
  • Moral values
  • Social responsibility
  • Gender responsiveness
  • Drug and substance abuse
  • Human rights
  • Integrity
  • Good governance
  • Technological advancement
  • Poverty eradication

ii) Adventure stories

iii) Fairy tales

iv) Poems

v) Plays

vi) Novels

vii) Short stories

viii) Newspapers, magazines, periodicals

ix) Biographies

x) Reports

d) Comprehension skills

i) Recall, comprehension application, analysis, synthesis and evaluation

ii) Summary and note taking

4. WRITING

This is a skill of language learning that needs a lot of practice

Content

a) Handwriting

- Legibility and tidiness

b) Spelling

- Mastery of spelling rules

- Master commonly miss pelt words

c) Building sentence skills and paragraphing

- Writing clear and correct sentences

- Structure of the paragraph - Topic sentences

- Supporting sentences

- Clincher sentences

- Sequencing of ideas

- Unity in paragraphs

- Sentence variety – using simple, compound and complex sentences

- Devices of developing paragraphs

- Giving reasons/ examples

- Comparing and contrasting

- Using idiomatic expressions

- Using facts/ statistics

- Using rhetorical questions

- Cohesion in paragraphs

- Using transitional words and phrases

- Choice of words

- Recurrent words (different words that refer to the same idea in the paragraph)

- Paraphrasing

d) Punctuation

i) Capitalization

ii) Final punctuation marks

iii) Commas

iv) Question marks

v) Apostrophe

vi) Hyphen

vii) Colon

viii) Semi colon

ix) Dash

x) Parenthesis

xi) devices for presenting titles of publication, quotations and headings

e) Personal writing

i) Diaries

ii) Addresses

iii) Packing lists

iv) Personal journals

v) Shopping lists

vi) Reminders

viii) Recipes

f) Social writing

i) Informal (friendly letters)

ii) Invitations

iii) Notes of thanks, congratulations and condolences

iv) Telegrams

v) E – mails

vi) Fax

vii) Instructions to family and friends

g) Study writing

i) Making notes

ii) Taking notes

iii) Summaries

iv) Descriptive essays

v) Synopsis

vi) Reports

vii) Argumentative essays

viii) Reviews

ix) Expository

x) Questionnaires

h) Creative writing

i) Imaginative compositions

ii) Poems

iii) Dialogues

iv) Plays

v) Short stories

vi) Autobiographies

vii) Biographies

i) Institutional writing

i) Public notices

ii) Inventories

iii) Telephone messages

iv) Filling forms

v) Letters of apology

vi) Notification of meetings

vii) Agenda and minute writing

viii) Memoranda

ix) Curriculum vitae

x) Speeches

ENGLISH PAPER 101/1 FUNCTIONAL SKILLS

SECTION I

The English paper 101/1 – functional writing has three questions namely:

Q1 FUNCTIONAL WRITING – 20 MARKS

This area is drawn from the section of writing discussed in the introductory section of this booklet. This can be drawn from:

i) Personal writing

ii) Social writing

iii) Study writing

iv) Creative writing

v) Institutional writing

Types of functional writing

  • E- mail + CV
  • Minutes
  • Internal memo
  • Book review
  • Confidential report + E- mail
  • Recipe
  • Internal memo
  • Speech + E- mail
  • Fax
  • Book review
  • Instructions/ directions
  • Internal memo
  • CV

QUESTION 2 – CLOZE TEST – 10 MARKS

A cloze test is a type of test in which one has to put suitable words in blank spaces in a short passage where words have been left out at intervals of six to ten words. A cloze test has ten blanks which add up to ten marks in the exam. A cloze test evaluates one’s comprehension of the passage, different parts of speech, spelling, tense, vocabulary and general language use. Always supply the blank with the most correct one - word answer

POINTS TO NOTE ON CLOZE TEST

1. Always read through the passage at least three times without filling any words in the blanks

2. Note carefully repeated words and ideas. This could act as possible clues

3. Note the punctuation of the passage as this gives possible clues

4. Always give one – word answers which also include hyphenated compound words

5. Ensure that your answers are relevant and grammatically correct

6. Put emphasis on subject – verb agreement

7. Use noun numbers correctly i.e. singular and plural forms

QUESTION 3 – ORAL SKILLS

Oral communication is any communication by word of mouth. Any effective oral communication will depend on the learner’s ability to speak and listen effectively. Listening and speaking skills are important because:

i) They help us to acquire acceptable communication skills

ii) To respond to information correctly

iii) To adhere to other language conventions

iv) To pronounce sounds correctly

v) Listen to the other person carefully so as to advance a sound judgment

vi) Be convincing enough, if one wants to get something then he/ she must give valid and

reasonable reasons

vii) Be compromising in case one doesn’t get what they want. However it is important for

one to state their stand clearly

viii) Appreciate the other party’s view and let them know this as much

Question three of this section tests oral skills (listening and speaking). It majorly deals with punctuation, listening comprehension, note taking, debates, speeches, interviews, discussions, oral reports, etiquette and non verbal clues of communication that enhance listening and speaking

Constants and vowel sounds are also tested here. Problematic sounds are tested in tongue twisters, poems, songs, riddles or proverbs. Word or sentence stress is also tested as well as stylistic aspects of poetry such as rhyme, rhythm, assonance, alliteration, puns, intonation, tone, attitude and mood. Oral literature is also tested in this section as well as etiquette, mostly in dialogues or telephone conversations. Issues of etiquette such as use of courteous language, negotiation skills, paying attention, turn taking, correct choice of register, interacting and disagreeing politely

