«If I had second life,
I would give it all to globular lightning research...»
P.L. Kapitsa
ENERGY STATES SUPERFLUIDITY: «TUNGUS WONDER» And GLOBULAR LIGHTNING
(Abridged paper published in May 31, 2007)
© Verin О.G.
Even after Nicola Teslas death already many decades the mysterious experiments of great physicist excite minds of scientists and are lively discussed in a mass media. In particular, the version was stated that Tungus catastrophe of 1908 was caused by N. Teslas experiments.
How the events of June 30, 1908 developed?
In the morning, at 7 hours 14 minutes of local time, above extensive territory of Central Siberia between Lower Tungus River and Lena River approximately in a northwest direction a large sphere - fire-ball was flown. Its flight was accompanied by sound and light effects and was completed by great explosion with subsequent continuous throw down of a taiga. The explosion has taken place at height about 5-10 kilometers and was attended by earthquake and potent air wave.
The trotyl equivalent of Tungus explosion (10 - 40 Megatons), unconditionally, is very great. It can be compared to explosion of a hydrogen charge or with simultaneous explosion of thousand atomic charges similar to those USA have completely destroyed Japanese towns Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
The local evenk-hunters told about such appearances, as a fountain, spurting from under ground, of water on a Southern swamp, appearance of new springs in district of the Chamba River, about "the burning water", flashing stones, "dry river" etc.
The explosion was brightest, culmination, but not unique episode in a complex course of abnormal appearances observed in the summer 1908.
Many-sided «Tungus phenomenon» has generated a great number of catastrophe hypotheses. One of hypotheses, having great number of the supporters, states, that there was no fall neither meteorite nor comet. Explosion and all the sum of abnormal appearances were caused by a potent plasmoid.
What can explain a plasmoid hypothesis?
1. Energy equivalent of the explosion (30 Mt) can be accumulated in the ionized plasma structure, at its diameter about 500 meters that meets the eyewitness’s testimonies about a huge fire-ball size.
2. The trajectory of plasmoid, similarly to a globular lightning, can vary during flight that explains evidence’s discrepancy about fire-ball flight direction.
3. The sound and light effects during plasmoid flight are caused by electromagnetic appearances, that significally differs from effects, bound with a ballistic wave and eliminates existing inconsistencies.
4. The plasmoid explosion explains origin of a fire in taiga.
5. The electromagnetic appearances accompanying plasmoid flight and explosion, apparently, can cause geomagnetic effects which can not be explained within the framework of the meteoritic version.
6. Plasmoid version explains frustration of attempts to find visible tracks of meteoritic substance in explosion region.
But it is not complete listing, but only most important items.
How it is possible to explain the fundamental nature of a plasmoid self-organizing? And first of all it is necessary to be set by a problem, how it is possible to explain its long-lived existence? The time of plasma recombination is about one thousandth of second!
But at first there is some history.
To the present time becomes more and more obvious, that «the scientific conceptions» are not capable to explain a lot "of “mysterious” physical phenomena, including the nature of a globular lightning (GL).
Principally it happened because physicists could not develop important ideas spoken by the great scientists Einstein and Feynman.
We say about the necessity to develop the electromagnetic substance theory (fundamental particles) and about search of generous physical mechanisms defining quantum-mechanical laws of a microcosm.
Einstein spoke that fundamental particles of substance are «thickenings of electromagnetic field». He skeptically said about quantum mechanics (« hardly god plays in a bone, determining the future »), pointing on intermediate character of a quantum theory, in which basis should be not only probability and statistical methods, but also concrete physical processes.
On the other hand, Feynman (together with John Wheeler) has offered a hypothesis that the interaction between electrons is carried out half through leaving, and half through coming waves, it means the existence around electrons of standing waves. Calculations made by the Feynman and Wheeler have confirmed a capability of their idea.
The analysis of these Einstein and Feynman ideas and also the different applications are interpreted in my books [Верин О.Г. Динамика вакуума и солитонная теория элементарных частиц. М. РТ-Пресс. 2002 г.; Верин О.Г. Природа элементарных частиц, квантовая теория и Великое Объединение. М. Контур-М. 2005 г.; Верин О.Г. Энергия. Вещество и поле. М. Контур-М. 2006 г.].
