NAME ______HR______

Interactions in the Environment Outline

POPULATION


COMMUNITY


  • The amount of variety in a community is called species ______or
    ______.
  • few species = ______
  • many species = ______
PROPERTIES OF A POPULATION
  • DENSITY:
  • DISTRIBUTION:
  • GROWTH RATE:
CARRYING CAPACITY
  • The ______of a ______that can be supported by an
    ______.
  • The ______has reached a maximum for
    the particular ______.
  • ______growth slows and may reach a stage of
    ______as the population density comes close to
    an area’s ______.
  • ______means that the size of the population is no longer
    ______.
  • The ______and ______rate are about equal.

In food relationships, nutrients (food) are transferred from one organism to another.

Autotrophs
  • Can make their own ______from ______.
  • Also called ______.
  • Example:
HERBIVORES
  • ______that feed on ______and ______.
  • Examples:
CARNIVORES
  • ______that feed on ______.
  • Examples:
  • PREDATORS:
  • SCAVENGERS:
OMNIVORES
  • ______that feed on both ______and ______.
  • Example:
DECOMPOSERS
  • Feed on ______and ______organisms.
  • Also called ______.
  • Examples:
SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS

SYMBIOSIS:


  • At least ______member of the association ______by the association.

MUTUALISM

  • A relationship in which
  • Example: nitrogen-fixing bacteria– a type of bacteria that lives in little knobs on the roots of peas and clover plants. These bacteria make important nitrogen compounds that are used by the plant and the plant supplies moisture and organic nutrients to the bacteria.

COMMENSALISM

  • Two organisms
  • Example: The remora (little fish) attaches itself to the shark’s body with little suction cups. The remora gets scraps of uneaten food from the shark; the shark is not harmed by the relationship.

PARASITISM


  • Example: Athlete’s foot fungus (parasite) feeds on the host organism (humans). The host is harmed by the relationship and the parasite benefits.
COMPETITION
  • Competition occurs when there is a ______among ______
    living in the same ______(______) for the same
    ______.
  • Some of these ______are ______, ______,
    ______, ______, ______, and
    ______.
  • When two ______compete intensely for the same ______,
    one ______usually ______.
  • ______may result in the ______of
    one ______in the ______.
  • ______species tend to ______their use
    of common ______.
FOOD CHAINS
Tropic Levels
  • Producer –
  • Primary Consumer –
  • Secondary Consumers –
  • Higher-Level Consumers –
  • Decomposers –
FOOD WEBS
  • In a natural ______, there are many interconnecting ______.
  • Most ______eat more than ______type of food.
  • Most ______are ______(eaten) by more than one
    ______of organism.
  • The ______of ______and ______is much
    more complicated than a simple ______.

PYRAMID OF ENERGY

  • At each step on the food web, ______is transferred to the next
    ______level.
  • Energy is “______” at each food ______, because much of the
    food energy taken in by a consumer is used in the process of______.
  • Less ______is available to the ______levels on the food chain.

PYRAMID OF BIOMASS

  • The amount of ______in an
    ______is its ______.
  • This ______shows that the total
    ______an ______can support decreases at each higher feeding level.
  • This is because there is ______
    ______available at each ______.
  • The ______amount of ______is found at the
    ______level, and ______with each
    ______feeding level.
MATERIAL CYCLES
  • In a self-supporting ecosystem, ______must be
    ______between the ______and
    ______environment so they can be______.
  • There are three major material cycles.
  • The Carbon-Oxygen Cycle
  • Involves the process of ______and
    ______.
  • ______is released as a byproduct of
    ______.
  • ______is released as a byproduct of ______.
  • The Water Cycle
  • During ______, water
    is changed into ______
    and during ______ water
    vapor is changed back into water.
  • The Nitrogen Cycle
  • Nitrogenous wastes and the ______of ______organisms are converted by
    ______and ______into
    compounds that can be used by ______(______).
ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION
  • The gradual ______of one ______by another.
  • Ecological ______eventually leads to the formation of a
    ______.
  • Each ______slowly changes the ______.
    The changed environment often is more suitable for new types of organisms and less suitable for the existing organisms.
  • Ecological ______occurs in step ______.
  • A ______community is called a ______.

Primary Succession

  • Occurs in an area that has ______.
  • Must begin with the ______.
  • Example: a bare rock, rocky cliffs, sand dunes, newly formed volcanic island, newly exposed land areas.

Secondary Succession

  • Occurs in an area where an
  • Example: Forest Fire, Tornado, Hurricane
First Stage
  • Can begin with ______.
  • ______are usually one of the first organisms to appear because
    they can live on ______.
  • The first organisms are called ______.
  • ______are able to survive in
    ______conditions with ______nutrients.

1

Second Stage

Third Stage

Fourth Stage

Fifth Stage

1

CLIMAX COMMUNITIES
  • If environmental ______in an ecosystem remain ______over
    long periods of time, the same ______of plants and animals that make
    up that ______continue to live and ______together.
  • These ______plant and animal ______make up a
    ______or ______community.
  • There is a ______within the ______and the
    ______.
  • A ______remains until a drastic environmental
    ______occurs.
  • Storm, Forest Fire, Flood, Volcanic Eruption
  • The ______of climax community is determined by the
    ______factors of the area.
ECOSYSTEM STABILITY
  • Under ______environmental conditions, the ______of
    organisms in naturally occurring populations remains ______
    (______), with only ______periodic ______.
  • A ______ecosystem will be able to ______invasion by
    potential ______.
  • A ______ecosystem will be able to resist change in the face of
    ______.
  • A more ______ecosystem will be more ______.

1