I. Objectives
1. Skills:
1)reading: read for the main ideas in paragraphs, understand the paragraphs supported by details,examples.
2)writing: understand how to support the general statement with details and examples and how to use questions to introduce a topic
3)listening: understand passages talking about how to make a good impression, listen for the main idea and major details, learn how to deal with the new words in the listening materials
4)speaking: talk about the importance of first impression and the ways of making a good impression on others, prastise the conversational skills about how to express regret and about how to show sympathy
2. Vocabulary development
1)Words : instant, assume, acquaint, partial, aggressive, resentful, status, aspiration, project, promote, conviction, economic, rigid, norm
2)Expressions: to make up our minds about, a chain of reactions, to rangefrom…to…,an encounter with a stranger,to (be) focus(ed) sth.on, to read sb,to hold the interest of others,to form an impression about sb.,to (be) base(d) sth. on,to be committed to, to be absorbed in, to impress sb. with, to fix one’s eyes on / upon , to drive everyone crazy,to be at one’s best, to change from one situation to another,to match their words, three words into the sentence, to break eye contact,to be like going into a lion’s cage,to keep my eye on the lion,to get to me, to take … too seriously,with one’s whole being ,lighten up, lack of, in relation to, pick up,in part, account for, feel at home, be content with, a wealth of
3. Grammar
1.Typical patterns for starting a topic through evidence or questions
2.Typical patterns for argumentation through a list of examples
3.Typical patterns for argumentation through“if” clause
II. Teaching Arrangement
1.Total class time for this unit: 8 periods
2. Suggested arrangement:
1) pre-reading activities: 15'
2)understanding the structure of text A: 25'
3) detailed study of the language: 30'
4) grammar: 20'
5) exercises: 35'
6) reading skills: 15'
7) detailed study of the language of text B: 30'
8) writing skills: 10'
9) comprehensive exercises: 45'
10) supplementary reading and vocabulary exercises: 45'
11) listening : 90’
III. Pre-reading Activities
Qestions and Answers
1. How long does it take us to judge the people we meet?
2. How do we judge a person?
3.How can we make a good impression on others?
4. What is the key to being the best person you can be?
IV. Understand the Main Idea of the Text and the Devices to Develop It
Main idea of the text ?
When people want to make a good impression, the following advice can be of some help: you are the message; be yourself; use your eyes; and lighten up.
Devices for developing it?
1. Listing (列举法) The writer successfully presents the reader his ideas through the device of listing:
He gives his four pieces of advice on “How to Make a Good Impression” by listing and expounding one after another:
You are the message. (Para.3)Be yourself. (Para. 6)Use your eyes. (Para.10)Lighten up. (Para. 12)
2. Questioning（设问法）The writer presents and expounds his ideas by asking a list of questions, thus arousing an active echo in the reader’s mind, and then bringing the reader round to his ways of thinking.
3. Exemplification (举例法)Exemplification is applied to make the author’s advice or opinion more authentic and persuasive. And it is employed in the second part of the article as follows:(Para.3) (Para.12-13)
V. Understand the main idea of each part and the devices to develop it
Part I (Para.1-2)
Main idea : Research shows that we make up our minds about people through unspoken communication within seven seconds of meeting them.
Devices to develop it:
Listing (列举法)
Consciously or unconsciously, we show our true feelings with ______, _____, ______and ______, causing a chain of reactions, ranging from ______to ____.
Questioning (设问法)
Set a scene:Focus on the first seven seconds.
What did you feel and think?
Part II(Para.3-14)
Main idea:The four qualities we can use to impress others：you are the message; be yourself; use your eyes; lighten up
Devices to develop it:
Deduction (演绎法)
General statement 1 :
Be yourself.
Specific deduction:
Many how-to books advise you to stride into a room and impress others with your qualities. They instruct you to greet them with “power handshakes” and tell you to fix your eyes on the other person. If you follow all this advice. You’ll drive everyone crazy ―including yourself.
