COURSE OUTLINE

I.COURSE NUMBER AND NAME: VTHT 1413 Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology

II.COURSE DESCRIPTION: The student will learn the gross anatomy of domestic animals including physiological explanations of how each organ system functions. The student will be able to identify and describe the major anatomical and physiological systems of domestic animals and apply this knowledge to common disease processes. (Lecture 56; Lab 40; Ext 0; Total Clock Hours: 96/Semester Credit Hours: 4) Prerequisite: None

III.INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS AND REFERENCES

  1. Required Texts

Colville, Thomas and Bassert, Joanna M., Clinical Anatomy & Physiology for Veterinary Technicians, 3rd Edition, W. B. Saunders, 2016, ISBN 0323008194.

  1. Instructor References

VIN.com

VSPN.org

Jack, Candyce, Watson, Patricia, and Donovan, Mark, Veterinary Technician’s Daily Reference Guide: Canine and Feline 3 edition, Lippincot Williams & Wilkins, 2014, ISBN 0781732026.

Suchocki, John, Conceptual Chemistry, 5th Edition, Addison Wesley, 2013, ISBN0805332286.

  1. Equipment and Materials

:

Handouts, videos, pictures, slides, canine skeleton (assembled), feline skeleton (unassembled), cats for dissection of muscles and organs.

IV.COURSE OBJECTIVES

HOMEWORK: Students are expected to spend approximately 7.5 hours per week, on average, completing homework assignments in order to achieve the learning outcomes for this course.

Upon completion of the course, the student will be able to:

Identify the major structures of a cell and explain their function.

Identify types of tissue and where each is located in the animal body.

Identify bones of the body by their proper names, identify types and location of joints, and recognize various pathological diseases of bones and skeletal systems.

Describe the mechanics of muscle contraction, identify specified superficial and deep muscles and internal organs while dissecting a cat.

Explain nerve impulse conduction, identify the structures and makeup of the brain and spinal cord, and identify and know the actions of major nerve bundles.

 Identify the structure and organs involved in circulation, describe blood flow through the heart, and become familiar with pathologic disorders of the circulatory system.

 Identify the structures and organs involved in respiratory functions, explain the mechanics of gas exchange, and become familiar with pathologic disorders of the respiratory system.

 Identify and describe the functions of organs of the digestive system, including absorption, secretion, and excretory functions.

 Identify the structures of the renal system and discuss the formation of urine by the kidneys and blood flow through and around the kidneys and their supportive units.

 Identify the structures of the male and female reproductive system and explain the physiology and functions of the reproductive organs.

 Identify the structures and functions of the integumentary system and sensory organs.

V.TEACHING STRATEGIES

  1. Lecture and discussion.
  2. Videos.
  3. Slides.
  4. Unassembled cat skeleton.
  5. Assembled dog skeleton.
  6. Cat dissection.

VI.STANDARDS AND MEASUREMENTS OF ACHIEVEMENT

When determining the student’s final grade, the following relative weights will be used:

  1. Quizzes/Classwork/Homework40%
  2. Tests/Final40%
  3. Labs 20%

Grading Scale

GradeNumerical EquivalentQuality Points

A90-1004.00

B80-893.00

C70-792.00

D60-691.00

FBelow 600.00

VII.TOPIC OUTLINE

Week 1

Objectives: The student will be able to:

  1. Define terminology used.
  2. Explain the language of anatomy and physiology as used with cells, tissues, organs, and systems.
  3. Explain the different planes and directional terminology used in describing disease.

Instructor Activities:

  1. Handout on terms/lecture.
  2. Assign reading Chapter 1, pages 1-8, Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology, and Chapter 2, pages 9-38, Chemical Basis for Life
  3. Use stuffed animal to illustrate different planes and directional terms.
  4. Use models to illustrate different planes of the animal’s body.
  5. Prepare test on planes and directional terms.

Student Activities:

  1. Homework: Study notes on terminology of planes and directional terms.
  2. Homework: Read Chapter 1, pages 1-8, and Chapter 2, pages 9-38.
  3. Homework: Complete test questions for Chapter 1 and Chapter 2.
  4. Homework: Watch video on directional terms.
  5. Homework: Complete an observation paper over video.
  6. Homework: Discuss different planes and directional terms by use of a stuffed animal.
  7. Homework: Use models to help understand different planes.
  8. Homework: Prepare for quiz.
  9. Homework: Take quiz on planes and directional terms.

Weeks 2 and 3

Objectives: The student will be able to:

  1. Identify cell structures and components.
  2. Discuss and understand cellular transport mechanisms.
  3. Discuss and understand energy formation and use.
  4. Discuss and understand cell reproduction, DNA structure and replication, RNA structure and transcription, and function in protein formation.
  5. Discuss and understand the difference between mitosis and meiosis.
  6. Discuss and understand the stages of embryology.
  7. Discuss and understand tissue types and locations.