TONE, ATTITUDE AND MOOD

TONE

This is the quality of voice or the general character and attitude that expresses a particular

emotion. This is the poet’s outlook. It is the mirror in which the speaker talks, usually inferred from the choice of words. Tone may be expressed as: cold, eager, harsh, gleeful, proud, satirical, doubtful, hostile, surprised, assertive, ironical, grateful, commanding, pleading and reprimanding

In poetry, the persona’s attitude towards the subject or characters can be revealed through the tone

ATTITUDE

This refers to the way the poet feels about a subject or the character in the poem. It may be described as amusing, patronizing, contemptuous, critical, hostile, sympathetic, disapproving, harsh, kind, serious, cruel or adoring

MOOD

This refers to the general feeling of the speaker, the climate or the atmosphere surrounding a literary work. (Poetry or prose). Words such as ‘good’ or ‘bad’ are not specific hence not used here. Mood can be described by such adjectives like happy, quiet, desperate, tense, thankful, sad (melancholic) solemn, silent, violent, jubilant, assertive, ironic, comprehensive, lively, remorseful, optimistic, and pessimistic

SECTION A- WORDS WITH SIMILAR PRONUNCIATION

SECTION B- IDENTIFYING WORDS THAT ARE THE ODD ONES

SECTION C- INDICATING STRESS WORDS

SECTION D- IDENTIFY SILENT LETTERS IN WORDS

SECTION E-DIVIDING WORDS INTO CONSTITUENT SYLLABLE UNITS

SECTION F - READING STORIES

SECTION G- POEMS

SECTION H- TONGUE TWISTERS

SECTION I- LISTENING AND SPEAKING SKILLS/ CONVERSATIONS

SECTION I – QUESTIONS

FUNCTIONAL WRITING -20MARKS

1. Imagine that you have completed secondary education. You have come across an advertisement in one of the daily newspaper that required clerical officers. The email address of the Company is . You are interested in the job. Write one page curriculum vitae (C.V) using the e-mail address of the company

2. You are the Secretary of your School’s Drama club. Your club is holding its second meeting of

the year to discuss the following issues:-

(i) Tour to Nairobi

(ii) Awareness campaign

(iii) Strengthening of drama in the school

Two people have sent their apologies and a member from the writer’s club has also attended the

meeting.Write the minutes you could take at the meeting

3. Imagine you are the managing directors of Alroki industries Eldoret. You manufacture padlocks and of late, there has been a lot of bad press concerning your products. Write an internal memorandum to your operations manger and sales and marketing manager. Advise them on what should be doneto counter the bad press and also recapture and retain your market share.

4. You have finished reading the play An Enemy of the people by Henric Ibsen and you

would like to recommend it to your classmates. In about 350 words, write the book review

5. You are the principal of BarakaTeachersTrainingCollege and one of your graduates Mr. Christopher Lipwoni has applied for employment as a teacher at Lirhanda boardingprimary school. The head teacher of that primary school has send you an email requesting you to avail more information about Mr.Christopher Lipwoni to enable the school decidewhether to employ him or not.In the space provided below, write a sample report that you intend to email to the head teacher. Remember to copy the report to the DEO Kakamega East District

6. Imagine that you have been put in charge of a farewell party for your classmates. Write a recipe for the meal you would prepare for the occasion.

7.Imagine that you are the library captain in your school. Write a memo to the class prefects asking them to ensure that students observe the library rules, especially regarding silence, prompt return of books, appropriate dressing and observing opening and closing time.

8. You are invited to give a speech on the role of the youth in fostering peace in your country by a friend overseas. You are unable to travel due to unforeseen circumstances. E-mail your speech to your friend to present it on your behalf.

9. You are revising with your friend over the April holiday. On reaching school in May, you realize that one of your books, Top Mark English is missing. Write a fax to your friend in a

neighbouring school requesting for the book he had borrowed from you

10. You have just read a novel entitled TheModern Girl by a famous writer. You want to recommend it to a friend who has asked you to briefly tell him why you found the text interesting. Write with appropriate sub headings, a review of the text convincing your friend to read it.

11. Imagine you live in Mumias, an average town in Western Kenya. The National Music

Festivals are set to be held in this town for five days. Your friend who lives in Webuye town intends to come over.

a) Give them clear directions to Nabongo cultural centre in Mumias town. Make your instructions

as precise (one page) and clear as possible – you could use land marks, well known means of

transport, show distance in kilometers e.t.c.

12. Imagine you are the school captain, and the CDF committee wishes to set up a project in your school. The principal has asked you to organize with the prefects to collect students

views on the most appropriate project. Write an internal memo to the concerned prefects.20mks)

13. Imagine that you have done K.C.S.E exams, qualified and done some training in aprofessional course. You have seen an advertisement in “Sunday mirage” Newspaper of a position you qualify for. You then decide to apply for it. Write your Own curriculum vitae (C.V)

14. Write a letter to the clerk of your local council complaining about the loud music in the bars

where you live. Indicate how residents spend sleepless nights due to the loud music, and

what you think should be done

15.You have been selected to deliver a speech on Parent’s day on behalf of other students. Apart

from teachers, parents and students, there are several guests present as well as members of