Part III(Para.15)
Main idea: We all have within ourselves the power to make a good impression. Just be ourselves and we’ll make it.
Devices to develop it:
Induction through Questions & Answers (归纳法Paragraph 15)
VI. Understand expressions and patterns
A. Expressions:
1.to make up our minds about sb. 1)对某人的判断 2) 决心， 断定make up one’s mind to do sth/ make up one’s mind that ...;2. a chain of reactions 一连串的反应;3. range from…to…： 从……到…… cf vary from…to…;4. an encounter with a stranger 与陌生人的一次邂逅;5. to (be) focus(ed) sth. on 把(精力/注意力)集中于;6. to read sb. 解读某人7. to hold the interest of others 吸引住他人的兴趣8. to form an impression about sb. 对某人形成一种印象9. to (be) base(d) sth. on以……为某事的基础10. to be committed to sth/doing sth 致力于……be devoted to, be dedicated to,11. to be absorbed in集中精神，专注于……be caught up in, be involved in, be lost in, be engaged in, be immersed in12. to impress sb. with以……给某人留下深刻印象leave/ make a (good, deep) impression on sb. (with sth.), impress sb. with sth./impress sth. on sb.13. to fix one’s eyes on / upon 目不转睛地注视…… 14. to drive everyone crazy使所有的人都受不了15. to be at one’s best处于全盛时期，在最佳状态 cf to be at one’s worst16. to change from one situation to another随着情况的变化而改变17. to match their words (他们的音调和手势)与所说的话一致18. three words into the sentence一句话刚说了几个字……19. to break eye contact中断目光接触20. to be like going into a lion’s cage 就像走进了一个狮子笼21. to keep my eye on the lion注视着那头狮子 cf to keep an eye on sth.22. to get to me走到我身边23. to take … too seriously对……过于认真
24. with one’s whole being 全身心25. believe something over something相信…胜过…26. lighten up使轻松愉快
B. Patterns for you to use as models
1. Typical patterns for starting a topic through evidence or questions
1) A large body of research (evidence / study / facts / experience / data) show(s) (proves / suggests / indicates)that…(从句--Topic) 大量的研究（证据/ 研究/事实/经验/数据）显示（证明/表明），……
2) Do sth. Question 1, 2, 3…做某事（设定情景） ¢围绕此情景设问（引出话题）
应用: 想一想毕业后的职业追求。哪种职业可以充分发挥你的专业技能？哪种职业可帮助你实现你的人生价值？哪种职业可确保你名利双收？这些是所有在校大学生将要面临的问题。Set your mind on the pursuit of careers upon graduation. Which career will give full play to your professional skills? Which career will help realize your life value? Which career will ensure both fame and wealth for you? These are the questions all the undergraduates will have to be faced with.
2. Typical patterns for argumentation through a list of examples
1) Sb. does one thing, does another thing, …(a list of examples). The secret / basic problem is that…（作者的观点）
应用: 你可以梦想当一名土木工程专家，当一名生物学家，甚至当一名地球物理学家。但根本的问题是你有什么条件去圆一个又一个的梦。You can dream of becoming a civil engineering expert, a biologist and even a geophysicist. But the basic problem is what qualities you have to realize one after another of your dreams.
2) Sb. / Sth. is the same (Sb. does sth.)whether …, … or …(a list of examples). 无论是……时，……时， 还是……时，某人／ 某物的表现是一样的（某人仍做某事）
应用:不论他身体是否舒适，不论天气是好是坏，也不论其他人是否能按时到办公室上班，我的父亲总是很守时。
My father is always punctual whether he is sick or not, the weather is nasty or not, or the others can make it to the office on time or not.
3) Whether …, … or …, always remember to do sth. 不管……, ……, 还是……, 始终记住要……应用: 不管在事情进展得顺利时，还是在事情进展得不顺利时，始终记住你要保持清醒的头脑，避免盲目乐观或过分悲观。Whether things go right or wrong, always remember to keep cool, avoiding blind optimism or undue pessimism.
