Chapter 45
How do hormones affect insect molting?
Match correct hormones to the source organ, to the target organ and to their action.
What are the reasons for getting hyper versus hypothyroid goiter?
What are the specific hormones needed to maintain Calcium homeostasis, sugar homeostasis, and that respond stress (Long term and short term). How do they work?
What are the characteristics of hormone signaling?
How is the Hypothalamus and pituitary connected and how do they control other endocrine glands.
Chapter 48
What maintains electrical charge across a neuronal membrane and what is the resting membrane potential of a neuron?
How does a voltage gated channel protein work?
What is the difference between a channel and pump? What are the different types of channels and how are they controlled?
What causes depolarization and hyperpolarization?
What happens in the different phases of action potential?
What is the function of myelin and how does it form?
What happens when an action potential arrives at a synapse (sequence of events)?
What are the functions of glial cells?
What type of signals can be generated by neurotransmitters at the post synaptic membrane?
How does a neuron integrate information?
What neurotransmitters (Epinephrine, serotonin, dopamine, acetylcholine, GABA) are involved in the important activities of the brain?
Chapter 50 & Chapter 49 (pg. 1064-1069, pg1075)
How does a sensory receptor transduce a physical or chemical stimuli?
What is the mechanism of stimulation by pressure, chemical and light to generate action potentials in receptors?
What is the mechanism of sensing sound (flow diagrams) and structures involved in hearing?
How are different sound frequencies distinguished?
What is mechanism of sensing light? What is the difference between rods and cones. Describe the structure of retina.
What is the role of hair cells, how do they work and where are they found?
What are the different types of skin receptors and what does each one sense?
What are the different types receptors in muscles and how do they work?
What are the different parts of the nervous system?
What is a simple reflex? Give an example
What happens when a sensory receptor is stimulated?
What is the difference between afferent and efferent nerves?
Concept 50.5
What is a sarcomere?
What is the sequence of events at the neuromuscular junction to cause muscle contraction?
How are cells excitable? (That is what gives them the capacity to change the membrane potential)?
What is the sequence of events in muscle contraction? What is role of calcium, troponin, tropomyosin and ATP in muscle contraction?
What is the role of sarcomplasmic reticulum in muscle contraction?
Differentiate between fast and slow twitch fibers.
What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic exercise?