Homework Sheet Unit 9:
Industry and Urbanization
Date / Class Activities / Homework Due In Class TodayTues
1/14 / • Politics in the Gilded Age
• Railroads – Pros and Cons
• Robber Barons and Trusts / • Chapter 24 pages 522-534
• Chapter 25 pages 536-551
Block
1/15-1/16 / • Effects of Industrialization on America
• Labor Unions / • Chapter 25 pages 551-563
• Documents 1-4
Fri
1/17 / • Urbanization
• Immigration / • Chapter 26 pages 565-577
• Document 5
Tues
1/21 / • Changes in America at the Turn of the Century / • Chapter 26 pages 578-596
• Documents 6-8
Final Day / • Unit 9 Test / • Unit 9 Notebook
Sources Used this Unit:
• Pageant (Your Textbook): Kennedy, David M., Lizabeth Cohen, and Thomas A. Bailey. The American Pageant: A History of the Republic. Boston: McDougal Littell/Houghton Mifflin. 11th Edition.
Unit 9: Industry and Urbanization
Content Covered
Railroads:
Government Subsidizes Transcontinental Railroads; Railroad Revolution; Railroad Corruption; Government Cracks Down on Railroad Corruption;
Technological Innovations:
Mechanization
Economics:
Panic of 1873; Cleveland Battles to Lower the Tariff; Trusts; Horizontal and Vertical Integration; Steel; Oil; Government Tackles the Trusts
Politics:
Graft and Corruption; The Liberal Republican Revolt of 1872; Politics of the Gilded Age; Hayes-Tilden Election of 1876; Compromise of 1877; Garfield and the Election of 1880; Garfield’s Death and Arthur; Cleveland and 1884; Harrison 1888; Graft and Urban Machine Politics
Impact of Industry on America:
The South in the “Age of Industry”; Impact of the New Industrial Revolution on America; Labor Unions; Knights of Labor and AFL;
Population Changes:
Growth of Cities; New Immigration; Reactions to the New Immigration;
Social Life and Issues:
Class Conflict and Ethnic Conflicts; Women’s Suffrage (or lack thereof); Religion in the New City; Darwin; Higher Education; Booker T. Washington and Education for African Americans; Increased Literacy and Public Libraries; Reform Writing; Literary Landmarks; The New Morality; Families and Women in the City; Suffrage; Prohibition; Artistic Triumphs; American’s Free Time – New forms of Amusement
Primary Reading
• American Pageant: Chapter 24 pages 522 – 534, Chapters 25 and 26
Secondary Reading
Industry in the South:
1. Henry Grady Issues a Challenge (1889) – Document 26-D-1 TAS V2 (p 70-71)
2. A Yankee Visits the New South (1887) – Document 26-D-2 TAS V2 (ps 72-73)
Unions:
3. The Knights of Labor Champion Reform (1887) – Document 26-E-4 TAS V2 (ps 85-86)
4. Samuel Gompers Condemns the Knights (c.1886) – Document 26-E-5 TAS V2 (ps 86-87)
Immigration:
5. A Bintel Brief – Section 15 AF V2
Factories:
6. The Life of a Sweatshop Girl (1902) – Document 26-E-3 TAS V2 (ps 80-85)
7. The Life of a Working Girl (1905) – Document 27-E-2 TAS V2 (ps 110-112)
Suffrage:
8. Jane Addams Demands the Vote for Women (1910) – Document 27-E-4 TAS V2 (ps 115-117)
Chapter 24 Part 2: Politics in the Gilded Age, 1869-1889
1. Roscoe Conkling
2. James G. Blaine
3. Stalwart
4. Half-Breed
5. Winfield S. Hancock
6. Charles J. Guiteau
7. “Ohio Idea”
8. Greenback Labor party
9. GAR
10. Pendleton Act
11. Mugwumps
12. Identify the major political factions within the Republican Party at the end of the 19c.
13. Why did Republicans include Chester A. Arthur as their Vice Presidential candidate in the 1880 election?
14. What personal scandal plagued Grover Cleveland's campaign in 1884? Why did he win the presidency in spite of it?
15. Why was the position of the presidency relatively ineffective at the end of the 19c?
16. What made politics in the Gilded Age extremely popular--with over 80 percent voter participation--yet so often corrupt and unconcerned with issues?