What are the nuts and bolts? The standing waves around particles of substance significally influence self-organizing and substance properties. The standing waves are not "free", they are bound to substance and determine character of interactions.
It is logical to name these waves, to not invent the new terms, as longitudinal electromagnetic waves, seeing that in a quantum theory formalism are represented special ("nonphysical") longitudinal waves.
Feynman idea enables to explain a lot of physical appearances, including the origin of the special state of substance, which, undoubtedly, takes place in case of a globular lightning, and also the derivation of other similar plasmoids.
What is the fundamental nature of the «special state of substance»?
Its most important feature is dominating influence of longitudinal waves on substance.
Under what conditions appears such state of substance?
1. at low temperatures. In this conditions energy of thermal movement is so small, that the longitudinal waves are able to "subordinate" properties of substance having formed a common resonance in the appropriate volume of substance.
Such state examples are superfluidity and superconductivity. The common resonance of longitudinal waves in substance creates new and tremendously effective transmission channel of energy (and, therefore, and mass!). An electromagnetic mass (call to mind Einstein idea) is practically instantaneously transferred by this common longitudinal field. As a result an effect of superfluidity and superconductivity appears.
The figure schematically shows the special state of substances named in a quantum theory as Bose condensate.
The quantum mechanics features this state (Bose condensate) by means of a wave function, not uncovering a physical nature of natural phenomenon.
The superconductor, similarly to a resonator, implies a common resonance of longitudinal waves and electrons, correlated with this field, (in crests of waves). In this state the usual moving misses. "Moving" of electrons is “realized” by transferring of electromagnetic energy (electromagnetic mass) carried out by common longitudinal field.
One more example is «the Fortov crystals». For brevity we shall so name the ordered frames of thin dust-like particles, charged up to hundreds elementary charges, for example, by an exposure to the ultraviolet radiation. In this case thermal motion energy appears insignificant in matching with electrostatic energy of particles that enables a longitudinal field to spread a resonance to all volume and to create this unusual dust chip. Let's remind that experiments under the guidance of V.E. Fortov (В.Е. Фортов) recently carried out on the spacecraft (to exclude the effect of gravitation destroying Crystals).
2. The special state of substance can take place at sharp increase of longitudinal waves intensity (as a result of the most different processes), enabling to overcome influence of thermal motion and to determine substance properties even at high temperatures. This process takes place in plasmoids such as globular lightning. Therefore it is convenient to name the special state of substance in a globular lightning as high-temperature macroscopic quantum-mechanical effect.
It is important that a common longitudinal field can be bound not only with an internal field of particles (their mass), as in case of a superfluidity and superconductivity, but also with excited energy levels of atoms and molecules of substance. As a result we have an unusual superfluidity (Bose condensate) of energy states.
What processes take place in a globular lightning?
We already know that the common resonance of longitudinal electromagnetic waves is very effective energy mediator. Let's suppose that in a plasmoid there was a recombination of an electron with an ion of plasma. Energy thus is not radiated, and passes to a common resonance of longitudinal waves, which "transports" it in an energy favorable place and causes an ionizing event of other atom. Similar processes provide plasmoid moving in space, at which the mass of substance is not carried away with it. Moreover, this mechanism of moving (energy states superfluidity) allows a globular lightning to penetrate through very small holes and even through glass, not destroying it. Similar cases, as is known, were repeatedly evidenced by the eyewitnesses.
Outgoing from the surveyed mechanism, the appearance of a globular lightning from sockets or electro instruments - one of the most frequently observed cases can be absolutely logically explained. Electromagnetic fields, in this case, longitudinal waves are transmitted by wire, and the globular lightning (or fragments of a linear lightning), absorbed in one place, appears in absolutely other place. Energy in the initial place passes to the mediator - longitudinal electromagnetic field, and, arriving to other extremity of a transmitting line, will gradually derivate a plasmoid. The process really reminds puffing out of a soap bubble, which, having reached a particular size, comes off and prolongs the "independent" existence.
The common resonance of longitudinal waves is fixing a position of particles in maximums of a field, "saving" plasmoid energy.
That’s why spectators, as a rule, do not sense near to a globular lightning any considerable thermal effect.
Besides the linking effect, resonance of longitudinal waves in plasmoid provides interfacial tension reminding that in fluids, that so amazes the eyewitnesses. Plasmoids, as a rule, "tend" to receive the spherical form, and by destroying influence can be divided into two or several "globules", or on the contrary, separated "globules" can unite.