3. Typical patterns for argumentation through“if” clause
1) Sb. will (not) do sth. if / as long as / provided … (说话者的情景设定) 只要/如果……某人就(不)会……
应用:如果你不努力学习的话，你就不会有什么出息。If you don’t work hard at school, you will hardly get anywhere.
2）If / Even if (though) sb. did (even) sth., he / she needs (doesn’t need) to do sth. else. 哪怕／即使某人做了某事，他／她也需要(也不必)做另一事。（提出建议）
应用: 哪怕你只有一门考试过关，你也大可不必灰心丧气。Even if you passed only one of the exams, you don’t need to lose heart.
3）If I did do sth, I certainly wouldn’t do sth. (like that). I would do it (the other way around). 就算我做某事，我肯定不会…... 我会……(现身说法)
应用：就算我追求爱情，我肯定不会只顾沉浸在爱河里而荒废学业。我会将爱情融入我的学习之中。If I did hunt for love, I certainly wouldn’t bathe myself in the river of love all the time, neglecting my studies. I’d integrate my love into my studies.
Unit FourSection B Body Language
I. Reading Skills:
Reading for the Main Ideas in Paragraphs
A paragraph is a group of sentences about the same idea, subject or topic. As you read a paragraph, you look for the key idea that each sentence presents. Adding up these key ideas, you see that each sentence helps build the main idea of the paragraph, the basic subject to which all the sentences connect. In order to understand the information you are reading, you must know what the main idea of the paragraph is.
Clues:
1. The main idea of a paragraph may be clearly stated or may be only implied or suggested. For the present we are only concerned with the main idea of a paragraph, which is clearly stated. We are not going to deal with the paragraphs whose main ideas are implied or suggested.
2.Often one sentence in the paragraph tells the reader exactly what the rest of the paragraph deals with and, therefore, gives the main idea. This main idea sentence may appear in one of several places, such as in the beginning, in the middle or at the end of the paragraph.
Here are some examples taken from Reading Passage A.
Example:
Others will want to be with you and help you if you use your good qualities. They include: physical appearance, energy, rate of speech, pitch and tone of voice, gestures, expression through the eyes, and the ability to hold the interest of others. Others form an impression about you based on these. (Para. 4, Reading Passage A, Unit 4)
Main idea : Make a good impression on others with your good qualities.
II.Language Points:
1.instant: adj. / n. immediate; happening suddenly or at once / the moment立即的，即刻的，瞬间发生的 / 瞬间
instant coffee 速溶咖啡 instant noodles 方便面 the instant 一…… 就
2. lack of: 缺少，缺乏，不足
3. in relation to: 1.有关，关于2.与……相比
cf concerning, as regards, with regard/respect/reference to, regarding, as for/to
4. assume: v. 1) accept or believe that something is true even though you haveno evidence 臆断 ; 2) take up 承担，担任 assume office 就职 assume responsibility 负责 assume an obligation 承担义务 assume a new name 用一个新名字
易混词: consume 消费，消耗 / resume重新开始，继续，恢复
1)同义词辨析:assume, bear, shoulder, undertake vt.
assume 为正式用词，意为“承担……职责”，其宾语往往为表示身份或职位的名词如 the role, office 等。
bear 为常用词，意为“负荷，承担……负担”， 其宾语可以是具体的重物, 亦可以为抽象的重负。
shoulder 为常用词，意为“肩负”，其宾语一般表示抽象的负担或责任的名词如burden,
responsibility 等。
undertake 为正式用词。表示正式接受某项任务，承担某种责任，其宾语为相应的名词。
assume, guess, presume, suppose vt.
