HUNTING FOR CAUSES: THE EXPERIMENT
1. Two groups of rats are run on a maze. The time that it takes for each rat to reach the goal box is recorded. One group of rats is deprived of food for 24 hours before being run on the maze. The other group is fed 1 hr. before the maze trials. All other conditions for the two groups are the same. It was found that the rats which were deprived of food for 24 hrs. Prior to each trial ran the maze at a faster rate than those fed 1 hr. before maze trials,
a. The hypothesis is if ______then ______
b. A sentence that describes the relationship of the two variables is that ______depends on ______
c. The dependent variable is the ______
d. The independent variable is the ______
e. The control group is the ______
f. The experimental group is the ______
2. A psychology teacher allowed his third period class to eat snacks while taking an exam. His fourth period class was not allowed to eat snacks while taking the same exam. He found that the class that snacked during the test scored better than the class who was not allowed to eat snacks. Prior to this, both classes averaged comparable exam scores.
a. The hypothesis is if ______then ______
b. A sentence that describes the relationship of the two variables is that ______depends on ______
c. The dependent variable is the ______
d. The independent variable is the ______
e. The control group is the ______
f. The experimental group is the ______
3. Four groups of rats were being conditioned to elicit an escape-avoidance response. Groups 1, 2, and 3 were given 1O, 15 and 20 volts of shock respectively. Group 4 was given no shock. All other conditions were the same for each group. The time it took for each rat to elicit an escape-avoidance response was recorded. It was found that the more shock the rats received, the less time it took for them to learn the escape-avoidance response.
a. The hypothesis is if ______then ______
b. A sentence that describes the relationship of the two variables is that ______depends on ______
c. The dependent variable is the ______
d. The independent variable is the ______
e. The control group is the ______
f. The experimental group is the ______
4. The leading producer of paper products wanted to increase their sales of paper cups. They set up a test program in local supermarkets. Identical 8-ounce paper cups were packaged in two ways-half of the stock was packaged in the present plain boxes while the other half of the stock was packaged in bright, cheery, pastel-colored packages. Sales volume for each type of package was recorded over a period of six-months. At the conclusion of the study, it was found that more paper cups were bought when packaged in the bright, pastel-colored boxes.
a. The hypothesis is if ______then ______
b. A sentence that describes the relationship of the two variables is that ______depends on ______
c. The dependent variable is the ______
d. The independent variable is the ______
e. The control group is the ______
f. The experimental group is the ______
5. Mrs. Benson bought some ivy plants and placed them on her living room windowsills that face the north. Within a few weeks they started to wither. She decided to try something to revive the plants. She left half of the plants on the living room windowsills and took the other half to her bedroom windowsills that face the south. Within a week, the ivy plants that were moved to the bedroom windows revived and began to flourish. The plants in the living room continued to do poorly and grew less than those in the bedroom. Mrs. Benson concluded that her plants were not getting enough sunlight when placed on her living room windowsills.
a. The hypothesis is if ______then ______
b. A sentence that describes the relationship of the two variables is that ______depends on ______
c. The dependent variable is the ______
d. The independent variable is the ______
e. The control group is the ______
f. The experimental group is the ______
6. Bob just had his car tuned, but was still dissatisfied with his gas mileage. He decided to try a different gasoline and assess his gas mileage. For two weeks he purchased his present gasoline-Cheap-O, and noted the miles per gallon that he received. For the following two weeks, Bob purchased a better brand of gasoline-Name-Brand, and noted the miles per gallon that he received. Bob determined that he received better gas mileage with Name Brand gasoline. In the long-run, it was actually more economical for Bob to buy the slightly higher priced gas (Name Brand) because he received considerably better miles per gallon with Shell than with the lower priced gas (Cheap-G).
a. The hypothesis is if ______then ______
b. A sentence that describes the relationship of the two variables is that ______depends on ______
c. The dependent variable is the ______
d. The independent variable is the ______
e. The control group is the ______
f. The experimental group is the ______