Study Guide – Cells Name:______

Part I. Multiple choice. Select the best answer for each question below.

___ 1. The structure that surrounds the cell and regulates which particles may enter or leave the cell is called the

(a) nuclear membrane.

(b) cell membrane.

(c) chromatin.

(d) chloroplast.

___ 2. Which of the following is NOT found in the nucleus of the cell?

(a) DNA

(b) RNA

(c) proteins

(d) nucleolus

___ 3. In plants this structure traps solar energy and uses it to form sugars during photosynthesis.

(a) vacuole

(b) ribosome

(c) lysosome

(d) chloroplast

___ 4. Which of the following is a difference between plant and animal cells?

(a)animals have only a cell membrane, plants have only a cell wall

(b)plants have centrioles, animal cells do not

(c)plants have chloroplasts and large vacuole, animals have no chloroplasts and small vacuoles

(d)plants have more mitochondria because they make their own food

___ 5. This organelle releases energy that supports all cell activities.

(a) nucleus

(b) golgi apparatus

(c) endoplasmic reticulum

(d) mitochondria

___ 6. Which of the following is false regarding the characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

(a)Prokaryotic cells are typically thought of as more complex than eukaryotic cells.

(b)Eukaryotic cells have their DNA enclosed in a nucleus, prokaryotic cells do not.

(c)Both are surrounded by a cell membrane.

(d)Both are capable of movement using cilia or flagella

___ 7. Which of the following are considered to be prokaryotic?

(a) bacteria

(b) fungi

(c) plants

(d) animals

Part II. Fill in the Blank Fill in the missing word(s) to complete the sentences below.

8. The ______provides support for the cell, like your skeleton supports your body. It is made up of microtubules and microfilaments.

9. The gel-like (fluid) substance that surrounds the organelles in a cell is the ______.

10. The ______are structures in the nuclear membrane that allow materials to enter and leave the nucleus.

11. The ______directs cell activities and contains genetic information.

12. The ______is found in the nucleus and is responsible for making ribosomes.

13. The tiny organs inside a cell are called ______.

14. The ______is the final protein sorter, packaging proteins before they leave the cell.

15. If the magnification of the objective lens is 20X and the magnification of the eyepiece is 5X, the total magnification of the microscope is ______.

16. DNA condenses into ______in the nucleus, prior to cell division.

Part III. Short answer.

17. Which type of organisms evolved first? Prokaryotes or eukaryotes? Explain your choice.

18. Why would a plant cell need such a large vacuole, but an animal cell would not?

19. Describe at least two of the three parts that make up the “cell theory” and relate them to characteristics of life?

20. The endoplasmic reticulum winds throughout the cell. How does this arrangement help the ER to perform its job in the cell?

21. Why would a gland cell responsible for making enzymes or hormones have a lot of ribosomes? In other words, what do ribosomes make?

22. List the organelles involved in making proteins in order.

Part IV. Plant vs. animal cells. For each statement below, identify whether it refers to plants, animals, or both.

  1. Contains a cell wall.
  1. Contains a cell membrane.
  1. Contains chloroplasts.
  1. Contains mitochondria, ER, and golgi bodies.
  1. Contains ribosomes, lysosomes, and a cytoskeleton.
  1. Contains centrioles.

Part V. Prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes. Each phrase below is referring to prokaryotes, eukaryotes, or both. Identify which one is being referred to.

29. Contains very few organelles.

30. Contains cytoplasm.

31. Contains an endoplasmic reticulum, vacuole, microtubules, and nucleus.

32. Contains ribosomes.

33. Contains a mitochondria, lysosomes, and golgi bodies.

34. Examples include plants and animals.

35. Examples include bacteria.