assume “假定，假设，想当然的认为”， 指将未证实或尚存在分歧的事情假定为事实或真理作为自己论断的基础，含有较强烈的武断成分，常后接that从句。
guess 指无甚根据的猜测，瞎猜。
presume 指以过去经验作为依据或合乎逻辑的“推测”， 一般是有较充分的理由，虽然结论仍可能是错误的，含有在被否定前假定为事实的意味，常后接动词不定式作宾语补足语或主语补足语。
suppose 为口语用词，常用来陈述自己的意见或建议，猜测的成分最少，可放在句末，作插入语；也可直接用于句首，表示“假如”；还可用于被动语态。
5. acquaint: vt.使相识，使了解
acquaint oneself with … 熟悉, be/become acquainted with…熟悉
6. partial: adj. not complete; biased 部分的，不完全的; 偏向一方的
be partial to sb
反义词：impartial 无偏袒的
7. pick up:1) learn useful information获得 2) taught it 学会
8. in part: to some extent; not completely在某种程度；部分
9. account for: explain or give a reason for 作出解释，提出理由，说明
同义词组：be the reason for, explain, lie behind, give reasons, say why
10. aggressive: adj.1. using or showing force or stress in order to succeed 活跃有为的，积极进取的 2. ready or likely to fight or argue 挑衅的，侵略的
11. resentful: adj. feeling annoyed 充满忿恨的，怨恨不止的
feel very resentful at sth. resent doing sth
12. status: n. your social or work position when compared to other people 地位，身份
易混词: state n. 状态；政府 statue n. 塑像，雕像 stature n. 身材，身高；高境界，高水平 statute n. 章程，规则，条例；法规，法令
13. aspiration : n.(often pl.) a strong desire to have or do something (常用复数 ) 强烈的愿望，志向
她有志于成为一个科学家。 She has aspirations to become a scientist.
14. project: v. 1) show or present 投射, 放映;使呈现特性 2) plan 打算，计划 / n. a plan or secret plan计划，规划
15. promote: v. 1) raise someone to a higher level or position提升，晋升 2) encourage; help the progress of something 促进，增进
promote sb. to … 把某人提升为……, promote the friendship/ the world peace
16. conviction: n. a very strong opinion or belief 坚定的信仰；确信
be open to conviction 愿意服理 carry conviction 颇有道理，有说服力
in the full conviction that…坚信 shake a conviction 动摇信心
a person of strong conviction 有坚定信念的人 返回
17. economic: a. connected with the supply of money, trade, industry, etc.经济的，经济上的
易混词:economic & economical economic 意为“经济的，经济方面的，经济上的，指经济学科范围，与政治相对而言。如：economic crisis 经济危机; economic policies 经济政策 economical 意为“经济的，实惠的”，与节约同义，有“节省的，不浪费之意”。
18. feel/be at home: to feel comfortable 感到无拘束；感到熟悉
19. rigid: adj. strict严格死板的，缺乏变通的; 刚性的
practice rigid economy 厉行节约 be rigid in one’s views 意志坚定 rigid discipline 严格的纪律
20. norm: n. what people normally do or follow 准则
norm 规范，准则; normal 规范的，正常的，师范的; normally规范地，正常地; abnormal不正常的; abnormally不正常地 social norms 社会规范 a normal college / university 师范大学
21. be content with: be satisfied with 对……感到满意
22. a wealth of: a lot of 大量的
a wealth of experience（不可数）, a wealth of examples（可数）
III. Paragraph writing: Explain the importance of sth to sb/sth else.
1.写作模式
Topic Sentence:1) The importance of sth. is now drawing more of our concern than ever before.