Instructor Activities:

  1. Handout/lecture on the amazing cell.
  2. Assign reading Chapter 3, pages 39-89.
  3. Hand out diagram of the cell and its parts.
  4. Handout/lecture on cell mechanics and mitosis and meiosis.
  5. Assign reading Chapter 4, pages 90-130.
  6. Lecture on tissues.
  7. Prepare for cell test, include written and practical in form of diagrams.

Student Activities:

  1. Homework: Take notes on the amazing cell.
  2. Homework: Read Chapter 3, pages 39-89.
  3. Homework: Homework: Fill out diagram in class.
  4. Homework: Complete test questions over Chapter 3.
  5. Homework: Homework: Take notes on cell mechanics, mitosis, and meiosis.
  6. Homework: Draw and label the stages of mitosis and meiosis.
  7. Homework: Read Chapter 4, pages 90-130.
  8. Homework: Study notes on tissues.
  9. Homework: Complete test questions over Chapter 4.
  10. Homework:Prepare for test.
  11. Homework: Take cell test.

Weeks 4 and 5

Objectives: The student will be able to:

  1. Identify and discuss bone structure, including cell types and function.
  2. Identify and discuss skeletal terms.
  3. Explain the steps in bone fracture repair.
  4. Explain bone classifications and functions and be able to give examples of each.
  5. Explain the difference between the axial and appendicular skeleton.
  6. Discuss the different joint types, motion terms, and joint motions.
  7. Discuss common pathologies of bones and joints.

Instructor Activities:

  1. Handout/lecture on the skeletal system.
  2. Assign reading Chapter 6, pages 153-190.
  3. Discuss and identify different bones using the assembled canine skeleton.
  4. Pass out unassembled feline skeleton for students to work on in groups.
  5. Handout/lecture on different types of joints, motion, terms, etc.
  6. Discuss fracture repair and pathologies of bones.
  7. Prepare written skeletal test.
  8. Prepare practical skeleton test.

Student Activities:

  1. Homework: Study notes on skeletal system.
  2. Homework: Read Chapter 6, pages 153-190.
  3. Homework: Complete test questions over Chapter 6.
  4. Homework: Identify different bones using the assembled canine skeleton.
  5. Homework: Identify different bones using the disassembled canine skeleton.
  6. Homework: Practice identifying the bones from the disassembled feline skeleton.
  7. Homework: Draw and label the parts of a bone.
  8. Homework: Watch video over bone formation.
  9. Homework: Complete questions over video.
  10. Homework: Watch video over muscle types and formations
  11. Homework: Take notes on different types of joint motions.
  12. Homework: Take notes and discuss pathologies of bones, including fracture repair.
  13. Homework: Take written skeletal test.
  14. Homework: Take practical skeletal test.

Weeks 6 and 7

Objectives: The student will be able to:

  1. Identify location of major muscle groups.
  2. Identify different types of muscles: smooth, skeletal, and striated.
  3. Discuss how a muscle contracts.
  4. Discuss electrical properties of muscles.
  5. Discuss terms pertaining to muscles.

Instructor Activities:

  1. Handout/lecture on anatomy of muscles and major muscle groups.
  2. Assign reading Chapter 7, pages 191-204; read Cat Dissection Guide.
  3. Lecture/discussion on muscle contraction.
  4. Lecture/discussion on electrical properties of muscles.
  5. Lecture/discuss terms pertaining to muscles.
  6. Set up cat dissection with students in groups.
  7. Show video on cat dissection.
  8. Prepare written muscle test.
  9. Prepare practical muscle test.

Student Activities:

  1. Homework: Take notes and discuss anatomy of muscles and major muscle groups.
  2. Homework: Homework: Read Chapter 7, pages 191-204; read Cat Dissection Guide.
  3. Homework: Study notes and discuss muscle contraction.
  4. Homework: Study notes and discuss electrical properties of muscles.
  5. Homework: Study notes and discuss terms for muscles.
  6. Homework: Complete test questions for Chapter 7.
  7. Homework: Homework: Divide in groups for cat dissection.
  8. Homework: Watch video on cat dissection.
  9. Homework: Prepare for test.
  10. Homework: Take written muscle test.
  11. Homework: Take practical muscle test.

Week 8

Objectives: The student will be able to:

  1. Discuss anatomy of the nerve cell.
  2. Explain the different nervous system divisions.
  3. Explain the difference between the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, and autonomic nervous system.
  4. Discuss nerve impulses.
  5. Discuss synapse, types, functions, effects by different drugs.
  6. Explain the effects of anesthetics on the nervous system.
  7. Discuss different types of nerve damage.
  8. Discuss the sense organs.

