Integrated Chem/Physics

Chapter 14 - Homework. pg. 330-332. Vocab. # 1, 3-8, 10-12. Concepts # 1, 3-5, 8, 11, 16-17, 19. Problems # 2-6, 7 (a).

Vocab.

1. mass number

3. nucleus

4. electron

5. neutron

6. atomic number

7. radioactive

8. isotopes

10. quantum theory

11. spectral line

12. spectroscope

Concepts

1. The results from his gold foil experiment showed helium ions passing through the gold foil. A few were deflected from a tiny concentrated and dense core at the center.

3. Thompson’s model proposed that electrons were scattered throughout an atom made of protons and neutrons. *see above for Rutherford’s model.

4.

Particle / Location in Atom / Charge / Relative Mass
Electron / Outside nucleus / - 1 / 1
Proton / In nucleus / +1 / 1836
Neutron / In nucleus / 0 / 1839

5. Strongest à to à weakest

Strong nuclear force > electric force > weak nuclear force > gravity

8. For a neutral atom, # proton = # neutron

11. Electron is responsible for how chemicals bond, and protons are responsible for identifying the element. The number of protons (or atomic number) is unique to each individual element. Either explanation or answer applies.

16. ground state – lowest possible energy level

excited state – higher energy level; electron is unstable; will emit energy to fall back to ground state.

17. energy is released in the form of light

19. electrons are so tiny that the use of any form of measurement will change the position of the electron; also, electrons move incredibly fast

Problems

2. +1

3. Atom A: a. chlorine

b. 17

c. number of protons + number of neutrons = 35

Atom B: a. calcium

b. 20

c. 40

Atom C: a. copper

b. 29

c. 63

Atom D: a. bromine

b. 35

c. 80

4. a. 15

b. 7

c. neutral, so electrons must balance out protons, so 7 electons

5. a. 10

b. 4

c. 4

d. 6

6. a. 234

b. 90

c. 90

d. 144

7. a. 6 to 2 (or 5 to 2)