Chapter 25: Industry Comes of Age, 1865-1900
17. Leland Stanford
18. Cornelius Vanderbilt
19. Thomas Edison
20. Andrew Carnegie / United States Steel
21. John D. Rockefeller
22. J.P. Morgan
23. Samuel Gompers
24. stock watering
25. pool
26. rebate
27. vertical integration (monopoly)
28. horizontal integration (monopoly)
29. trust
30. interlocking directorate
31. The Grange
32. Wabash case
33. Bessemer process
34. gospel of wealth
35. Scientific Management
36. Mass production
37. Sherman Anti-Trust Act
38. New South
39. yellow dog contract
40. National Labor Union
41. Haymarket riot
42. American Federation of Labor
43. The Gibson Girl
44. How did state legislatures attempt to regulate the railroads? What was the response to these regulations of the Supreme Court in these rulings?: Munn v Illinois; Wabash, St. Louis, and Pacific Railway Co. v Illinois
45. What technological innovations of the late 19c transformed communications and business operations?
46. What was the relationship between the steel industry and the railroads?
47. Compare and contrast the vertical and horizontal integration strategies of business combinations. Which approaches did Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller use initially? Why did they evolve toward using both strategies?
48. How did financiers and industrialists use pools, trusts, and holding companies to expand their control? What was the result of this trend toward corporate combination?
49. Describe how the railroad created a truly national market. Explain the ecological changes that accompanied this transformation. Were the advantages worth the costs?
50. What happened to the standard of living of the average worker in the late 19c? What physical hardships and psychological adjustments did many workers face?
51. Why did industry increasingly employ women and children? How were they treated?
52. Compare and contrast the organization, leadership, membership and programs of the Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor. Why did the AFL succeed, while the Knights of Labor disappeared by the end of the 19c?
53. What methods were used by business to thwart labor reforms? What factors combined to help explain why organized labor remained relatively weak before World War I?
54. How did popular culture keep alive the "rags-to-riches" and "self-made man" hopes of the American masses? How realistic were such dreams?
55. Compare the impact of the new industrialization on the North and the South (agriculturally too). Why was the “New South” more a slogan than a reality?
Chapter 26: America Moves to the City, 1865-1900
56. Jane Adams
57. Charles Darwin / Theory of Evolution
58. Booker T. Washington
59. W.E.B. DuBois
60. Horatio Alger
61. Mark Twain
62. Carrie Chapman Catt
63. settlement house
64. nativism
65. philanthropy
66. pragmatism
67. yellow journalism
68. “New” Immigration
69. Push and Pull Factors
70. social gospel
71. Hull House
72. American Protective Association
73. Modernist
74. Chautauqua movement
75. Morrill Act
76. Comstock Law
77. Women’s Christian Temperance Union
78. Eighteenth Amendment
79. What were the attractions of the city that led to population expansion? What were the two main sources of the massive migration into the industrial cities of the late 19c and early 20c?
80. Contrast the earlier immigrants to the United States with those who dominated after the 1880s. What attracted these migrants? What tensions ensued?
81. What efforts were made to restrict immigration in the late 19c? What ethnic group and other types of immigrants were specifically restricted?
82. What technological innovation affected urban and suburban development?
83. How did Darwinism challenge traditional American faith and contribute to the growing schism between cosmopolitan, mostly urban, and traditional, mainly rural, values (late 19c "culture wars")?
84. Describe the African American leaders of the late 1800’s. What did they hope to achieve for their people – what did they achieve?
85. What government and private actions combined to lead to the establishment or significant expansion of universities and colleges after the Civil War? What new fields were being explored in these colleges?
86. What cultural changes occurred in the decades after the Civil War? Journalism, education, literature, visual art, architecture…
87. What reform movements began in the late 19th century? Where did they come from? Describe their goals, methods, and achievements. (Try a chart!)
88. What impact did urban life have on families? On women?
89. What progress was made in the women's suffrage movement during the Gilded Age?
90. Why and how did Americans begin to change their attitudes toward leisure and consumption? What factors contributed to this new view? How did the approaches to leisure vary by class?
91. What were the main sorts of popular entertainment activities available to urban dwellers of the late 19c and early 20c? How did class considerations shape the types of activities enjoyed?