INORGANIC CHEMISTRY GUIDED NOTES
______smallest particle of an element that retains the characteristics of that element.
______the most simple chemical substance.
Arranged in the ______
______(vertical) and ______(horizontal)
Each element is identified via ______abbreviation
Structure of an Atom
Composed of a ______which contains ______(p+)
and ______(n0) Protons + Neutrons = ______
# protons = ______
Surrounded by ______(smaller particles) w ______(e-) charges.
Travel in regions called ______
_____in 1st shell; _____in 2nd shell; _____in 3rd shell
Crash course on the Periodic Table
Columns go ______Rows go ______
______are left of the zigzag, ______
to the right (except ______)
Elements are ______, which means the number of
______MUST EQUAL the number of ______
Column # tell you valence shell electron # (i.e. their ______)
Valence shell electrons are the ______electrons on an atom.
HELIUM / 2 - 0 / MAGNESIUM / 12
LITHIUM / ALUMINUM / 2 – 8 - 3
CARBON / 6 / SILICON
NITROGEN / 2 - 5 / PHOSPHORUS / 15
OXYGEN / SULFUR
FLUORINE / CHLORINE / 2 – 8 - 7
NEON / 10 / ARGON
IONIC BONDING
Elements become ______when they have a ______valence
electron shell; 2, 8, 18, etc
With elements only 1 or 2 electrons away from a ______
will ______or ______electrons.
Bonds between ______and ______
The ______between elements keeps them ______(ions)
Compound – atoms held together by ______
Common Bonds in Biology
______are the most common in Biology.
Organic in biology means ______
______atoms of the same element that contain
different numbers of ______
Bonding - Covalent
When elements have ______electrons to gain or lose, they elect
to ______electrons! Saves energy, easier to do than to steal!
Occurs between ______Water uses covalent bonds.
______atoms held together by covalent bonds.
Properties of Water
Consists of 1 Oxygen atom and 2 Hydrogen atoms per 1 water ______
Water resists ______change (______)
Has three ______: Solid (ice), liquid, gas (vapor)
Carries substances via ______
Serves as material transportation; ______, ______
Water makes up ______% of organisms.
Cycles through the ______and eliminated out of the body
Hydrogen Bonds
Water – a ______ ______
Means it has a slightly positive (+) end and a slightly negative (-) end.
Because of its polarity…
Bonds to other water molecules through ______
- Holds large molecules like ______together
Sticks together (+ and – attract) to create a ______
via ______
Water is a good ______
Water can ______creep up tubes via ______
- From ground to tops of trees.
- The meniscus in a graduated cylinder
Organisms need to maintain a certain concentration for life processes, called
______
Mixtures
A mixture is a combination of substances where both substances keep their
______
______mixed, not chemically mixed.
Solution – one or more substances (______) are distributed
evenly in another substance (______) (water)
The more solute in a solvent, the ______the ______
Organisms need to maintain a certain concentration for ______, called homeostasis.
______– mixtures of water and non-dissolved particles
Example: Blood
pH Scale
pH – a measure of how ______or ______something is.
Use pH paper to test
Acidic range is ______Acids form H+ ions in water
Example: Lemon (2)
______is 7
Example: Pure water and blood (7)
Basic range ______
Bases form OH- ions in water
Example: Ammonia (12)
______ – weak acids and weak bases that react with strong acids or bases to prevent sudden changes in pH.
______HCl + NaOH → HOH + NaCl