Analysis1
2)To begin with, it has a strong hold on … 3)…(进一步阐述)
Analysis2
4)Besides,it serves as a litmus test for… 5)…(进一步阐述)
Analysis3
6) And mostof all,ithas the power to determine whether or not… 7)…(进一步阐述)
Conclusion
8) In short, where there is a better employment of sth., there will be more hope of…（划线部分可替换）
2. Writing Assignment:
A. The Importance of Health
B. The Benefits of Environmental Protection to Us
C. The Harmfulness of Video Games to Us (任选一题)
3.Reference model:
The Importance of Body Language to Our Success in Social Contact1) The importance of body language to our success in social contact is now drawing more of our concern than ever before. 2) To begin with, it has a strong hold on the reactions of others to us . 3) What we tend to show through our eyes, faces, bodies and gestures often brings about a chain of reactions from others, ranging from appreciation to disgust. 4) Besides, it serves asa litmus test(试金石)for our true feelings. 5) Every time we make insincere remarks, our facial expressions, the tones of our voices and even our posture may reveal more to others than our speech. 6) And most of all, it has the power to determine whether or not we will succeed in social contact. 7) If you have a decisive date with a girl / boy and your manners or the way you conduct yourself doesn’t match your social status, for example, your chances of winning the other’s heart will be slim. 8) In short, where there is a better exercise of body language in social contact, there will be more hope of success.
IV.Supplementary Exercises
A. Vocabulary
Directions: For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.
1.The young people are _____ of their responsibility toward society.
A) consistent B) conscious C) sensitive D) sensual
2.The problem with your conduct is that what you do is not _____ with what you say.
A) consistent B) continuous C) considerateD) continual
3.She was so _____ in her job that she didn’t hear someone knocking at the door.
A) attracted B) drawn C) absorbed D) concentrated
4.Professor Taylor’s talk has indicated that science has a very strong _____ on the everyday life of the human society.
A) motivation B) perspective C) impressionD) impact
5. When she was criticized, she claimed that it was outside her _____of responsibility.
A) field B) limit C) extent D) range
6. The world is trying every means to _____the friendship between the two countries.
A) raise B) promote C) arise D) protest
7. Although not an economist himself, Dr.Smith has long been a severe critic of the government’s _____ policies.
A) economical B) economy C) economic D) economics
8. His constant _____ with his peers has left its mark on his growth.
A) consentB) contract C) context D) contact
9. _____ with his new teaching method, we need to take a critical look at our traditional ones.
A) CursedB) Depressed C) Impressed D) Fed up
10. So clear was his _____ of the case that others had no more to say.
A) attitude B) presentation C) comment D) remark
11. When business is in _____, there is usually an obvious increase in unemployment.
A) convictionB) relaxation C) depressionD) competition
12. Don’t take any action until you are fully_____ with the situation there.
A) consentedB) content C) obviousD) acquainted
13.It is said that the math teacher seems_____ towards bright students.
A) liable B) partial C) beneficial D) preferable
14.The clothes a person wears may express his_____ or social position.
A) estate B) stature C) esteem D) status
15._____ with antique furniture, the castle brought us back in time to the Middle Ages.
A) Ornamented B) Covered C) Impressed D) Improved
16. One rainy night the policeman had a chance _____ with a gang of smugglers.
A) acquaintance B) encounter C) account D) interview
17.Newspapers vary greatly in their _____to the government.
A) attitudes B) comments C) viewsD) opinions
18. A defect of vision prevents him from _____ his eyes accurately on an object.
A) emphasizing B) relaxing C) focusingD) achieving
19.In most cases, the _____ of a person who sits on a pin is to leap into the air.
A) reaction B) behavior C) function D) instance
20.Rich as they were in forms, the speaker’s_____ seemed unrelated to his speech.
A) signs B) gestures C) symptomsD) symbols
21. He built the team through both hard training and _____ discipline.
A) loose B) physical C) rigid D) slack
22.We were depressed _____ the bad news.
A) at B) in C) for D) on
23. She was delighted in _____ of friends and relatives.
A) accommodationB) entertainmentC) convictionD) commitment
24. The days when he was _____ his best is already a thing of the past.
A) in B) on C) with D) at
25. Some people are not willing to ____responsibility for the errors they made.
A) ensureB) assure C) assume D) resume
26. I speak in full _____ that our cause is just.
A) conclusionB) assumption C) convictionD) determination
27. Animals can become unusually _____ when they are upset by a sudden environment change.
A) puzzlingB) dominant C) aggressive D) vigorous
28.Try to _____ your mind into the future and imagine what life will be like then.
