Honors American GovernmentExam ReviewDay One

Foundations

  1. wrote Two Treatises on Government and promoted the ideal of natural rights as the basis of government
  2. wrote The Spirit of the Laws and promoted the ideal of separation of powers as the basis of government
  3. Wrote Leviathan and promoted the idea of the social contract – that people surrendered some of their power to a ruler or government in exchange for order and protection
  4. Wrote The Social Contract and promoted the ideal that government and people have a mutual obligation to each other. The idea of popular sovereignty originates here.
  5. document which reaffirmed individual rights in England such as freedom from cruel and unusual punishment, fair trial, and right to bear arms
  6. English document which underscored the principle of limited government, by affirming that the king’s power was not absolute
  7. signed in the year 1215, this defined the rights and duties of English nobles and set limits on the monarch’s power
  8. also known as the Age of Reason, this philosophical movement produced much of the philosophy that went into creating the United States government
  9. What philosophers and ideals most influenced Thomas Jefferson in writing the Declaration of Independence?
  10. this was the first government of the United States – it only lasted for seven years
  11. many of the weaknesses in #10 were exposed by an even known as ______in which the federal government was ineffective in its response to an internal conflict
  12. this was a series of essays published in favor of the U.S. Constitution replacing the Confederation and creating a stronger central government for the United States
  13. the three authors of #12
  14. anti-Federalists argued that without THIS, the U.S. Constitution would not be ratified
  15. this agreement created the Legislative Branch
  16. this part of the legislative branch gives equal representation to each state
  17. in this part of the legislative branch, the number of representatives for each state is determined by the population of each state

Vocabulary

  1. Term that means decisions are generally made by the people through elections or by voting on issues directly
  2. A system of government ruled by one person with absolute power.
  3. An implicit agreement among the members of a society to cooperate for mutual benefits, for example by sacrificing some individual freedom for state protection
  4. A mixed system of government usually where a large, centralized government operates simultaneously, with smaller state or provincial governments, each with specified powers
  5. Term for restrictions placed on one country by another, usually for political reasons
  6. a typically more serious crime, often involving violence, and usually punishable by imprisonment for more than one year or by death
  7. a form of government in which all power is centered in a few persons or in a dominant class; government by the few
  8. Political theory that governments exist to protect the welfare of their people, and if they fail to do so, the people who created government, have the right to replace or change it
  9. The power given to the judicial branch, more specifically the Supreme Court, to declare federal laws unconstitutional
  10. A less serious crime or Offense generally punishable by fine, penalty, or brief imprisonment other than in a penitentiary
  11. Rule by one, usually through inheritance or family lineage, as exemplified by a king or queen

Honors American GovernmentExam Review Day Two

Court Cases

  1. Supreme Court decision which established the power of judicial review to rest squarely in the U.S. Supreme Court
  2. Supreme Court decision involving the Bank of the United States in which the federal government’s power over the states was firmly established and that the Constitution had implied powers under Article I Section 8 in the “necessary and proper” clause
  3. Supreme Court decision in which the segregation of public facilities by race was made legal as long as those facilities were “separate but equal”
  4. Supreme Court decision which reversed #3 and eventually led to the desegregation of public schools and all public facilities
  5. Supreme Court decision which ruled that detained criminal suspects, prior to police questioning, must be informed of their constitutional right to an attorney and against self-incrimination.
  6. Supreme Court decision which recognized that the constitutional right to privacy extends to a woman’s right to make her own personal medical decisions

Constitution, Branches, and Amendments

  1. This phrase in the Constitution is the basis for the implied powers of the Legislative Branch
  2. This number is determined by the number of representatives each state has + its two Senators – because of this Presidential candidates tend to campaign in states with larger numbers of these
  3. This section of the Constitution begins with the words “We the people” and goes on to say that this government was being enacted to form a “perfect union” and accomplish other goals in the document
  4. These are the three options the President has when presented with a bill by Congress
  5. This is the role of the President as the highest ranking member of all the armed forces
  6. This is the role of the President as the person responsible for carrying out the laws passed by Congress
  7. This is the role of the President when performing ceremonial duties like giving out awards or recognizing accomplishments
  8. This is the role of the President when meeting with foreign leaders and representatives
  9. If a President is impeached by the ______, the trial is held in the ______. If found guilty the President is removed from office by a ______vote.
  10. 35, live in U.S. 14 years, natural born citizen
  11. 30, U.S. citizen at least 9 years, resident of the state represented
  12. 25, U.S. citizen at least 7 years, resident of the state represented
  13. This is where a presidential election is decided if no majority is reached when the Electoral College votes
  14. Powers specifically listed in the Constitution for the President and Congress are known as this or this
  15. In our federal system, powers shared between the states and federal government are called ______.

The power to tax is an example.

  1. In our federal system, powers given only to the federal government are called ______. Coining money and establishing a military are examples.
  2. In our federal system, powers given to the states are called ______. These come from the ______amendment to the Constitution, and marriage laws and driving age laws are examples.

Criminal Process

  1. This is a negotiation in the trial process for a reduced sentence for an accused or convicted person
  2. This is the part of the trial process where a criminal is formally charged with a crime and enters a plea of guilty or not guilty
  3. The results of a grand jury investigation where the evidence results in charges against an accused person
  4. This is where evidence is presented to see if an accused person should be brought to trial
  5. This is another type of trial which would involve a lawsuit between two people over things like property damage, claims of money owed – like the stuff on those judge TV shows

Amendments

  1. Ended slavery
  2. Prohibition
  3. Two terms only for the President
  4. Voting age to 18
  5. No more poll taxes
  6. Right to bear arms
  7. Created the income tax system
  8. All adult males have the right to vote
  9. Speech, religion, assembly, press, petition
  10. Due processes – the right not to testify against yourself
  11. Due processes – citizenship rights granted, equal protection under the law, bill of rights applies to all