Apparently, the model we have drawn mirrors only most essential features. Actually processes are much more complex. Atoms and molecules have many excited energy levels and different potentials of ionization. Therefore, the longitudinal field bound with them has waves lengths which considerably differ from each other. The considerable proportion of gas molecules can appear not "enveloped" in longitudinal field resonance or can “belong” to different resonances simultaneously existing in plasmoid.
It makes clear reasons of different sort instabilities existing in plasmoids. Energy is partially lost to radiation and transmitted between existing resonances. Through these processes the plasmoid can change its color and sizes, and time of its existence is limited.
The derivation and increase of longitudinal waves intensity is already going on in the channel of a linear lightning. Therefore in most cases globular lightnings happen immediately after a linear lightning. Moreover, sometimes globular lightning derivates as though by winding in a skein (shrinkage) of usual lightning channel leftovers.
Figuratively speaking, the globular lightning is "omnivorous"! It can get energy from external field, residual currents in a thunderstorm atmosphere, electromagnetic radiation and even use anomalously high intensity of longitudinal electromagnetic waves in places of geological breaks or geopathogenic zones.
As to plasmoid electric charge, it is almost certainly caused by a huge mobility difference of plasma components - ions and electrons.
The globular lightning motion depends on energy “searches" and charge effect that makes impression of “reasonable behavior”.
Essential influence on the globular lightning “behavior" provide surrounding longitudinal waves. Their action on nearby subjects radically differs from usual electric field effect.
Therefore globular lightning can move any subject (can tear off boards, roofing slate and so on).
Whether there are experimental facts about longitudinal electromagnetic waves existence in gases?
The researchers from Tomsk University A.V. Enshin (А.В. Еньшин) and V.A. Iliodorov (В.А. Илиодоров) have discovered a special electromagnetic radiation - longitudinal electromagnetic waves [A.V. Enshin, V.A. Iliodorov. Method to change paramagnetic gases properties. The request №93050149, 03.11.93. The patent №2094775 (Russia) 27.10.97.]. A phenomenon was a result of biharmonic laser radiation interaction with air Nitrogen and Oxygen. The detected radiation has no dispersion; phase velocity and group velocity have the same value.
It is one of the first testimonies of reliable experimental obtaining and confirmation of longitudinal electromagnetic waves existence!
Let's note that during these experiments gas molecules accelerated up to 106 m/с2 and shaped a molecular crystal with density about 9 g/см3, that is characteristic for rigid bodies. It means that there was a self-organized gas squeezing (more than four orders) and unknown crystal derivation! It also proves longitudinal wave’s ability to form structures.
Therefore it is not astonishing, that in Tungus district there can be discovered most unexpected finds.
What’s going on close to a globular lightning?
Many eyewitnesses testify, that GL causes a state of a stupor, and the muscle affords do not give usual result. Apparently, that it is not only due to fright, but, mainly, to the longitudinal waves ability to capture particles and to stop their motion. Many cases are known, when near GL clocks stopped, and electronic equipment failed. It also is essential not to disregard the circumstance, that all animate nature functioning is largely based on longitudinal electromagnetic waves. It explains many unique abilities of living organisms.
Let's recollect one of the most significant longitudinal wave’s properties. Great intensity standing waves can capture and stop electrical current carrier’s motion. The eyewitnesses mention engine turnovers decrease when submarine was near to UFO that testifies to longitudinal waves «involvement» in the appearance. For the same reason electronic devices fail and UFO have psychotropic influence upon people.
The conclusion is quite obvious. Some UFO can without any doubt be classified as plasmoids based on longitudinal waves resonance. In favor of it speaks their ability to sharp trajectory and speed changes. Longitudinal wave’s preference to derivate standing waves and their “association” with substance provide these resonances high quality factor (great lifetime).
The story pilot-tester told in a telecast is rather characteristic. The matter was that during flight of the plane straight before plane at the pace completely unexpected UFO disk appeared. Attempting to avoid direct collision, the pilot made maneuver, however the plane wing touched a flashing “rod”, which went out from UFO downwards in the direction of earth. The pilot did not feel shock, but the flashing “rod” was scattered by scintillas reminding fireworks. The plane successfully has landed.