Instructor Activities:

  1. Handout/lecture on the nervous system.
  2. Assign reading Chapter 13, pages 314-336.
  3. Continue lecturing on the different nervous system divisions.
  4. Continue lecturing on synapses, anesthetic effects, nerve damage, etc.
  5. Prepare written test on nervous system.
  6. Review for midterm.
  7. Prepare test.

Student Activities:

  1. Homework: Study notes and discuss nervous system.
  2. Homework: Read Chapter 13, pages 314-336.
  3. Homework: Complete test questions for Chapter 13.
  4. Homework: Draw and label a neuron.
  5. Homework: Research and compare two anesthetics.
  6. Homework: Watch video over nerve function.
  7. Homework: Complete questions over video.
  8. Homework: Study notes and discuss different nervous system divisions, synapse, anesthetic effects, nerve damage, etc.
  9. Homework: Prepare for test.
  10. Homework: Take written test on nervous system.
  11. Homework: Bring all questions, etc., to review for midterm.

Week 9

Objectives: The student will be able to:

  1. Identify the layers of the heart and their function.
  2. Discuss the blood flow through the heart.
  3. Explain the different blood vessels, valves, and functions.
  4. Explain fetal circulation.
  5. Explain impulse conduction through the heart.
  6. Explain how blood pressure plays a part in the circulatory system.
  7. Discuss the immune system and its relationship to the circulatory system.

Instructor Activities:

  1. Handout/lecture on the heart.
  2. Assign reading Chapter 8, pages 205-219, The Cardiovascular System.
  3. Discuss layers and their function.
  4. Discuss the blood flow through the heart.
  5. Hand out a diagram on the blood flow.
  6. Discuss different blood vessels, valves, and their function.
  7. Discuss fetal circulation.
  8. Discuss impulse conduction.
  9. Discuss the importance of blood pressure.
  10. Discuss the importance of the immune system.
  11. Prepare for cardiovascular system test, include diagram of the blood flow through the heart.

Student Activities:

  1. Homework: Study notes on cardiovascular system.
  2. Homework: Read Chapter 8, pages 205-219, The Cardiovascular System.
  3. Homework: Study notes and discuss layers of the heart and their function.
  4. Homework: Discuss blood flow through the heart.
  5. Homework: Label diagram on blood flow through the heart.
  6. Homework: Complete test questions over Chapter 8.
  7. Homework: Take notes and discuss the different valves, vessels, and their function.
  8. Homework: Study notes and discuss fetal circulation.
  9. Homework: Draw and label fetal circulatory system.
  10. Homework: Study notes and discuss impulse conduction.
  11. Homework: Prepare for test.
  12. Homework: Take written test to include diagram on blood flow through the heart.

Week 10

Objectives: The student will be able to:

  1. Identify structures of the respiratory system and their functions.
  2. Discuss and understand primary and secondary effects of respiration.
  3. Discuss and understand different breathing systems to include ventilating, pulmonary, circulatory, and cellular exchange.
  4. Discuss and understand the mechanics of breathing.
  5. Discuss and understand the respiratory control centers.
  6. Discuss and understand the terms related to respiratory disorders.

Instructor Activities:

  1. Handout/lecture on the respiratory system.
  2. Assign reading Chapter 10, pages 247-263, The Respiratory System.
  3. Hand out diagram of the lungs.
  4. Discuss structures and their functions.
  5. Discuss primary and secondary effects of respiration.
  6. Discuss different breathing systems.
  7. Discuss mechanics of breathing.
  8. Discuss respiratory control centers.
  9. Discuss terms related to respiratory disorders.
  10. Go over lung diagram.
  11. Prepare for written test to include diagram.

Student Activities:

  1. Homework: Study notes on the respiratory system.
  2. Homework: Read Chapter 10, pages 247-263, The Respiratory System.
  3. Homework: Fill out diagram.
  4. Homework: Take notes on structures and functions of the lungs.
  5. Homework: Complete test questions over Chapter 10.
  6. Homework: Take notes and discuss primary and secondary effects of respiration.
  7. Homework: Homework: Take notes and discuss different breathing systems.
  8. Homework: Research respiratory medications and discuss teir role in veterinary medicine.
  9. Homework: Homework: Take notes on the mechanics of breathing.
  10. Homework: Study notes on respiratory control centers.
  11. Homework: Study notes and discuss the different respiratory disorders.
  12. Homework: Go over lung diagram and label it.
  13. Homework: Prepare for test.
  14. Homework: Take written test on respiratory system.