A) subjectB) object C) project D) reject
29.The wife felt so angry at the husband’s dominance that she could remain _____ no longer.
A) positive B) passive C) optimisticD) pessimistic
30. Computer software _____ some 70 percent of our range of products.
A) picks up B) focuses on C) accounts for D) is based on
Key: b a c d d b c d c b c d b d a b a c a b C a b d c c c c b c
B. Reading comprehension
Passage 1
______. A person who has drunk too much beer gets into a strange state called drunkenness. This state is marked either by an unpleasant feeling of balance, or by falling asleep. Either of these problems is dangerous for drivers. On the road, a drunk driver is too dizzy to pay attention to traffic signs, and his lack of control may lead him to run a stop sign, exceed the speed limit, or swerve his car. As a result, he may either hit another car or a person. It is very likely that he will crash his car, and often he will kill or injure himself and others.
1.Which of the following is the best topic sentence for this paragraph?
a.Drinking is a bad habit.
b.Drunken driving often leads to traffic accidents.
c.Drivers should be prohibited from drinking.
d.Drinking brings about unpleasant feelings.
Passage 2
______. We are awakened by electric alarm clocks and music pouring from our radio; we operate our toaster (烤面包机), brush our teeth with an electric toothbrush, and shave with an electric razor. We read the day’s headlines from newspapers printed on huge electric presses, and we write a letter on our electric typewriter before leaving for work to operate a computer and word processor （处理机）.
2．Which of the following is the best topic sentence for this paragraph?
a.New inventions have changed our way of life.
b.Information plays an important role in our lives.
c.Electric devices have come into our lives.
d.Modern life is colorful.
Passage 3
Procrastinators are people who have a chronic habit(痼习) of putting things off, usually until the last minutes and sometimes until it is too late altogether. The most common reason that procrastinators themselves give for their habit, which they are usually quite willing to talk about even if not willing to change, is that they are lazy. Other typical（典型）excuses（借口）are that they are brilliant（优秀）but disorganized, or very poor at organizing their time.
Some procrastinators, however, almost against their very nature, actually get as far as trying to do something about their problem and seek help. Recent research with such people seems to suggest that their difficulties are much more complex than the procrastinators themselves think. The general conclusions are that such people have a vulnerable（脆弱的）sense of self-worth, are particularly fearful of failure, and deliberately（蓄意）put things off precisely so that they never leave themselves time to produce their best work. The reason for their delaying tactics（策略）is that, since they do everything at the last moment and under pressure, the procrastinators can keep their illusion(幻想) of brilliance without ever having to put it to the test.
3. The main idea in the first paragraph is ______.
a.the nature of procrastination
b.the character of procrastinators
c.that disorganization is the procrastinator’s main problem
d.the reasons procrastinators give for their behavior
4.The main idea in the second paragraph is ______.
a.how procrastinators have an illusion of brilliance
b.how procrastinators seek help
c.research findings regarding procrastinators
d.that procrastinators always leave everything until the last moment.
5.A suitable title for this passage might be ______.
a.The Chronic Habit of Procrastination
b.Procrastination: Excuses and Reality
c.Disorganization, the True Cause of Procrastination
d.Procrastination: Never Do Today What You Can Put Off Until Tomorrow
6.With which of the following would the author be most likely to agree?
a.Procrastinators are usually unaware of the true causes of their procrastination.
b.Laziness and poor organization of time are the major causes of procrastination .
c.One thing most procrastinators do is seek help for their problem.
d.A procrastinator would automatically fail any real test of his brilliance.
7.Of all of the following ideas that appear in the passage, which do you think the author give most importance to?
a.Some procrastinators seek help for their problem.
b.Procrastinators, in general, put off things deliberately so as to avoid a real test.
c.Procrastinators usually think that they are very bad at organizing their time.
d.Procrastinators sometimes put off things until it is too late.