Week 11

Objectives: The student will be able to:

  1. Identify and discuss anatomy and functions of the GI tract.
  2. Identify and know the function of the following: mouth and throat, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, pancreas, large intestine, and liver.
  3. Discuss terms related to gastro-intestinal disorders.
  4. Label a diagram of the different stomachs.

Instructor Activities:

  1. Handout/lecture on the GI system.
  2. Assign reading Chapter 11, pages 264-282, The Digestive System.
  3. Discuss and identify anatomy and the functions of the gastro-intestinal tract.
  4. Hand out diagrams of the human stomach vs. the ruminants stomach.
  5. Lecture on the functions of the mouth, throat, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, pancreas, large intestine, and liver.
  6. Discuss and lecture on terms related to gastro-intestinal disorders.
  7. Prepare written GI/digestive test.
  8. Prepare practical GI/digestive diagrams.

Student Activities:

  1. Homework: Study notes on GI system.
  2. Homework: Read Chapter 11, pages 264-282, The Digestive System.
  3. Homework: Identify and discuss anatomy and functions of the gastro-intestinal tract.
  4. Complete test questions for Chapter 11.
  5. Draw and label parts of the digestive system.
  6. Homework: Fill out diagrams on the different stomachs.
  7. Homework: Study notes on functions of the mouth, throat, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, pancreas, large intestine, and liver.
  8. Homework: Study notes and discuss terms related to gastro-intestinal disorders.
  9. Homework: Prepare for tests.
  10. Homework: Take written GI/digestive test.
  11. Homework: Take practical GI/digestive diagram test.

Week 12

Objectives: The student will be able to:

  1. Identify location and anatomy of the kidney.
  2. Identify different types of functions of the kidney, including filtration, reabsorption, secretion, urine formation, blood flow through the kidney, hormones, and acid-base balance.
  3. Discuss and know terms related to urinary disorders.
  4. Label a diagram on the anatomy of the kidney.

Instructor Activities:

  1. Handout/lecture on anatomy of the kidney and its function.
  2. Assign reading Chapter 16, pages 374-386, The Urinary System.
  3. Lecture/discuss different types of functions including filtration, reabsorption, secretion, urine formation, blood flow through the kidney, hormones, and acid-base balance.
  4. Lecture/discuss terms related to urinary disorders.
  5. Hand out diagram of the kidney.
  6. Prepare written test.
  7. Prepare practical test on identification using diagrams.

Student Activities:

  1. Homework: Study notes and discuss anatomy of the kidney and its function.
  2. Homework: Read Chapter 16, pages 374-386, The Urinary System.
  3. Homework: Study notes and discuss different types of functions including filtration, reabsorption, secretion, urine formation, blood flow through the kidney, hormones, and acid-base balance.
  4. Homework: Complete test questions over Chapter 16.
  5. Homework: Draw and label the parts of the kidney.
  6. Homework: Draw and label the parts of a nephron.
  7. Homework: Watch video over kidney.
  8. Homework: Complete questions over kidney.
  9. Homework: Study notes and discuss terms related to urinary disorders.
  10. Homework: Prepare for test.
  11. Homework: Take written test on kidney.
  12. Homework: Take practical test on kidney identification.

Weeks 13 and 14

Objectives: The student will be able to:

  1. Discuss endocrine function
  2. Understand the concept of “negative feedback”
  3. Discuss anatomy of the male reproductive system.
  4. Explain spermatogenesis.
  5. Explain male reproductive hormones and their functions.
  6. Discuss anatomy of the female reproductive system.
  7. Discuss oogenesis.
  8. Discuss the female estrus cycle.
  9. Explain female hormones and their functions.
  10. Discuss pregnancy, parturition, and lactation.

Instructor Activities:

  1. Handout/lecture on the endocrine system
  2. Assign reading Chapter 15, pages 358-373
  3. Handout/lecture on the male reproductive system.
  4. Assign reading Chapter 17, pages 387-404.
  5. Continue lecturing on the anatomy of the male reproductive system.
  6. Continue lecturing on spermatogenesis, reproductive hormones, and their functions.
  7. Hand out diagram on male anatomy.
  8. Assign reading Chapter 18, pages 405-413
  9. Handout/lecture on female reproductive system,pregnancy, development, and lactation.
  10. Continuing lecturing on anatomy of the female reproductive system.
  11. Continue lecturing on oogenesis, reproductive hormones and their functions, and the estrus cycle.
  12. Hand out diagram on female anatomy.
  13. Prepare written test for both male and female reproductive systems, and pregnancy, development, and lactation.
  14. Prepare practical for both male and female reproductive systems using diagrams.

Student Activities: